Biofilm最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between capsule production and biofilm formation by Mannheimia haemolytica, and establishment of a poly-species biofilm with other Pasteurellaceae","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mannheimia haemolytica</em> is one of the bacterial agents responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The capability of <em>M. haemolytica</em> to form a biofilm may contribute to the development of chronic BRD infection by making the bacteria more resistant to host innate immunity and antibiotics. To improve therapy and prevent BRD, a greater understanding of the association between <em>M. haemolytica</em> surface components and biofilm formation is needed. <em>M. haemolytica</em> strain 619 (wild-type) made a poorly adherent, low-biomass biofilm. To examine the relationship between capsule and biofilm formation, a capsule-deficient mutant of wild-type <em>M. haemolytica</em> was obtained following mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate to obtain mutant E09. Loss of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) in mutant E09 was supported by transmission electron microscopy and Maneval's staining. Mutant E09 attached to polyvinyl chloride plates more effectively, and produced a significantly denser and more uniform biofilm than the wild-type, as determined by crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy with COMSTAT analysis. The biofilm matrix of E09 contained predominately protein and significantly more eDNA than the wild-type, but not a distinct exopolysaccharide. Furthermore, treatment with DNase I significantly reduced the biofilm content of both the wild-type and E09 mutant. DNA sequencing of E09 showed that a point mutation occurred in the capsule biosynthesis gene <em>wecB</em>. The complementation of <em>wecB in trans</em> in mutant E09 successfully restored CPS production and reduced bacterial attachment/biofilm to levels similar to that of the wild-type. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization microscopy showed that <em>M. haemolytica</em> formed a poly-microbial biofilm with <em>Histophilus somni</em> and <em>Pasteurella multocida</em>. Overall, CPS production by <em>M. haemolytica</em> was inversely correlated with biofilm formation, the integrity of which required eDNA. A poly-microbial biofilm was readily formed between <em>M. haemolytica</em>, <em>H. somni</em>, and <em>P. multocida</em>, suggesting a mutualistic or synergistic interaction that may benefit bacterial colonization of the bovine respiratory tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella biofilm formation diminishes bacterial proliferation in the C. elegans intestine","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> serovars are a significant global cause of foodborne infections, owing their transmission success to the formation of biofilms. While the role of these biofilms in <em>Salmonella</em>'s persistence outside the host is well understood, their significance during infection remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of <em>Salmonella</em> biofilm formation on host colonization and virulence using the nematode model <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. This infection model enables us to isolate the effect of biofilm formation on gut colonization and proliferation, as no gut microbiome is present and <em>Salmonella</em> cannot invade the intestinal tissue of the nematode. We show that a biofilm-deficient Δ<em>csgD</em> mutant enhances gut proliferation compared to the wild-type strain, while the pathogen's virulence, the host's immune signaling pathways, and host survival remain unaffected. Hence, our work suggests that biofilm formation does not significantly contribute to <em>Salmonella</em> infection in <em>C. elegans.</em> However, complementary assays in higher-order <em>in vivo</em> models are required to further characterize the role of biofilm formation during infection and to take into account the impact of biofilm formation on competition with gut microbiome and epithelial invasion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic combinations of novel polymyxins and rifampicin with improved eradication of colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100224","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance coupled with a lack of new antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria emphasize the imperative for novel therapeutic strategies. Colistin-resistant &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; constitutes a challenge, where conventional treatment options lack efficacy, in particular for biofilm-associated infections. Previously, synergy of colistin with other antibiotics was explored as an avenue for the treatment of colistin-resistant infections, and recently we reported our efforts towards colistin analogs capable of combating planktonic colistin-resistant strains.