Addictive behaviors最新文献

{"title":"Examining tobacco use at the intersection of gender, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity using national U.S. data of sexual and gender diverse youth","authors":"Ryan J. Watson ,&nbsp;Samantha E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;Peter S. McCauley ,&nbsp;Christopher W. Wheldon ,&nbsp;Jessica N. Fish ,&nbsp;Lisa A. Eaton","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To expand the literature documenting that tobacco use inequities persist and continue to increase for minoritized youth populations by exploring patterns of tobacco use across <em>multiple</em> intersections of sexual, gender, racial, and ethnic identities. Studies with this focus are needed to understand the degree to which tobacco use varies across groups who hold multiple minoritized identities. <strong>Methods</strong>: The current study used a novel analytical approach— Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection – to examine lifetime cigarette use among a U.S.-based sample of sexual and gender diverse youth collected in 2022. Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection is a data-driven, decision-tree approach that uses successive Chi-square tests to iteratively cycle through all interactions among categorical independent variables, splitting where categories differ significantly with respect to the dependent variable. Participants identified as sexual and/or gender diverse youth, resided in the U.S., and were between 13–18 years of age (<em>N</em> = 9,504). <strong>Results</strong>: Several important patterns emerged: The groups with the highest prevalence of cigarette experimentation included transgender boys, cisgender boys, and non-binary youth. These adolescents were likely to also hold minoritized racial and ethnic identities, and identify with plurisexual identities. Some age-related differences in patterns emerged; across grades, transgender boys and Multiracial sexually and gender diverse youth were a part of high prevalence cigarette experimentation groups. <strong>Conclusions</strong>: The results highlight the complex patterns of cigarette use differences in heterogenous sexual and gender diverse populations, particularly across gender, sexual, and ethnoracial identities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematic gambling among the LGBTQIA2S + population in Canada: A quantitative study","authors":"Magaly Brodeur ,&nbsp;Natalia Muñoz Gómez ,&nbsp;Nathalie Carrier ,&nbsp;Pasquale Roberge ,&nbsp;Julie-Christine Cotton ,&nbsp;Eva Monson ,&nbsp;Adèle Morvannou ,&nbsp;Marie-Ève Poitras ,&nbsp;Anaïs Lacasse ,&nbsp;Didier Jutras-Aswad ,&nbsp;Yves Couturier ,&nbsp;Christine Loignon ,&nbsp;Olivier Simon ,&nbsp;Catherine Hudon","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>LGBTQIA2S + populations are believed to be at higher risk of problem gambling due to their elevated rates of mental disorders and substance abuse compared to heterosexual and cisgender populations. However, little is known about these populations regarding their gambling practices in the Canadian context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an online survey among Canadian residents 18 years or older who self-identify as sexually and gender-diverse (i.e., LGBTQIA2S + ) and have gambled at least once in the preceding year (<em>N</em> = 1,519). We used descriptive analysis to portray the sample’s gambling habits and a logistic regression model to identify potential factors associated with moderate-to-high-risk gambling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of problematic gambling among our sample was 19.6%. This proportion did not vary according to sex or gender identity. Simultaneously, there was a negative relationship between age group and problematic gambling, and a positive relationship existed with gambling involvement. Logistic regression showed factors associated with higher odds of problematic gambling, including gambling frequency, gambling on slot machines, video lottery machines or poker, presenting other behavioral addictions, and poor mental health. Increasing age, identifying with White ethnicity, higher household income, and identifying as pansexual or queer were inversely correlated factors.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusions</h3><div>Sociodemographic factors associated with problematic gambling likely have complex underlying relationships that merit further research. Gambling formats with faster reward responses presented the highest prevalence of problematic gambling. Further analysis by identity subgroups, and research on their experiences with gambling harm, health and social services, and discrimination could provide insight into the needs and challenges of this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of detached mindfulness techniques on gaming-related urges and intentions to play","authors":"Jaime Nuske ,&nbsp;Luke Nuske ,&nbsp;Leanne Hides ,&nbsp;Daniel L. King","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals who struggle to regulate their gaming involvement, particularly those with gaming disorder, often report strong subjective urges to play games. Desire thinking has been proposed to be an active driver of urge, and therefore disrupting desire thinking processes may reduce urges to play. Detached mindfulness, a meta-cognitive therapy technique, is a candidate option for reducing desire thinking, but the available research in relation to gaming is limited. To