{"title":"SRY-box Transcription Factor 6 Is Expressed Not Only in the Dorsal but Also in the Ventral Zone of the Neural Tube and Is Highly Expressed in the Notochord and Chordoma.","authors":"Genshu Tate","doi":"10.1267/ahc.23-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.23-00012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the course of SRY-box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) expression profiling in human embryonic tissue, SOX 6 was found to be highly expressed in the notochord, based on the findings of immunohistochemistry (IHC). Sox6 is also expressed in the neural tube and the distribution of SOX6 is located in the ventral and dorsal zones of the neural tube. In contrast to the findings that SOX6-positive cells were located on the floor plate of the neural tube, OLIG2- and NKX2.2-expressing cells were lacking on the floor plate of the neural tube, and their expression was restricted only to the ventral zone of the neural tube. The expression patterns of SOX9 were similar to those of OLIG2 and NKX2.2 in the neural tube. NKX2.2 and OLIG2 are not expressed in the notochord, but SOX9 and SOX6 are. Because Sox6 is highly expressed in the notochord, the present study investigated whether or not SOX6 is an immunohistochemical marker for the pathologic diagnosis of chordoma, a neoplasm derived from the notochord. IHC revealed that chordoma was strongly positive for SOX6 in two cases of chordoma, one of which occurred in the sacrococcygeal region and another that developed at the base of the skull, suggesting that SOX6 is a useful marker for the histopathologic diagnosis of chordoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7a/73/ahc-56-55.PMC10323198.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9813021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mitochondrial Ferritin in the Midbrain of Patients with Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Haruka Tsubaki, Daijiro Yanagisawa, Yusuke Kageyama, Zulzikry Hafiz Abu Baker, Ken-Ichi Mukaisho, Ikuo Tooyama","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is an endogenous iron-storage protein localized in the mitochondria. FtMt is mainly observed in restricted tissues, such as those in the testis, islets of Langerhans, and brain. Further, it may protect cells from oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. However, the role of FtMt in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the localization and expression level of FtMt in the midbrain of patients with PD and healthy controls using immunohistochemical techniques. FtMt immunoreactivity was mainly detected in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in both healthy controls and patients with PD. In addition, FtMt-positive particles were observed outside the dopaminergic neurons in patients with PD. Based on a quantitative comparison, patients with PD had a significantly upregulated FtMt immunoreactivity in dopaminergic neurons than healthy controls. Our result might be helpful in future studies on the role of FtMt in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/a1/ahc-56-21.PMC10139838.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction: Dexmedetomidine and Phosphocreatine Post-treatment Provides Protection against Focal Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats.","authors":"","doi":"10.1267/ahc.23-00024RT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.23-00024RT","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00040.].</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/71/ahc-56-39.PMC10139839.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9373851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Tamiya, Wakako Sakaguchi, Kimiko Nakagawa, Toshiharu Yamamoto, Juri Saruta, Nobuhisa Kubota, Akira Kawata, Iwao Hasegawa, Nobushiro Hamada, Keiichi Tsukinoki
{"title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Its Related Factors on the Mucosal Epithelium of the Tongue.","authors":"Jun Tamiya, Wakako Sakaguchi, Kimiko Nakagawa, Toshiharu Yamamoto, Juri Saruta, Nobuhisa Kubota, Akira Kawata, Iwao Hasegawa, Nobushiro Hamada, Keiichi Tsukinoki","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 infects a variety of tissues, including the oral cavity. However, there are few reports examining the association of SARS-CoV-2 with tongue mucosal tissues with sticky tongue debris. This study investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated molecules by dissecting tongue tissue from autopsy specimens of 23 patients who died of COVID-19-related illness (pneumonia). Immunohistochemical staining, electron microscopy, and PCR analysis were performed on the tongue tissue specimens. The mucosal epithelium of the tongue formed a very thick keratinized with well-developed filiform papillae in all cases. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were consistently co-expressed in all samples in the epithelium. The S-protein was strongly expressed in basal cells and the epithelial surface. S-protein-positive viral particles were detected in the tongue's stratified squamous epithelium via an immunoelectron microscope. Based on PCR amplification of the N1 and N2 regions, the SARS-CoV-2 gene was detected on the tongue epithelium, tongue submucosa, and in tongue debris. This suggests that tongue debris, including the squamous epithelial tissue, could be a source of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. Furthermore, removing tongue debris may decrease the amount of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity.</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/76/ahc-56-29.PMC10139837.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of Immunohistochemistry in Clinical Practices as a Standardized Assay for Breast Cancer.","authors":"Shinobu Masuda, Yoko Nakanishi","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an indispensable tool in the clinical practices for breast cancer; however, to achieve its standardization, numerous issues need to be overcome. In this review, we describe the development of IHC as an important clinical tool, and the challenges in standardizing IHC results for patients. We also present ideas for resolving the remaining issues and unmet needs, along with future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/a4/ahc-56-1.PMC9986307.