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aim of the present study was to investigate whether analogs of polymyxin B with improved potency in wild-type and moderate resistant Gram-negative pathogens would retain similarly increased activity in highly colistin-resistant clinical &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; isolates (in planktonic and biofilm growth) when applied alone and in combination with rifampicin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; study, we tested three analogs of polymyxin B prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations via the broth microdilution method. Interactions between two antimicrobials was quantified in a checkerboard broth microdilution assay by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index for each combination. For testing of antibiofilm activity a previously described model with alginate beads encapsulating a biofilm culture was applied. The minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) were evaluated, and the fractional biofilm eradication concentration indices were calculated. Three recently identified colistin analogs (CEP932, CEP936 and CEP938) were tested against three isogenic pairs of colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; clinical isolates as well as the reference strain PAO1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;For bacteria in planktonic growth CEP938 retained almost full potency in all three resistant isolates, while exhibiting similar activity as colistin in susceptible isolates. Against biofilms CEP938 was slightly more potent against PAO1 as compared to colistin, while also retaining activity against a biofilm of the colistin-resistant strain 41,782/98. Next, synergy between CEP938 and the antibiotic rifampicin was explored. Interestingly, CEP938 did not exhibit synergy with rifampicin in planktonic cultures. Importantly, for colistin-resistant biofilms the CEP938-rifampicin combination demonstrated activity superior to that found for the colistin-rifampicin combination.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present study showed &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; efficacy of CEP938 against both colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; biofilms as well as an ability of CEP938 to synergize with rifa","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of Pseudomonas oleovorans biofilms to disinfectants commonly used in endoscope reprocessing?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reprocessing failure of endoscopes may result in outbreaks of serious infections in vulnerable patients caused by Gram-negative bacteria. <em>P. oleovorans</em> (PSOL) was detected in 6 automated endoscope washer-disinfectors (AEWDs) in two reprocessing units during routine check and probing for quality control. Ten endoscopes were probed yielding the growth of PSOL. Two different PSOL strains were identified by genotyping. Biofilms and planktonic cells of both PSOL (N = 2) and of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> PAO1 as reference were incubated with increased disinfectant concentrations modelling the disinfection process in the AEWD. PSOL in planktonic form was eradicated by GLUT1% (1 g/100 g) at 55 °C. GLUT at a higher concentration of 3 % resulted in the eradication of PSOL biofilms at 25 °C. The persistent growth of PSOL in quality controls indicates inadequate disinfection. Increase of the concentration of GLUT would be an option to eradicate PSOL. However, increasing the concentration of GLUT may lead to corrosion of the sensible instruments and toxic side-effects in patients. Further investigation on disinfectant type and concentration, the reservoir of contamination and defining additional disinfection steps are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus colonizing the skin microbiota of adults with severe atopic dermatitis exhibits genomic diversity and convergence in biofilm traits","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder exacerbated by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> colonization. The specific factors that drive <em>S. aureus</em> overgrowth and persistence in AD remain poorly understood. This study analyzed skin barrier functions and microbiome diversity in lesional (LE) and non-lesional (NL) forearm sites of individuals with severe AD compared to healthy control subjects (HS). Notable differences were found in transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, and microbiome composition. <em>Cutibacterium</em> was more prevalent in HS, while <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>S. lugdunensis</em> were predominantly found in AD LE skin. The results highlighted that microbial balance depends on inter-species competition. Specifically, network analysis at the genus level demonstrated that overall bacterial correlations were higher in HS, indicating a more stable microbial community. Notably, network analysis at the species level revealed that <em>S. aureus</em> engaged in competitive interactions in NL and LE but not in HS. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed considerable genetic diversity among <em>S. aureus</em> strains from AD. Despite this variability, the isolates exhibited convergence in key phenotypic traits such as adhesion and biofilm formation, which are crucial for microbial persistence. These common phenotypes suggest an adaptive evolution, driven by competition in the AD skin microenvironment, of <em>S. aureus</em> and underscoring the interplay between genetic diversity and phenotypic convergence in microbial adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm in inflammatory breast cancer and its treatment strategies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial biofilms represent a significant challenge in both clinical and industrial settings because of their robust nature and resistance to antimicrobials. Biofilms are formed by microorganisms that produce an exopolysaccharide matrix, protecting function and supporting for nutrients. Among the various bacterial species capable of forming biofilms, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, a commensal organism found on human skin and mucous membranes, has emerged as a prominent opportunistic pathogen, when introduced into the body via medical devices, such as catheters, prosthetic joints, and heart valves. The formation of biofilms by <em>S. epidermidis</em> on these surfaces facilitates colonization and provides protection against host immune responses and antibiotic therapies, leading to persistent and difficult-to-treat infections.</p><p>The possible involvement of biofilms for breast oncogenesis has recently created the curiosity. This paper therefore delves into <em>S. epidermidis</em> biofilm involvement in breast cancer. <em>S. epidermidis</em> biofilms can create a sustained inflammatory environment through their metabolites and can break DNA in breast tissue, promoting cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and genetic instability.</p><p>Preventing biofilm formation primarily involves preventing bacterial proliferation using prophylactic measures and sterilization of medical devices and equipment. In cancer treatment, common modalities include chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, alkylating agents, and various anticancer drugs. Understanding the relationship between anticancer drugs and bacterial biofilms is crucial, especially for those undergoing cancer treatment who may be at increased risk of bacterial infections, for improving patient outcomes. By elucidating these interactions, strategies to prevent or disrupt biofilm formation, thereby reducing the incidence of infections associated with medical devices and implants, can be identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590207524000455/pdfft?md5=1fb371c428a577224608a5bd3dd4959e&pid=1-s2.0-S2590207524000455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time acid production and extracellular matrix formation in mature biofilms of three Streptococcus mutans strains with special reference to xylitol","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acidogenicity and production of an extracellular matrix (ECM) are important virulence factors for the dental caries-associated bacteria, such as <em>Streptococcus mutans,</em> that live in biofilms on tooth surface. The ECM protects the bacteria from the flushing and buffering effects of saliva resulting in highly acidic microenvironments inside the biofilm.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In this <em>in vitro</em> study, we applied real-time assays to follow biofilm formation and pH decrease in a growth medium and saliva by three <em>S. mutans</em> strains, as well as acid neutralization inside the mature biofilm. Results were compared with the biofilm composition. Effects of a non-fermentable polyol, xylitol, on acid production and acid neutralization in mature biofilms were evaluated by real-time pH measurements and confocal microscopy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Combination of real-time pH measurements with biofilm accumulation assays revealed growth media dependent differences in the pH decrease and biofilm accumulation, as well as strain differences in acid production and biofilm formation but not in the buffer diffusion through ECM. The presence of xylitol reduced the pH drop during biofilm formation of all strains. In addition, with strain Ingbritt xylitol reduced the amount of ECM in biofilm, which increased the rate of acid neutralization inside the biofilm after buffer exposure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results stress the importance of biofilm matrix in creating the acidic environment inside a <em>S. mutans</em> biofilm, especially in the presence of saliva. In addition, our results suggest a novel mechanism of xylitol action. The observed increase in the permeability of the <em>S. mutans</em> ECM after xylitol exposure may allow acid-neutralizing saliva to reach deeper layer of the biofilms and thus, in part, explain previous clinical observations of reduced plaque acidogenicity after frequent xylitol use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590207524000443/pdfft?md5=ac06536303e51d97c8570d3c631aec0d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590207524000443-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cyanobacterial sigma factor F controls biofilm-promoting genes through intra- and intercellular pathways","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyanobacteria frequently constitute integral components of microbial communities known as phototrophic biofilms, which are widespread in various environments. Moreover, assemblages of these organisms, which serve as an expression platform, simplify harvesting the biomass, thereby holding significant industrial relevance. Previous studies of the model cyanobacterium <em>Synechococcus elongatus</em> PCC 7942 revealed that its planktonic growth habit results from a biofilm-suppression mechanism that depends on an extracellular inhibitor, an observation that opens the door to investigating cyanobacterial intercellular communication. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA polymerase sigma factor SigF1, is required for this biofilm-suppression mechanism whereas the <em>S. elongatus</em> paralog SigF2 is not involved in biofilm regulation. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses identified distinct regulons under the control of each of these sigma factors. <em>sigF1</em> inactivation substantially lowers transcription of genes that code for the primary pilus subunit and consequently prevents pilus assembly. Moreover, additional data demonstrate absence of the biofilm inhibitor from conditioned medium of the <em>sigF1</em> mutant, further validating involvement of the pilus assembly complex in secretion of the biofilm inhibitor. Consequently, expression is significantly upregulated for the <em>ebfG</em>-operon that encodes matrix components and the genes that encode the corresponding secretion system, which are repressed by the biofilm inhibitor in the wild type. Thus, this study uncovers a basic regulatory component of cyanobacterial intercellular communication, a field that is in its infancy. Elevated expression of biofilm-promoting genes in a <em>sigF1</em> mutant supports an additional layer of regulation by SigF1 that operates via an intracellular mechanism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259020752400042X/pdfft?md5=fa75a18dbe3dd11b375e5e81acf76dee&pid=1-s2.0-S259020752400042X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of flavonoids against Candida albicans: Focus on 3,2′-dihydroxyflavone as a potential therapeutic agent","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective management of microbial biofilms holds significance within food and medical environments. <em>Candida albicans</em>, an opportunistic fungus, forms mucosal biofilms closely linked to candidiasis and drug-resistant infections due to their drug tolerance. Morphologic change from yeast to filamentous cells is a key virulence factor and a prerequisite for biofilm development. This study investigated the anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities of 20 flavonoids against <em>C. albicans</em>. With their known antioxidant capabilities, flavonoids hold promise in combating infections associated with biofilms. Among them, flavone and its derivatives exhibited moderate antifungal activity, 3,2′-dihydroxyflavone (3,2′-DHF) at 1 μg/mL exhibited strong antibiofilm activity (MIC 50 μg/mL). In addition, 3,2′-DHF dramatically inhibited cell aggregation and germ tube/hyphae formation. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that flavone and 3,2′-DHF behaved differently, as 3,2′-DHF downregulated the expressions of germ tube/hyphae-forming and biofilm-related genes (<em>ECE1</em>, <em>HWP1</em>, <em>TEC1,</em> and <em>UME6</em>) but upregulated the biofilm/hyphal regulators (<em>CHK1</em>, <em>IFD6</em>, <em>UCF1</em>, and <em>YWP1</em>). Tests evaluating toxicity with plant and nematode models revealed that flavone and 3,2′-DHF exhibited mild toxicity. Current results indicate that hydroxylated flavone derivatives can enhance anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities and provide a source of potential anti-fungal agents against drug-resistant <em>C. albicans</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590207524000431/pdfft?md5=c05fe939b23eef0aaca689178ea4cb28&pid=1-s2.0-S2590207524000431-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial extracellular vesicle: A non-negligible component in biofilm life cycle and challenges in biofilm treatments","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial biofilms, especially those formed by pathogens, have been increasingly impacting human health. Bacterial extracellular vesicle (bEV), a kind of spherical membranous structure released by bacteria, has not only been reported to be a component of the biofilm matrix but also plays a non-negligible role in the biofilm life cycle. Nevertheless, a comprehensive overview of the bEVs functions in biofilms remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the biogenesis and distinctive features characterizing bEVs, and consolidate the current literature on their functions and proposed mechanisms in the biofilm life cycle. Furthermore, we emphasize the formidable challenges associated with vesicle interference in biofilm treatments. The primary objective of this review is to raise awareness regarding the functions of bEVs in the biofilm life cycle and lay the groundwork for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control or even eliminate bacterial biofilms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590207524000418/pdfft?md5=76e0c6806bd1b7fe3c1ac4f1e48af347&pid=1-s2.0-S2590207524000418-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}