Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Pd2+ and Sn4+ co-doping ZnO nanoflakes toward high-performing Schottky diode based on the generation of intermediate bands within the energy gap","authors":"Elsayed Elgazzar","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13398-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13398-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pd:Sn/ZnO nanohybrid was prepared by chemical co-precipitation route and identified using XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques. The microstructure analysis emphasized the polycrystalline nature in which Pd and Sn ions were substituted inside ZnO framework to form the nanocomposite. The surface morphology was appeared in 2D nanoflakes with large specific surface area. The optical parameters including <i>E</i>_g, <i>n</i>, and <i>k</i> were deduced from T% and R% spectra through wavelength range 300–1400 nm. The thin film showed strong optical absorption inside the UV region with a value of <i>E</i>_g = 3.10 eV. The Ag/Pd:Sn/ZnO/p-Si/Al Schottky diode was fabricated by thermal evaporation technique, and its electronic and photodetector properties were investigated from I–V and C–V measurements. The fabricated device exhibited non-ideal behavior with high rectification ratio RR = 935 and a relatively small <i>R</i>_s lies between 2365 and 2755 Ω. Under illumination impacts, the photodiode exhibited high photosensitivity and responsivity attributed to the large photo-induced charge carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, growth and characterization of nonlinear optical crystal: propylenediamine picrate (PDP) single crystals","authors":"R. Raja, S. Seshadri, V. Santhanam","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13438-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13438-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, slow evaporation technique is used for the growth of organic single crystal of Propylenediamine Picrate (PDP) and this research investigates crystallographic, experimental, and theoretical density functional theory (DFT) of PDP. The crystal structure was found from single-crystal XRD analysis. Spectral analyses, including UV–Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, revealed a bandgap energy of 3.505 eV and identified key functional groups. The SHG efficiency of the crystal is measured to study the NLO property of the crystal. The (SHG) efficiency was measured as 0.53 that of KDP, confirming the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Thermal stability was evaluated using TG/DTA, and the crystal’s mechanical hardness was measured as 2.753 via Vickers microhardness testing. Dielectric properties, including loss, permittivity, and AC conductivity, were examined at varying temperatures. The first-order hyperpolarizability (β0) and related properties (β, α0, and Δα) of PDP is calculated usingB3LYP/6-31G (d,p) method on the finite field approach. The study reveals that the transfer of charge occurs within these molecules through the analysis of the molecular structure of PDP, performed using the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and calculated HOMO and LUMO energies. The study confirms PDP’s potential in optoelectronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sappanwood-derived green luminescent carbon dots for enhancing performance of dye-sensitized solar cell","authors":"Osama Madkhali","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13454-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13454-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon dots (CD) are versatile nanomaterials which exhibit unique properties depending on their source of synthesis. For instance, CD synthesized from chemical sources require passivation agents, while those derived from natural sources are self-passivated. These CD possess vibrant luminescence offering potential applications across various scientific and engineering domains. In this investigation, Brazilwood (sappanwood) is being used to synthesize CD via a hydrothermal process. The resultant CD demonstrated outstanding optical properties with a fluorescence lifetime of 3.52 ns and an average particle size of 4.25 nm. Utilizing these CD as co-sensitizers in a dye-sensitized solar cell, alongside N719 dye, increased efficiency by more than tenfold (4.16%) compared to the device solely sensitized with CD (0.38%). Such CD can be used for developing better efficient devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of electrical and mechanical properties of Pandanus Atrocarpus flexible organic-based substrate for microwave communication in ISM applications","authors":"Norlina Mohd Zain, Mohd Aziz Aris, Hajar Ja’afar, Robi’atun Adayiah Awang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13453-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13453-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent technologies, flexible substrates have become essential to provide flexibility in wearable or flexible devices. Most of the previous research that focused on organic-based substrates had developed a solid structure that was inflexible. This paper proposes, analyzes, and fabricates a new flexible organic-based substrate from Pandanus atrocarpus (PA) for microwave0020communication in ISM applications. The electrical and mechanical properties of PA as a new flexible organic-based substrate have been investigated. The five samples were prepared based on the different compositions between PA and PDMS as bonding resin which are (0 wt to 40 wt%) percentage by weight of PA filler contents by mixing PDMS, each with a thickness of 2 mm. In terms of dielectric properties, the PA flexible organic-based