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9434656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protective Effect of Silymarin on Liver in Experimental in the Sepsis Model of Rats.","authors":"Nevra Aydemir Celep, Semin Gedikli","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00059","DOIUrl":"10.1267/ahc.22-00059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study, it was investigated whether silymarin has a protective effect by performing histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evaluations on the liver damage induced by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). CLP model was established and silymarin was treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, by oral one hour before the CLP. As an effect of the histological evaluations of the liver tissues, venous congestion, inflammation, and necrosis in the hepatocytes were observed in the CLP group. A situation close to the control group was observed in the Silymarin (SM)100 and SM200 groups. As a result of the immunohistochemical evaluations, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokeratine (CK)18, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukine (IL)-6 immunoreactivities were intense in the CLP group. In the biochemical analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased in the CLP group, while a significant decrease was observed in the treatment groups. TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were in parallel with histopathological evaluations. In the biochemical analysis, Malondialdehyte (MDA) level increased significantly in the CLP group, but there was a significant decrease in the SM100 and SM200 groups. Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were relatively low in the CLP group. According to these data, it was concluded that using silymarin reduces the existing liver damage in sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/46/ahc-56-9.PMC9986308.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9137234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cathepsin D Inhibits Angiogenesis in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.","authors":"Ren Fujiwara, Hirotomo Ten, Hui Chen, Chuan-Lu Jiang, Ken-Ichi Oyama, Keisuke Onoda, Akira Matsuno","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolactin and growth hormone can acquire anti-angiogenic properties after undergoing proteolytic cleavage by Cathepsin D and bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1) into fragments known as vasoinhibins. Little is known about the effect of vasoinhibins on angiogenesis through the involvement of key cleavage enzymes Cathepsin D and BMP-1 in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs, formerly pituitary adenomas). The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of Cathepsin D and BMP-1 on angiogenesis in PitNETs compared with that of pro-angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). A total of 43 patients were enrolled in a retrospective analysis and 22 samples were suitable for RNA extraction, including 16 nonfunctional PitNETs and six somatotroph tumors. The mRNA and protein levels of Cathepsin D, BMP-1, VEGF, and FGF2 were compared with those of von Willebrand factor, which was assessed to determine the vascularization of PitNETs. Cathepsin D and FGF2 were significantly correlated with vascularization in PitNETs. Both Cathepsin D and FGF2 are highly involved in angiogenesis in PitNETs, although the effect of Cathepsin D as an anti-angiogenic factor is dominant over that of FGF2 as a pro-angiogenic factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/a9/ahc-055-203.PMC9840469.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum: An Advanced Detection System for <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization Using a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-based Molecular Beacon Probe [Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 55, 119-128 (2022)].","authors":"","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00110E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00110E","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00075.].</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/eb/ahc-055-213.PMC9840468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10563387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Doses of Bisphenol A Disrupt Neuronal Differentiation of Human Neuronal Stem/Progenitor Cells.","authors":"Kaori Kiso-Farnè, Takeshi Yaoi, Takahiro Fujimoto, Kyoko Itoh","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00090","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical. Human epidemiological studies have suggested that adverse neurobehavioral outcomes are induced by fetal exposure to BPA. The remarkable differences in the corticogenesis between human and agyrencephalic mammals are an increase in the intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) and a following increase in the subplate thickness. It is uncertain whether low doses of BPA (low-BPA) affect human early corticogenesis when basal progenitor cells (BPs) produce IPCs resulting in amplified neurogenesis. In this study, human-derived neuronal stem/progenitor cells were exposed to low-BPA or the vehicle only, and the resultant cell type-specific molecular changes and morphology were analyzed. We focused on stem cells immunoreactive for SOX2, BPs for NHLH1, and immature neurons for DCX. SOX2-positive cells significantly decreased at day in vitro (DIV) 4 and 7, whereas NHLH1-positive cells tended to be higher, while DCX-positive cells significantly increased at DIV7 when exposed to 100 nM of BPA compared with the vehicle. Morphologically DCX-positive cells showed a decrease in unipolar cells and an increase in multipolar cells when exposed to 100 nM of BPA compared with the vehicle. These results provide insights into the in vivo effect of low-BPA on neuronal differentiation in the human fetal corticogenesis.","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d3/42/ahc-055-193.PMC9840471.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9176486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Localization of Alogliptin, a DPP-4 Inhibitor, in Tissues of Normal and Type 2 Diabetes Model Rat.","authors":"Yutaro Yamamoto, Kanae Ura, Takuma Matsukawa, Tetsuya Saita, Masashi Shin","doi":"10.1267/ahc.22-00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.22-00032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the pharmacokinetics of alogliptin (AG) at the cell and tissue level in healthy Wistar rats and a type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model. Immunohistochemistry of the renal tissue in these rats, post 1 hr of AG administration, showed that the signal was observed in the glomeruli, proximal tubule S3 segments, distal tubules, collecting ducts, and only in the brush border of the epithelial cells of the proximal tubule S1, S2 segments. After 6 hr of AG administration, the staining intensity of the regions other than the S3 segments was considerably reduced in Wistar rats, with no change observed in GK rats. At 24 hr, the staining intensity was considerably reduced, even in GK rats; however, the staining of the S3 segment remained unaltered in both. Hepatocytes in zone III of the hepatic lobule were more intensely stained than those in zone I in Wistar rats at 1 hr. However, almost no staining was observed in the hepatocytes of GK rats at 1 hr. Complete loss of signal was observed in the hepatocytes of the Wistar rats after 6 hr. This study revealed that the pharmacokinetics of AG in GK rats are different from those in Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":6888,"journal":{"name":"Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/80/ahc-055-185.PMC9840470.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10661773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}