Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles and fabrication of PVA/CS-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite films for optoelectronic applications and electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Majeed Ali Habeeb, Jassim M. AL-Issawe, Anees A. Al-Hamzawi, Mamoun Fellah, Noureddine Elboughdiri","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17455-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17455-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol–gel auto-combustion technique and incorporated into a biopolymer matrix composed of PVA and chitosan to produce flexible nanocomposite films aimed at EMI shielding applications. The structural analysis confirmed a clear an increase in crystallite size and crystallinity of the NiFe₂O₄ nanophase, while inducing partial amorphization in the polymer matrix due to strong interfacial interactions. FTIR results confirmed strong interactions between Ni<sup>2</sup>⁺/Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺ ions and the polymer functional groups, leading to partial amorphization of the matrix. The incorporation of these nanofillers significantly enhanced the dielectric properties, electrical conductivity, and nonlinear optical performance of the nanocomposites. This study examined the optical, structural, morphological, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) properties of (PVA–Cs/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanocomposites. The optical microscope images illustrate a uniform distribution of blended nanoparticles, forming a cohesive network within the polymer matrix. The findings regarding the optical characteristics show that absorbance, absorption coefficient, refractive index, dielectric constant (both real and imaginary), and optical conductivity rise with increased concentrations of (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles. Simultaneously, the transmittance of the nanocomposites diminishes with an increase in nanoparticle concentration. The band gaps of (PVA–Cs/NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) polymer nanocomposites diminish from 4.56 to 3.63 eV for permitted transitions and from 4.21 to 3.26 eV for forbidden transitions when the concentration of (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles increases the results indicate that the dispersion energy (E<sub>d</sub>), average oscillator strength (S<sub>o</sub>), and single oscillator energy (E<sub>o</sub>) decrease progressively with increasing nanoparticle content. Conversely, the Urbach energy (E<sub>u</sub>), linear optical susceptibility (χ<sup>1</sup>), third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ<sup>3</sup>), nonlinear refractive index (n₂), oscillator wavelength parameter (λ<sub>o</sub>), static dielectric constant (ε<sub>o</sub>), and zero-frequency refractive index (n<sub>o</sub>) show a consistent upward trend with higher nanofiller concentrations. From an electrical standpoint, the dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), and electrical conductivity also increase as the nanoparticle loading rises, indicating enhanced polarization effects and improved charge carrier mobility within the nanocomposite matrix. The nanocomposite containing NiFe₂O₄ exhibited a total shielding effectiveness approaching ~ 65 dB, highlighting its capability to suppress electromagnetic pollution through absorption-dominated mechanisms. These results demonstrate that combining magnetic ferrite nanocrystals with a biodegradable polymer system offers a strategic route ","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Producing and tailoring the optical and radiation shielding features of SiC-SWCNTs-PVP-PVA polymeric nanocomposite for optoelectronic and radiation shielding applications","authors":"Sami S. Alharthi,&nbsp;Ali Badawi","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17361-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17361-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current work aims to produce a multifunctional polymeric nanocomposite of SiC-SWCNTs-PVP-PVA as a potential candidate for futuristic applications in optoelectronics and radiation shielding. SiC-SWCNTs-PVP-PVA polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs) were made using the solution-casting technique. Morphological and microstructural characterizations were performed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The UV–visible spectrophotometry technique was utilized to examine the optical features. The optical analysis reveals a vital enhancement in the optical properties of the SWCNTs-PVP-PVA medium due to SiC nanocrystals (NCs) loading. In particular, it exposes that SiC loading modifies the transmittance, optical bandgap, refractive index, dielectric constants, and optical conductivity of the SWCNTs-PVP-PVA medium. The transmittance of the SWCNTs-PVP-PVA medium declines from 80 to 18% through SiC NCs loading. The direct/indirect bandgap decreased to 4.35 eV and 4.54 eV (SiC PNCs) compared to 5.07 eV and 4.92 eV (pure medium), respectively. Nonlinear optical (NLO) constants, such as the first-order (χ⁽¹⁾), third-order (χ⁽³⁾) susceptibility, and refractive index (n₂) were obviously improved. The χ⁽³⁾ value increases to 3.1 × 10⁻¹¹ esu compared to 2.67 × 10⁻¹¹ esu for pure medium. Phy-X/PSD software was applied to assess the photon radiation shielding performance for all PNCs. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients (LAC, MAC), half- and tenth-value layer (HVL, TVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Z_eff.) of SWCNTs-PVP-PVA medium are also reinforced with SiC NCs loading. At 15 keV photon energy, LAC of the SWCNTs-PVP-PVA medium increases to 2.52019 cm⁻¹ (SiC PNCs) compared to 1.37951 cm⁻¹ (pure). The MFP decreases to 0.3968 cm (SiC PNCs) compared to 0.72489 cm (pure). Overall, the SiC-SWCNTs-PVP-PVA PNCs are potential candidates for optoelectronic and radiation shielding developments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved density and dielectric characteristics of Li2Mg3ZrO6-based ceramics by zirconium deficiency and LiF addition","authors":"Jinyang Li,&nbsp;Xiaolei Shi,&nbsp;Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17442-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17442-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to optimize the porous structure and impurity phase caused by lithium volatilization, zirconium deficiency and sintering agent addition were adopted simultaneously to prepare Li₂Mg₃Zr_0.94O₆—x LiF(x = 0w–5t.%) samples. The effects of LiF on structural composition, morphology, and dielectric characteristics of Li₂Mg₃Zr_0.94O₆ were studied. The results showed that modest LiF can reduce sintering temperature from 1375 to 900 °C. XRD and refinement analysis demonstrated that the samples retain a single rock salt structure within 2 wt.% ≤ x ≤ 4 wt.%. The SEM analysis confirmed that the porosity and grain size of Li₂Mg₃Zr_0.94O₆–x LiF samples gradually decreased with increasing LiF. The <i>ε</i>_<i>r</i> and <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing, which was closely related to the ionic polarization, phase composition, porosity and grain size. Particularly, Li₂Mg₃Zr_0.94O₆–4 wt.% LiF sample displayed excellent dielectric characteristics at 900 °C:<i> ε</i>_<i>r</i> = 13.66, <i>Q</i> × <i>f</i> = 99,800 GHz (10.06 GHZ) and <i>τ</i>_<i>f</i> =  − 27.65 ppm/°C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced microwave absorption in Sr-doped Ruddlesden–Popper lanthanum nickelates","authors":"Akbar Khan,&nbsp;Raz Muhammad,&nbsp;M. Arshad Farhan,&nbsp;Hafiz Zahid Shafi,&nbsp;Dandan Han,&nbsp;Bagh Hussain","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17378-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17378-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, Sr-doped Ruddlesden–Popper nickelates, La_2-<i>y</i>Sr_<i>y</i>NiO_4-δ (<i>y</i> = 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0), are investigated for microwave absorption applications. Tetragonal layered structures are confirmed by X-ray diffraction, while electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic hysteresis measurements reveal that moderate Sr substitution induces weak ferromagnetic behavior, whereas higher Sr contents suppress magnetic ordering, leading to paramagnetic- or diamagnetic-like characteristics. Among the investigated compositions, the y = 0.25 sample exhibits the best impedance matching (|Z_in/Z₀| ≈ 1), delivering an ultralow RL_min of − 89 dB at a matching thickness of 0.9 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 2.1 GHz in the X-band. In contrast, higher Sr concentrations are associated with reduced dielectric loss and weaker absorption, likely due to changes in defect structure and charge-transport pathways. These results demonstrate that controlled Sr doping effectively tunes electromagnetic dissipation in layered nickelates, highlighting La_2-<i>y</i>Sr_<i>y</i>NiO_4-δ as a promising candidate for microwave absorption applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and electrical conductivity of BaCe0.9Y0.1O2.95±δ@Ce0.9Y0.1O1.95±δ ceramics sintered from corresponding core–shell powders","authors":"Congcong Fang,&nbsp;Bin Meng,&nbsp;Qingqing Yang,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Shuo Wang,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Beier Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17427-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17427-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A two-step coprecipitation method was used to synthesize core–shell structured BaCe_0.9Y_0.1O_2.95±δ(BCY)@Ce_0.9Y_0.1O_1.95±δ(YDC) powders, and the corresponding BCY@YDC ceramics were prepared by sintering at 1600 °C for 10 h under an air atmosphere. XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses show that the molar ratio of BCY to YDC in BCY@YDC ceramics prepared from core–shell