substrates showed increases in dielectric constant values from 2.268 (0 wt%) to 2.5681 (40 wt%) and loss tangent values from 0.0142 (0 wt%) to 0.0538 (40 wt%) at 2.45 GHz frequency. However, the mechanical properties results showed increases in tensile strength from 1.25 to 2.04 MPa and tensile modulus from 0.75 to 18.25 MPa when increasing the PA filler content (0 to 40 wt%). Therefore, the PA flexible organic-based substrate examined in this study exhibits electrical and mechanical properties features that indicate its potential suitability for microwave communication in ISM applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and characterization of semi-organic, third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) phthalic acid potassium chloride (PAPC) single crystals","authors":"R. Natarajan, M. Meena, M. Shalini, B. Samuel Ebinezer, R. S. Sundararajan, T. C. Sabari Girisun","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13348-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13348-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The utilization of slow evaporation solutions has proven to be an effective method for obtaining single crystals of semi-organic NLO from an aqueous solution. Throughout the course of this experiment, the ambient temperature was employed. Information about the crystal’s structure was revealed through single-crystal XRD, showing that it was (PAPC) crystallized in a cubic system with space group F. Through the utilization of FT-IR analysis, the arrangement of functional groups within the developed crystal was identified. A 223 nm cut-off wavelength was determined through UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy. Apart from linear optical properties like the extinction coefficient (K) and reflectance (R), various geometrical aspects were analyzed in this investigation. Furthermore, the crystal exhibited a significant degree of optical transparency. The analysis of the fluorescence (FL) spectrum has been employed to study the behavior of PAPC luminescence. Different frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 200 kHz have been employed to investigate the dielectric characteristics of PAPC. The threshold value for laser-induced damage was discovered to be significantly higher when compared to KDP and other organic materials. The SEM was utilized to examine the surface morphology of the crystal for a more comprehensive understanding of its appearance. EDAX analysis was performed on the PAPC crystal to identify the elemental composition within. The electrical characteristics were determined through impedance analysis. We employed a Vickers microhardness tester to determine the brittleness index (B_i), along with the hardness (H_v), Meyer’s index (<i>n</i>), yield strength (σ_y), fracture toughness (K_c), and elastic stiffness constant (C₁₁). The investigation of the crystal’s third-order nonlinear optical properties was conducted utilizing the Z-scan method with a nano-pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The material displays either genuine two-photon absorption or an excited-state absorption. PAPC emerges as a potential candidate for optical limiting devices owing to its elevated nonlinear absorption coefficient (0.96 × 10^–10 m/W) and reduced onset optical limiting threshold (2.14 × 10¹² W/m²).</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and energy storage properties of LiTa0.97Nb0.03O3 modulated (Ba0.5Na0.5)0.7Ba0.3TiO3-based ceramics","authors":"Chen Chen, Qiyi Yin, Fei Lin, Zhongrui Du, Fan Si, Yulin Zhang, Mengjun Zhang, Xiangyu Zhu, Hui Zhang, Hao Zu, Kunhong Hu, Fulin Zhang, Zhifeng Li, Hongqian Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13456-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13456-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lead-free dielectric energy storage ceramics have attracted much attention in the fields of medicine, electronic components and military because of their ultra-high efficiency and high energy storage density. In this study, (1-<i>x</i>)(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)_0.7Ba_0.3TiO₃-<i>x</i>LiTa_0.97Nb_0.03O₃ (BNBT-<i>x</i>LTN) lead-free relaxation energy storage ceramics have been prepared by solid-phase high-temperature sintering.XRD analysis confirms that all the components of BNBT-<i>x</i>LTN ceramics are in a single-phase chalcocite structure, and no heterogeneous phases are detected. With the increase of LTN doping, the relaxation and energy storage properties of the ceramics were significantly improved, while the microscopic morphology showed a dense state with uniform particle size and no pores, which improved the breakdown strength (<i>E</i>_b) of the ceramics. Analysis of the experimental results 0p showed that the LTN-doped ceramics displayed finer electric hysteresis return lines (<i>P-E</i>) as compared to the undoped BNBT (<i>x</i> = 0).The electrical performance of the ceramics is significantly enhanced at 30 kV/mm field strength when LTN doping <i>x</i> = 0.10. Its recoverable energy storage density is as high as <i>W</i>_rec = 4.95 J/cm³ and <i>η</i> = 93.2% with ultra-high energy storage efficiency. The ceramic also has an ultra-short discharge time of <i>t</i>_0.9 = 0.38 μs. This study demonstrates the great potential of this ceramic system for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of oxidation way on microstructure and oxides distribution of Ag–SnO2Sb2O3 materials","authors":"Chunping Wu, Lejian Yu, Chengwei Zhao, Qiong Wu, Runzhang Huang, Meng Yuan, Guofu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13451-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13451-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ag–SnO₂Sb₂O₃ materials prepared by internal oxidation technology have excellent electrical properties. Here Ag–SnO₂Sb₂O₃ materials are fabricated by four kinds of different oxidation ways. Influence of oxidation way on microstructure and oxides distribution is investigated and the formation mechanism of Ag–SnO₂Sb₂O₃ materials is discussed. The oxidation effect of billet oxidation in air + Ag₂O is the best and the oxides distribution is the most uniform and the physical properties (relative density: 97.2%, hardness: 57 Hv03 and electrical conductivity: 12.3 Ms/m) are also the best in the four kinds of oxidation ways.