Addictive behaviors最新文献

{"title":"Decreases in smartphone overuse and moderators among adults in general after the COVID-19 outbreak: A three-year prospective study","authors":"Toshitaka Hamamura ,&nbsp;Taiki Oka ,&nbsp;Masaru Honjo ,&nbsp;Yuki Sakai ,&nbsp;Saori C. Tanaka ,&nbsp;Toshinori Chiba ,&nbsp;Nao Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led many individuals to utilize digital devices, including smartphones, to minimize in-person activities. How the pandemic brought about a long-term impact on smartphone overuse is still unclear owing to mixed results of previous studies. This prospective study investigated whether levels of smartphone overuse increased over three years after the COVID-19 outbreak. Recruited through a research marketing company, 86,827 Japanese adults were deemed eligible to take part in this study and responded to three outcome measures of smartphone overuse and other measures related to smartphone use and COVID-19. Data collection occurred before the outbreak in December 2019 and at six subsequent time points between the first outbreak in Japan and December 2022. Contrary to the hypothesis, a growth model analysis (GMA) revealed downward trajectories in all three smartphone overuse measures: the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Short Version, GMA <em>d</em> = −0.13; smartphone overuse, GMA <em>d</em> = −0.14; and negative consequences from overuse, GMA <em>d</em> = −0.23. A complete case analysis suggested the robustness of these effect sizes. Moderators of the declines in all three outcome measures included spending less money on purchasing new apps and stronger beliefs about not having contracted COVID-19. As individuals turned to online platforms during the COVID-19 outbreak, high reliance on digital technologies, once perceived as overuse before the pandemic, may have become necessary preventive measures against the pandemic, resulting in diminished smartphone overuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 108329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Risk factors for the development of problem gambling in individuals with ADHD symptoms: The mediating roles of gambling engagement and ADHD characteristics” [Addict. Behav. 166 (2025) 108327]","authors":"Keita Tokumitsu ,&nbsp;Norio Sugawara ,&nbsp;Takahiro Tabuchi ,&nbsp;Norio Yasui-Furukori","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for gambling-related harm: Scholarly commentary addictive behaviors","authors":"Amanda Roberts ,&nbsp;Rebecca Clarke ,&nbsp;Fay Laidler ,&nbsp;Jim Rogers ,&nbsp;Claire Harman ,&nbsp;Henrietta Bowden-Jones ,&nbsp;Lauren Smith ,&nbsp;Steve Sharman","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been surmised that there are approximately 1.6 million adults in England alone who may benefit from some type of support in relation to harmful gambling. Harmful gambling is a public health issue linked to psychological comorbidity, poor mental and physical health, and high levels of suicidality, and there is pressing need for initiatives and opportunities to identify gambling related harms before crisis level is reached.Harmful gambling is a term recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to mean gambling of any frequency that causes harm, problems or distress for the person.</div><div>People experiencing harmful gambling are shown to be high users of health services and support services, despite low levels of help-seeking behaviour for gambling itself, which can often be ‘crisis driven’ (i.e. only seeking help after experiencing severe harms like a suicide attempt). This leads to overutilisation and unnecessary burden on such services, addressing a symptom of the disorder (e.g., depression), rather than addressing the underlying cause (i.e., the harmful gambling). Consequently, support services such as healthcare services, third sector organisations and the criminal justice system are well placed to provide secondary prevention initiatives (i.e., routine screening/referral to treatment) for harmful gambling, before the individual reaches crisis point. The commentary highlights where secondary prevention initiatives can be placed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does desire thinking mediate the influence of in-group identity as an Instagram user on components of problematic Instagram use?","authors":"Ian P. Albery,&nbsp;Kristina Ivanova Divrova,&nbsp;Daniel Frings,&nbsp;Marcantonio M. Spada","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Desire-based thinking is associated with the magnitude and severity of problematic social media use. One’s ingroup identity has also been shown to be related to problematic behaviour including excessive social media use. Recent work showed that different factors predicted either compulsivity or withdrawal-based aspects of problematic Instagram. For compulsivity symptoms, negative metacognitions and the verbal perseveration component of desire thinking (i.e., persistent repetition of self-talk about the need to achieve a desired goal) were essential. In contrast, for withdrawal symptoms identity centrality (and no other dimensions of identity) and imaginal prefiguration (i.e., thoughts related to the mental images of a desired target or of its context for consumption) were the only predictors. The current study extended this work by testing whether the direct effects of components of ingroup identity as an Instagram user (<em>N</em> = 200) on increasing problematic use was also accounted for indirectly as a function of increasing desire-based thoughts as an active mediator, and whether these effects differed as a function of desire thinking component (i.e., imaginal prefiguration and verbal perseveration). Results showed that for overall problematic Instagram use desire thinking and the imaginal prefiguration component were found to fully mediate the influence of one ingroup self-investment aspect of identity, namely centrality i.e., chronicity of being an Instagram ingroup member for one’s experienced identity. Total desire thinking was also shown to fully mediate the effects of identity centrality only for that component of problematic Instagram use that reflected compulsivity-type symptoms and to be a partial mediator for withdrawal-type symptoms. Imaginal prefiguration and verbal perseveration desire thinking components were both shown to partially mediate the effect of identity centrality on withdrawal symptoms but not show any mediating