address this gap, this pre-registered study employed a 3 (Group: mindfulness, relaxation, control) x 3 (Time: baseline, pre-task, post-task) mixed experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce gaming urges. Gamers (<em>N</em> = 337) were recruited via the crowd-sourcing platform <em>Prolific</em>. Participants were administered interactive video-based tasks that induced gaming-related desire thinking and were then randomly delivered one of three techniques. Results showed that the desire thinking exercise significantly increased gaming urge. However, the detached mindfulness technique had no significant effect on urge to play, whereas relaxation significantly reduced urge compared to control. The effect of relaxation on urge was stronger for those with moderate to high impulsivity. These results support the proposed link between desire thinking and gaming urge. Gaming urges may be reliably induced using a brief self-guided protocol, which has applications for interventions involving exposure exercises without the use of physical gaming stimuli. Relaxation techniques may have short-term utility in reducing gaming-related urges. Further research should examine other meta-cognitive therapy-based techniques to support a broader research program on CBT for gaming disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When less is more: Short-Term efficacy of a gamified personalized normative feedback intervention for college students","authors":"Joseph W. LaBrie ,&nbsp;Sarah C. Boyle ,&nbsp;Bradley M. Trager ,&nbsp;Nicole A. Hall ,&nbsp;Layla M. Rainosek ,&nbsp;Oliver J. Hatch ,&nbsp;Reed M. Morgan ,&nbsp;Michael J. West ,&nbsp;Mary M. Tomkins ,&nbsp;Clayton Neighbors","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite various intervention efforts, college drinking remains a concern, and while personalized normative feedback (PNF) has proven effective, attempts to deliver it in a way that minimizes reactance and maximizes student engagement have been slow to emerge. This study examined the short-term effects of CampusGandr, a mobile gamified PNF intervention for college students. The game took place over 16 weeks (1 round per week) during the fall semester and included weekly PNF on various topics related to college life, including alcohol. Participants (<em>N</em> = 1,143) were recruited from universities in Texas and California and randomized into one of three conditions: no alcohol feedback (NAF), less alcohol feedback (LAF; delivered in 3 rounds), and more alcohol feedback (MAF; delivered in 6 rounds). Number of alcohol and non-alcohol feedback participants viewed was objectively tracked in CampusGandr. Relative to NAF, there were no significant effects for LAF or MAF on descriptive drinking norms or on drinking (any drinks consumed and typical number of drinks per week consumed) one-month post-intervention. However, a significant quadratic effect emerged between the number of alcohol feedbacks viewed and having consumed any drinks, indicating decreased odds of having consumed any alcohol at the follow-up with up to three alcohol feedbacks. Number of alcohol feedbacks viewed was also related to decreases in norms. Thus, despite a lack of evidence for differences in drinking between conditions, findings suggest future research is needed to explore the optimal dosage and timing of alcohol feedback within gamified interventions like CampusGandr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological treatment for substance use disorder: A systematic review","authors":"Joaquín Mateu-Mollá ,&nbsp;Bartolomé Pérez-Gálvez ,&nbsp;Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>There is strong evidence of the substance dependence has a negative impact on key dimensions of health. The scientific evidence suggests that pharmacological treatment could play a fundamental role in its clinical management. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to explore the existing pharmacological options for the treatment of substance use disorders. Methods: Following PRISMA recommendations, a review of recent scientific literature was conducted using three sources of information: Pubmed /Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus. Only randomized controlled trials published in the last five years, in both English and Spanish, and subjected to peer review were selected. The quality of the methodology used was defined through the application of the PEDro scale for quantitative studies. It was registered in the PROSPERO database. Results: After filtering through the respective advanced search engines, a total of 49 articles suitable for qualitative analysis were retrieved. Literature related to pharmacotherapy for alcohol use, as well as for cocaine, tobacco, cannabis, and opioid dependence, was identified among them. Conclusions: There is a wide variety of drugs that can be used for the clinical management of dependence on these substances. Reflections are offered on the evidence of their effectiveness and the methodological rigor of the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationships between positive/negative metacognitions and Internet gaming disorder among Chinese adult gamers: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence","authors":"Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Bryant Pui Hung Hui ,&nbsp;Tulips Yiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Anise M.S. Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research investigating Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in China involved mainly youth samples despite the large population of adult gamers. Drawing on the self-regulatory executive function model, this study aimed to demonstrate the psychometric robustness of negative and positive gaming-specific metacognitions assessed by the short-form Metacognitions about Online Gaming Scale (MOGS; Study 1). Then, Study 2 aimed to explore bidirectional associations between these two factors of the MOGS and IGD among a broad age spectrum of Chinese adult gamers. Through online surveys, we obtained data from Chinese community adults: Study 1 surveyed 409 past-month gamers (<em>M_age</em> = 42.45, <em>SD</em> = 11.66; 53.8 % female) and Study 2 surveyed 266 past-month gamers (<em>M_age</em> = 34.76, <em>SD</em> = 11.78; 65.8 % female). Results of Study 1 supported the robustness of the two-factor structure, demonstrated the short-form MOGS’ satisfactory convergent validity and reliability, and displayed its scalar invariance between community adults and university students. Study 2 found bidirectional associations between negative metacognitions only and IGD, in which baseline negative metacognitions were associated with higher levels of individuals’ follow-up vulnerability to developing IGD. In contrast, IGD had a prospective effect on negative metacognitions 6 months later. IGD also showed a significant prospective effect on positive metacognitions. These findings demonstrate that the short-form MOGS is a cost-effective tool for measuring gaming-specific metacognitions in Chinese adults, highlighting the prominent role of negative metacognitions in the vicious circle of maladaptive metacognitions and IGD, which has implications for IGD preventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal examination of factors predicting maternal permissiveness toward underage student drinking across the first three years of college","authors":"Oliver J. Hatch ,&nbsp;Bradley M. Trager ,&nbsp;Joseph W. LaBrie ,&nbsp;Clayton Neighbors ,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Mallett ,&nbsp;Rob Turrisi","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parental permissiveness of drinking is a reliable predictor of college drinking, but there is little known about factors that predict such permissiveness. This study seeks to examine factors that predict two potentially different facets of permissiveness: perceived general approval of alcohol use and perceived drinking limits. Additionally, we explored how these facets mediate the relationship between the predictors of permissiveness and subsequent college drinking and related consequences. First-year college students (<em>N</em> = 1,172) from three large U.S. universities participated in a three-year longitudinal study (surveys were approximately 1 year apart). The students reported demographic information (i.e., birth sex, race, ethnicity), perceived injunctive peer norms, drinking outcomes (i.e., peak, heavy episodic drinking, and consequences), and perceived maternal behaviors (i.e., modeling alcohol use, monitoring, alcohol communication) and attitudes toward drinking (i.e., general approval and drinking limits). Results indicated that being White (compared to Asian and Black) predicted higher perceived maternal general approval of alcohol use and higher perceived maternal drinking limits during students’ second year in college. And, perceived maternal drinking limits, but not general approval, assessed during students’ second year predicted all three drinking outcomes during the students’ third year. This study supports previous research showing the impact of parental permissiveness, especially drinking limits, on college drinking and highlights the role of race as a predictor of parental permissiveness. Moreover, our findings support general approval and drinking limits as distinct facets that reflect different dimensions of parental permissiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment for substance use disorder in mothers of young children: A systematic review of maternal substance use and child mental health outcomes","authors":"Kayla M. Joyce ,&nbsp;Chantal P. Delaquis ,&nbsp;Tia Alsaidi ,&nbsp;Julia Sulymka ,&nbsp;Alexandra Conway ,&nbsp;Juanita Garcia ,&nbsp;Allyson Paton ,&nbsp;Lauren E. Kelly ,&nbsp;Leslie E. Roos","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substance use disorders (SUD) in mothers of young children can negatively impact the family unit and promote the intergenerational cycle of mental health disorders. This systematic review aims to: 1) provide an overview of substance use treatments for mothers of young children (from birth to 5 years old); 2) synthesize findings on maternal substance use and child/maternal mental health outcomes; and 3) identify key treatment components. Database searches in Medline, PsycINFO, PubMED, and PsycARTICLES were conducted on May 7th, 2024. A total of 14, 916 articles were identified following duplicate removal. Articles were screened following PRISMA guidelines. Eight articles (<em>n</em> = 900) met inclusion criteria. Outcomes of interest included maternal substance use, child/maternal mental health, and treatment components. All studies indicated maternal substance use treatments were at least as, or more, effective in improving maternal substance use and child/maternal mental health outcomes compared to controls. Treatment components included: mother/family mental health, basic needs, parenting