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth behavior and kinetics of interfacial IMC for ZnSnCuNiAl/Cu solder joints subjected to isothermal aging","authors":"Wenjing Chen, Xiaowu Hu, Jiancheng Tang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13436-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13436-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zn–30Sn–2Cu–0.5Ni–0.2Al (ZnSnCuNiAl) solder joints were isothermally aged in the temperature range of 100–170 °C for up to 360 h, and the growth behavior and kinetics of the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed between the ZnSnCuNiAl solder and Cu substrate during the aging process were investigated. The results showed that the interfacial reaction between the liquid solder and the solid Cu substrate caused the formation of IMC layers, which were composed of a thin irregular scallop-shaped <i>ε</i>-CuZn₅ layer and a thick <i>γ</i>-Cu₅Zn₈ layer. With the increase in aging temperature and time, the serrated <i>ε</i>-CuZn₅ layer gradually peeled off from the IMC interface and entered the solder due to thermal mismatch induced cracks between <i>ε</i>-CuZn₅ and <i>γ</i>-Cu₅Zn₈. The growth of the IMC layer at the solder joint interface was controlled by the bulk diffusion, and its thickness had a linear relationship with the square root of the aging time. Diffusion coefficients and activation energy for the interfacial Cu₅Zn₈ IMC layer were plotted as a function of aging temperature, and the values were calculated by the Arrhenius equation. The calculated activation energy of the Cu₅Zn₈ IMC layer was 77.78 kJ/mol, which was higher than that of the similar IMC layer in other lead-free solder joints, indicating a slower growth rate of the IMC layer between the solder and substrate during aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In2O3/CuO heterostructure derived from indium-copper bimetallic metal–organic frameworks to activate peroxymonosulfate for rapid degradation of tinidazole","authors":"Zhenliang Li, Zhongrui Zhang, Shaoying Yuan, Shuang Liu, Haoran Guo, Xiaoni Qi","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13431-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13431-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A heterojunction photocatalyst In₂O₃/CuO-2 was prepared through hydrothermal method and pyrolysis in this work. Tinidazole (TNZ) was used as target pollutants to evaluate the catalytic performance of In₂O₃/CuO-2 with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidant. 30 mg of In₂O₃/CuO-2 with 1.0 mmol PMS could remove 98.9% TNZ (20 mg/L) in 20 min. The effects on the degradation efficiency of TNZ were investigated. Environmental application value of In₂O₃/CuO-2 was evaluated, which included the effects of reusability, water matric, inorganic ions, and organic contaminant mixture on catalytic degradation. It was discovered that •OH, O₂^•−, ¹O₂, and SO₄^•− were the major ROSs during the degradation process. This work might prove that the heterojunction In₂O₃/CuO-2 exhibited efficient degradation performance for environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of samarium oxide addition on the structural, thermal, and optical properties and photoluminescence of lithium borate glass","authors":"Nada N. Al-Refaey, A. Abd El-Maboud, A. Abdelghany, I. Kashif","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13388-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13388-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The samples were prepared in compliance with the form 33 Li_<b>2</b>O–66 B_<b>2</b>O_<b>3</b>—(1-x) AgF—x Sm_<b>2</b>O_<b>3</b>, where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75. Powdered samples were converted to a glassy state via melting and quenching. The glassiness of the prepared samples was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). From the absorption spectra of the prepared glass samples, the band gap in the optical spectrum changed slightly in the range of 3.45, whereas the Urbach energy decreased from 0.32 to 0.267 eV. The fluctuations of the optical band gap and Urbach energy can be attributed to variations in the glass structure. Sm3 + emitted intense reddish-orange light under blue and UV light excitation. There are six excitation bands in the Sm^<b>3+</b> excitation spectrum situated in the blue and UV regions, peaking at 361.7, 374, 400, 417, 462, and 475 nm, which are attributed to the transitions from ^<b>6</b>H_<b>5/2</b> to ^<b>4</b>D_<b>3/2</b>, ^<b>6</b>P_<b>7/2</b>, ^<b>6</b>P_<b>3/2</b>, ^<b>6</b>P_<b>5/2</b>, ^<b>4</b>I_<b>13/2</b>, and ^<b>4</b>I_<b>11/2</b> respectively. The transition from ^<b>6</b>H_<b>5/2</b> to ^<b>6</b>P_<b>3/2</b> had the highest intensity and was associated with a peak at 400 nm. The bright yellow, reddish-orange, and red emission bands of the Sm^<b>3+</b> ions in the oxide glasses are related to the ^<b>4</b>G_<b>5/2</b> → ^<b>6</b>H_<b>5/2</b>, ^<b>4</b>G_<b>5/2</b> → ^<b>6</b>H_<b>7/2</b>, and ^<b>4</b>G_<b>5/2</b> → ^<b>6</b>H_<b>9/2</b> emission transitions, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}