powders is 1: 1, and the phase distribution is uniform. Under a dry air atmosphere at 700 °C, the BCY@YDC ceramic achieves an electrical conductivity of 1.2 × 10^–2 S/cm, which is 1.3 and 1.8 times that of the mechanically mixed BCY-YDC counterpart and the single-phase YDC, respectively. Concurrently, the specific grain boundary electrical conductivity of the BCY@YDC ceramic in a dry air atmosphere is 1.3 times and 31.4 times that of BCY-YDC and YDC, respectively. This further demonstrates that this unique phase distribution, inherited from the core–shell powders, effectively enhances the electrical conductivity of CeO₂-based composite electrolytes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical, electrical, and hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-nitrophenol 4-aminobenzoic acid monohydrate single crystal","authors":"Vijayakumar Kannan,&nbsp;Purushothaman Periyasamy,&nbsp;Palani Periyasamy,&nbsp;Santhosh Sacratees,&nbsp;Saleem Haydullakhan","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17402-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17402-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The organic crystal 4-nitrophenol 4-aminobenzoic acid monohydrate (4NP4ABA) was synthesized by slow evaporation at room temperature. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction confirmed a monoclinic structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis with fingerprint plots provided quantitative insight into the intermolecular interactions influencing crystal packing. Surface quality was assessed using chemical etching, while FT-IR spectroscopy was used to identify functional groups. Tauc’s plot was used to determine the energy band gap, and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed strong green-yellow emission at 550 nm. Dielectric studies of 4NP4ABA showed a decrease in dielectric constant and loss with increasing frequency, whereas higher temperatures resulted in improved conductivity. The Cole–Cole impedance spectrum obtained from the crystal revealed that resistivity decreased with increasing temperature. Overall, 4NP4ABA exhibits favourable optical and electrical properties, making it a promising candidate for advanced materials applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and optical properties of (Co, Fe, Al, In, and Ni)-doped SnO2 thin films prepared by spin coating technique","authors":"C. Louardi,&nbsp;O. Zahot,&nbsp;F. Z. Kamli,&nbsp;L. Soussi,&nbsp;H. Akarni,&nbsp;M. Bouzidi,&nbsp;N. Benaissa,&nbsp;T. Garmim,&nbsp;A. El Bachiri,&nbsp;Z. El Jouad,&nbsp;A. Louardi","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17437-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17437-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The preparation and analysis of thin films of “tin dioxide” doped with various elements, including cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), and indium (In), were carried out using the spin-coating technique. This approach is approved for fine regulation of the layer depth, and the surface homogeneity of the layers, ensuring homogeneous and high-quality films, which were confirmed by the characterization tools. In this paper, the framework investigation of the samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing the crystalline structure, so, according to the obtained results a tetragonal rutile-type SnO₂ phase was observed for all samples, the consequence of doping on their crystallinity is clearly observed on the lattice parameter ‘<i>c</i>’ which varies from 2.78 to 4.745 Å, depending on the nature of the dopant. In parallel, optical characterization was conducted through UV–Visible spectroscopy, allowing the study of the absorption and transmission properties of light in the doped samples. This indicates the variation of the transmittance between 42 and 75%, as a function of the dopant type. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to examine the morphology of tin dioxide thin films, providing a detailed visualization of the surface of the doped thin films, including information on their morphology and uniformity. The results of this study offer an in-depth understanding of the structural, optical, and morphological properties of doped tin dioxide thin films, paving the way for their potential applications in optoelectronics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annealing impact on emission of InAs quantum dots with different confinement barriers in AlGaAs/GaAs structures","authors":"R. Cisneros Tamayo,&nbsp;T. V. Torchynska,&nbsp;C. M. Perez Rivas,&nbsp;G. Polupan,&nbsp;A. Stintz","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17421-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17421-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impact of different confinement barrier (CB) compositions on the emission of InAs quantum dots (QDs) in dot-in—a-well (DWELL) structures embedded in GaAs/Al_0.30Ga_0.70As heterostructures has been