skills, occupation/education, operant conditioning, crisis management, and medical education. Operant conditioning was the only treatment component which appeared to positively impact maternal substance use outcomes; no other treatment components were associated with outcomes of interest. This review provides preliminary evidence highlighting the benefits of substance use treatments for mothers of young children on substance use and mental health outcomes. Future randomized controlled trials with harmonized outcome measures and qualitative data that identifies treatment needs of mothers with lived experience are crucial to evaluate maternal substance use treatments and improve treatment development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between cannabis use and same-day health and substance use behaviors","authors":"Irene De La Torre ,&nbsp;Emily T. Hébert ,&nbsp;Krista M. Kezbers ,&nbsp;Danielle Walters ,&nbsp;Zachary C. Pope ,&nbsp;Bingjing Mao ,&nbsp;Lizbeth Benson ,&nbsp;Dingjing Shi ,&nbsp;Nadia Stanley ,&nbsp;Michael S. Businelle","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cannabis use has increased in the United States as states have legalized/decriminalized recreational and/or medicinal use. The primary aim of this study was to examine daily associations between cannabis use and health (physical activity [PA]) and substance use (alcohol consumption, cigarette use) behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data from a 28-day nationwide study that prompted daily ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) were used to assess daily cannabis use, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), alcohol containing drinks consumed, and cigarettes smoked. Only participants who reported cannabis use on at least one day during the study period were included in the analysis (<em>N</em> = 98). Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine associations between cannabis use and same-day health and substance use behaviors while adjusting for race, biological sex, and age.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Daily cannabis use was positively associated with daily PA (<em>p</em> = 0.04, 3.31-minute higher PA duration on use vs. non-use days), number of alcohol containing drinks consumed (<em>p</em> = 0.01, 0.45 more drinks on use vs. non-use days), and number of cigarettes smoked (<em>p</em> = 0.01, 0.63 more cigarettes on use vs. non-use days).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study was among the first to use EMAs to examine associations between daily cannabis use and same-day PA, alcohol consumption, and cigarette use. Overall, findings indicated that daily cannabis use is associated with higher engagement in these daily health and substance use behaviors. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms linking cannabis use with these and other behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavoring on e-cigarette uptake, cigarette smoking reduction, and cessation: A secondary analysis of a nationwide clinical trial","authors":"Tracy T. Smith ,&nbsp;Amy E. Wahlquist ,&nbsp;Theodore L. Wagener ,&nbsp;K.Michael Cummings ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Carpenter","doi":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The impact of e-cigarette flavoring on e-cigarette uptake and switching to e-cigarettes among adults who smoke is critical to e-cigarette regulation in the United Sates. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess the impact of e-cigarette flavoring choice on e-cigarette uptake and changes in cigarette smoking in a large nationwide trial of e-cigarette provision in the United States.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A free four-week supply of e-cigarettes was provided with minimal instructions to use to adults who smoke (N = 427). Participants selected from five flavor options: tobacco, menthol, blue/blackberry (one flavor), apple melon, or iced fruit. Participants could choose up to two flavors for each of two, two-week provisions of e-cigarettes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants who received an e-cigarette were 52 % female, 32 % non-white, and smoked an average (SD) of 14.8 (7.2) cigarettes per day at baseline. Only 5 % (n = 22) of participants chose to exclusively receive tobacco flavor. Compared to participants who exclusively received the tobacco flavor, participants who received any other flavor combination had greater e-cigarette uptake at the end of product provision (74 % vs. 55 %), were more likely to reduce cigarette smoking by at least 50 % at the end of product provision (34 % vs. 14 %) and at the final 6-month follow up (29 % vs. 5 %), and numerically, but not statistically, more likely to be abstinent from cigarettes at the end of product provision (11 % vs. 5 %) and the final 6-month follow-up (14 % vs. 5 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results suggest that non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors may be more appealing than tobacco flavors, and better promote uptake of e-cigarettes and cigarette smoking reduction. Large-scale randomized trials in which participants are assigned to either tobacco or non-tobacco flavors are critical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7155,"journal":{"name":"Addictive behaviors","volume":"163 ","pages":"Article 108240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142960200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}