influence for compulsivity. These results reemphasise the primary significance of identity centrality (and ingroup self-investment processes) in accounting for variability in problematic Instagram use but also detail the importance of desire thinking factors as mediating its expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates and correlates of simultaneous use and mixing of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis among adults who currently use alcohol and tobacco","authors":"Amanda Y. Kong ,&nbsp;Sarah D. Kowitt ,&nbsp;Elizabeth O. Halstead ,&nbsp;Kristen L. Jarman ,&nbsp;Leah M. Ranney ,&nbsp;Adam O. Goldstein ,&nbsp;Melissa J. Cox","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Little research exists on simultaneous use of multiple substances that pose additive risk for negative health outcomes. We examine rates and sociodemographic and state cannabis legalization status correlates of simultaneous use (i.e., use &gt; 1 substance on the same occasion) and mixing (e.g., co-administration of substances) of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis among a U.S sample of adults who currently use alcohol and combustible tobacco products.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using a survey panel, we recruited 1,300 U.S. adults who reported past 30-day use of alcohol and combustible tobacco between June to July 2021. We fit logistic regression models to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and cannabis legalization status with use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The majority (67%) of participants reported simultaneous alcohol and tobacco use. Over half (55.5%) of tobacco and alcohol co-users reported past 30-day cannabis use, 42.1% reported simultaneous tobacco and cannabis use, and 45% reported mixing tobacco and cannabis in the form of a blunt. Additionally, 36.5% reported simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, and 33.1% reported simultaneous alcohol and blunt use. Age, race, gender, and income level were associated with simultaneous use of some substances. State cannabis legalization status was not significantly associated with outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, the prevalence of simultaneous use was high among this U.S. purposive sample of adults who reported current co-use of alcohol and tobacco products. Researchers should consider measuring simultaneous use of substances in samples of co-users, which may inform the efficacy of interventions focused on cessation or harm reduction of substance use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 108334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The longitudinal association between family functioning and problematic social media use among Chinese university students: Mediation via loneliness and a subgroup analysis by sex","authors":"Hui Lu ,&nbsp;Ziwei Ren ,&nbsp;Peng Zhen ,&nbsp;Zixin Su ,&nbsp;Yun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, problematic social media use (PSMU) is becoming increasingly common among university students. There is, however, a dearth of longitudinal studies investigating family functioning, loneliness, and PSMU. Based on the model of compensatory internet use, this study investigated the hypothesis that loneliness would mediate the longitudinal association between family functioning and PSMU among Chinese university students. It also explored whether there were sex differences in the associations between family functioning, loneliness, and PSMU. A total of 928 university students (45.7% male and 54.3% female; Mage = 20.71 years, SD = 1.21) completed the two-wave surveys. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Chinese 6-item short version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Family APGAR Index were employed to evaluate PSMU, loneliness, and family functioning, respectively. Cross-lagged panel model analysis and multi-group analysis by sex were conducted. The study found that family functioning at T1 negatively predicted loneliness at T2 (<em>β</em> = -0.10, <em>p</em> = 0.001) and PSMU at T2 (<em>β</em> = -0.12, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Loneliness at T1 positively predicted PSMU at T2 (<em>β</em> = 0.13, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Loneliness significantly mediated the longitudinal association between family functioning and PSMU. Significant sex differences were found in the paths from loneliness at T1 to PSMU at T2 and from family functioning at T1 to PSMU at T2, with these associations being stronger in males than in females. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing family communication and emotional cohesion could be effective in reducing both loneliness and PSMU among university students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opioid overdose, suicide mortality, and premature death among veterans with alcohol or opioid use disorders: The impact of military sexual trauma","authors":"Anne N. Banducci ,&nbsp;Amar D. Mandavia ,&nbsp;Michelle J. Bovin ,&nbsp;Rachel Sayko Adams ,&nbsp;Molly A. Maloney ,&nbsp;Clara E. Roth ,&nbsp;Lauren McClain ,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Livingston","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Veterans with a history of military sexual trauma (MST+) are more likely to have substance use disorders (SUD) and may be at an elevated risk of premature death, driven in part by acute causes of death associated with SUD, such as suicide and overdose, as well as those associated with MST (e.g., suicide). However, the risks of veteran status, SUD, and MST+ have generally been examined independently. The current study analyzed data from 111,222 veteran decedents (2,913 women, 108,309 men) identified via Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic medical record data, who had both a documented opioid and/or alcohol use disorder between 2016–2021 and a VHA MST screen (4,546 veterans screened positive) in their medical record. We evaluated MST status, sex, and their interaction as predictors of suicide and opioid overdose death and age at death. Of veteran decedents, MST+ veterans died six years younger than MST- veterans, overall. Although MST more substantially reduced life expectancy in men than women, MST+ women died significantly younger than both MST- women and MST+/- men, overall. MST+ veterans were 1.3x more likely to die by suicide and 2.8x more likely to die by opioid