investigated both before and after thermal annealing. Two DWELL structures were compared: (1) a structure consisting of an In_0.15Ga_0.85As buffer layer and an Al_0.30Ga_0.70As CB layer; (2) a structure incorporating an In_0.25Ga_0.75As buffer layer and Al_0.40Ga_0.45In_0.15As CB layer. The QD structures were studied in their as-grown (AG) state (without annealing) and after annealing at 640 °C or 710 °C for 2 h in an Ar atmosphere. To investigate variations in the QDs and quantum well (QW) parameters, a combination of techniques was employed, including photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD). In addition, numerical simulations of the HR-XRD scans were performed, and PL measurements were conducted over a temperature range of 10–400 K. The advantages of structure 2 (Al_0.40Ga_0.45In_0.15As CB), compared to structure 1 (Al_0.30Ga_0.70As CB), after high-temperature treatments were demonstrated and analyzed. The results provide valuable insights for improving InAs QD structures for telecommunication and optoelectronic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-engineered ZnO:Tb3+ @ZnO:Eu3+ core–shell nanostructures: from controlled growth to high-performance luminescent picric acid sensing","authors":"Avleen Kour,&nbsp;Richa Singhaal,&nbsp;Nidhi Bhagat,&nbsp;Haq Nawaz Sheikh","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17304-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17304-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable detection of nitroaromatic contaminant such as picric acid (PA) is essential because of its extreme toxicity, stability and strong electron-withdrawing characteristics. In this study, ZnO nanostructures were prepared hydrothermally using three surfactants to tune their crystallinity, morphology and defect landscape. Among them, CTAB-mediated ZnO exhibited superior optical behavior and was chosen as the base host for Tb³⁺ incorporation. The Tb³⁺ doping generated distinct green emission by introducing efficient rare-earth radiative centers within the ZnO lattice. To further enhance luminescence and facilitate controlled energy transfer, a core–shell ZnO:Tb@ZnO:Eu architecture was developed, wherein the spatial separation of Tb³⁺ (core) and Eu³⁺ (shell) reduced non-radiative deactivation and strengthened Tb → Eu transfer while preserving ZnO defect-related emissive pathways. Structural and spectroscopic analyses verified the formation of a stable core–shell interface with improved multi-emissive output. The ZnO:Tb@ZnO:Eu system exhibited pronounced photoluminescence quenching in the presence of PA, driven by defect-assisted electron transfer to the analyte. Overall, the combination of surfactant-directed ZnO synthesis, rare-earth doping and core–shell engineering provides a sensitive and robust platform for luminescent detection of nitroaromatic species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147830013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sunlight driven photodegradation of industrial dyes utilizing Fe2O3@g-C3N4 photocatalyst synthesized by facile co-precipitation method","authors":"Nagesh Sarojini Devi,&nbsp;Sethuramachandran Thanikaikarasan,&nbsp;Leena Baskar,&nbsp;Rekha Pachaiappan,&nbsp;Kovendhan Manavalan,&nbsp;Perumal Veeramalai Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-17422-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-17422-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Fe₂O₃@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was successfully synthesized through a simple and cost-effective co-precipitation method followed by calcination. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were systematically investigated. The crystallite size was estimated to be around ~ 29 nm, while the particle size was found to be approximately 35 nm, as determined by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). The band gap energy of the Fe₂O₃@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was calculated to be about 2.43 eV using UV-Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). Moreover, the successful formation of the g-C₃N₄-based composite was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which provided information about the valence states and binding energies of the elements. The photocatalytic performance of the Fe₂O₃@g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite under sunlight irradiation was examined using different dye pollutants. The degradation efficiencies were observed to be approximately 89% for methylene blue (MB) and 79% for Congo red (CR). This enhanced photocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the formation of an Fe₂O₃@g-C₃N₄ heterostructure with well-aligned energy levels, which promotes effective separation and migration of photo-induced charge carriers. Consequently, the recombination of electrons and holes is minimized, resulting in improved degradation efficiency of the dyes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}