overdose, relative to other causes of death, than MST- veterans and died 1.5–6 years younger than MST- veterans of these causes. Women were also more likely to die by suicide and opioid overdose and died younger of these causes than men. Taken together, additional work is needed to develop interventions designed to reduce the risk of premature death among MST survivors and women with SUD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 108330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unfairness sensitivity and equity in severe alcohol use disorder: Insights from the ultimatum game","authors":"Mado Gautier ,&nbsp;Damien Brevers ,&nbsp;Arthur Pabst ,&nbsp;Christophe Geus ,&nbsp;Pierre Maurage","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD) is characterized by social interaction difficulties that play a key role in the persistence of this addictive state. Biased social decision-making might underpin such interpersonal problems. Previous studies exploring social decision-making in SAUD used the ultimatum game – an economic game evaluating sensitivity to unfairness (for the responder) and equity (for the proposer) – and showed increased unfairness sensitivity in SAUD. However, these studies used one-shot designs that are not representative of real-life interactions and focused only on responders, letting much of the phenomenon unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 34 matched control participants played four iterated ultimatum games, with variations according to the role (responder <em>vs.</em> proposer) and strategy used by their virtual opponent (fair/easy <em>vs.</em> unfair/difficult). Participants then completed social cognition tasks and psychopathological questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As responders, patients with SAUD did not reject fair or unfair offers more often than controls, which contradicts the unfairness sensitivity previously highlighted in one-shot ultimatum games. As proposers, patients with SAUD made more generous offers than controls and did not adapt to their opponent’s strategy, which resulted in poorer economic outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with SAUD do not display an unfairness sensitivity but are less able to adapt to their opponent, which has detrimental consequences, namely poorer outcomes. They behave differently during one-shot and repeated interactions, probably because – due to their social cognition impairments – they need more time to understand their opponent and overcome their <em>a priori</em> social biases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 108331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of e-cigarette use, psychological distress, and substance use: Insights from the All of Us Research Program","authors":"John Erhabor ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Yao ,&nbsp;Erfan Tasdighi ,&nbsp;Omar El Shahawy ,&nbsp;Emelia J. Benjamin ,&nbsp;Aruni Bhatnagar ,&nbsp;Michael J. Blaha","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Aim</h3><div>Understanding the social context of e-cigarette use in the United States (U.S.) remains a high priority.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, we included 68,356 adults aged ≥18 from the All of Us research program’s COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey who had complete e-cigarette use information. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to examine the association between e-cigarette use (current, former, and never), psychological distress, and substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the sample, most were male (66.3 %) and white (81.9 %), with 2.9 % reporting former and 2.3 % current e-cigarette use. Individuals reporting former or current e-cigarette use had a higher prevalence of psychological distress (e.g., depressive symptoms: never 49.6 %, former 70.2 %, current 73.4 %) and substance use (e.g., cannabis: never 9.8 %, former 37.0 %, current 42.6 %) than never e-cigarette use. Compared with never use, current e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms (aOR, 1.53 95 % CI: 1.34–1.74), anxiety (aOR1.36, 1.19–1.57), suicidal ideation (aOR1.55, 1.32–1.82), stress (aOR1.41, 1.24–1.59), as well as, cannabis (aOR 2.72, 2.40–3.08), opioids (aOR1.92, 1.56–2.36), stimulants (aOR2.33, 1.91–2.83), sedatives (aOR1.68, 1.43–1.98), hallucinogens (aOR1.94, 1.28–2.90), and cocaine use (aOR1.85, 1.21–2.79). Similar significant associations were observed in former, occasional and daily e-cigarette use, with comparable estimates across sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this unique well-powered All of US dataset, there was a significant cross-sectional association between e-cigarette use, psychological distress, and substance use, indicating that the social context of e-cigarette use is closely linked to key well-being domains. These data provide high precision estimates that can be used to inform interventions aimed at creating awareness of e-cigarette use correlates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of problematic smartphone use among adolescents: A preliminary study to investigate the efficacy of an intervention based on the metacognitive model","authors":"Maria Anna Donati,&nbsp;Massimiliano Padovani,&nbsp;Adriana Iozzi ,&nbsp;Caterina Primi","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As there is a significant gap in the development of preventive interventions tailored to adolescents, this study develops and preliminarily investigates the efficacy of a preventive intervention towards Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) by referring to the metacognitive model. Six classes, a total of 93 high school students (75 % females, <em>M</em>age = 16.26, <em>SD</em> = 1.24), were randomly assigned to either the Training or No Training group. The intervention spanned five weekly sessions, incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy and the conceptual change model to modify metacognitive beliefs. Pre- and post-test measures included daily time spent on the mobile phone, risky behaviors related to smartphone use, and metacognitive beliefs about smartphone use. A mixed ANOVA indicated a significant reduction in daily time spent on the mobile phone and risky behaviors related to smartphone use only in the Training group, with large effect sizes. Findings are promising and discussed in terms of future improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}