Biofilm最新文献

{"title":"Biofilm morphology and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on poly-D,L-lactide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PDLLA-PEG) coated titanium","authors":"Adam Benedict Turner ,&nbsp;David Zermeño-Pérez ,&nbsp;Margaritha M. Mysior ,&nbsp;Paula Milena Giraldo-Osorno ,&nbsp;Begoña García ,&nbsp;Elizabeth O'Gorman ,&nbsp;Shafik Oubihi ,&nbsp;Jeremy C. Simpson ,&nbsp;Iñigo Lasa ,&nbsp;Tadhg Ó Cróinín ,&nbsp;Margarita Trobos","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable polymeric coatings are being explored as a preventive strategy for orthopaedic device-related infection. In this study, titanium surfaces (Ti) were coated with poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA, (P)), polyethylene-glycol poly-D,L-lactide <strong>(</strong>PEGylated-PDLLA, (PP20)), or multi-layered PEGylated-PDLLA (M), with or without 1 % silver sulfadiazine. The aim was to evaluate their cytocompatibility, resistance to <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> biofilm formation, and their potential to enhance the susceptibility of any biofilm formed to antibiotics. Using automated high-content screening confocal microscopy, biofilm formation of a clinical methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) isolate expressing GFP was quantified, along with isogenic mutants that were unable to form polysaccharidic or proteinaceous biofilm matrices. The results showed that PEGylated-PDLLA coatings exhibited significant antibiofilm properties, with M showing the highest effect. This inhibitory effect was stronger in <em>S. aureus</em> biofilms with a matrix composed of proteins compared to those with an exopolysaccharide (PIA) biofilm matrix. Our data suggest that the antibiofilm effect may have been due to (i) inhibition of the initial attachment through microbial surface components recognising adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), since PEG reduces protein surface adsorption via surface hydration layer and steric repulsion; and (ii) mechanical disaggregation and dispersal of microcolonies due to the bioresorbable/degradable nature of the polymers, which undergo hydration and hydrolysis over time. The disruption of biofilm morphology by the PDLLA-PEG co-polymers increased <em>S. aureus</em> susceptibility to antibiotics like rifampicin and fusidic acid. Adding 1 % AgSD provided additional early bactericidal effects on both biofilm and planktonic <em>S. aureus</em>. Additionally, the coatings were cytocompatible with immune cells, indicating their potential to enhance bacterial clearance and reduce bacterial colonisation of titanium-based orthopaedic biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100228"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale screening identifies enzyme combinations that remove in situ grown oral biofilm","authors":"Signe Maria Nielsen ,&nbsp;Karina Kambourakis Johnsen ,&nbsp;Lea Benedicte Skov Hansen ,&nbsp;Pernille Dukanovic Rikvold ,&nbsp;Andreas Møllebjerg ,&nbsp;Lorena Gonzalez Palmén ,&nbsp;Thomas Durhuus ,&nbsp;Sebastian Schlafer ,&nbsp;Rikke Louise Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteria in the oral cavity are responsible for the development of dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the oral microbiome also benefits human health. Many oral care products on the market are antimicrobial, killing a large part of the oral microbiome but without removing the disease-causing biofilm. Instead, non-biocidal matrix-degrading enzymes may be used to selectively remove biofilm without harming the overall microbiome.</div><div>The challenge of using enzymes to degrade biofilms is to match the narrow specificity of enzymes with the large structural diversity of extracellular polymeric substances that hold the biofilm together. In this study, we therefore perform a large-scale screening of single and multi-enzyme formulations to identify combinations of enzymes that most effectively remove dental biofilm.</div><div>We tested &gt;400 different treatment modalities using 44 different enzymes in combinations with up to six enzymes in each formulation, on <em>in vitro</em> biofilms inoculated with human saliva. Mutanase was the only enzyme capable of removing biofilm on its own. Multi-enzyme formulations removed up to 69 % of the biofilm volume, and the most effective formulations all contained mutanase. We shortlisted 10 enzyme formulations to investigate their efficacy against biofilms formed on glass slabs on dental splints worn by 9 different test subjects. Three of the ten formulations removed more than 50 % of the biofilm volume. If optimal enzyme concentration and exposure time can be reached <em>in vivo</em>, these enzyme combinations have potential to be used in novel non-biocidal oral care products for dental biofilm control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic, conductive nanoparticles as building blocks for steerable micropillar-structured anodic biofilms","authors":"René Wurst,&nbsp;Edina Klein,&nbsp;Johannes Gescher","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In bioelectrochemical systems (BES), biofilm formation and architecture are of crucial importance, especially for flow-through applications. The interface between electroactive microorganisms and the electrode surface plays an important and often limiting role, as the available surface area influences current generation, especially for poor biofilm forming organisms. To overcome the limitation of the available electrode surface, nanoparticles (NPs) with a magnetic iron core and a conductive, hydrophobic carbon shell were used as building blocks to form conductive, magnetic micropillars on the anode surface. The formation of this dynamic three-dimensional electrode architecture was monitored and quantified <em>in situ</em> using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in conjunction with microfluidic BES systems. By cyclic voltammetry the assembled three-dimensional anode extensions were found to be electrically conductive and increased the available electroactive surface area. The NPs were used as controllable carriers for the electroactive model organisms <em>Shewanella oneidensis</em> and <em>Geobacter sulfurreducens</em>, resulting in a 5-fold increase in steady-state current density for <em>S. oneidensis</em>, which could be increased 22-fold when combined with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) aggregates. In the case of <em>G. sulfurreducens</em>, the steady-state current density was not increased, but was achieved four times faster. The study presents a controllable, scalable and easy-to-use method to increase the electrode surface area in existing BES by applying a magnetic field and adding conductive magnetic NPs. These findings can most likely also be transferred to other electroactive microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100226"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between capsule production and biofilm formation by Mannheimia haemolytica, and establishment of a poly-species biofilm with other Pasteurellaceae","authors":"Yue-Jia Lee ,&nbsp;Dianjun Cao ,&nbsp;Bindu Subhadra ,&nbsp;Cristina De Castro ,&nbsp;Immacolata Speciale ,&nbsp;Thomas J. Inzana","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mannheimia haemolytica</em> is one of the bacterial agents responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). The capability of <em>M. haemolytica</em> to form a biofilm may contribute to the development of chronic BRD infection by making the bacteria more resistant to host innate immunity and antibiotics. To improve therapy and prevent BRD, a greater understanding of the association between <em>M. haemolytica</em> surface components and biofilm formation is needed. <em>M. haemolytica</em> strain 619 (wild-type) made a poorly adherent, low-biomass biofilm. To examine the relationship between capsule and biofilm formation, a capsule-deficient mutant of wild-type <em>M. haemolytica</em> was obtained following mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate to obtain mutant E09. Loss of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) in mutant E09 was supported by transmission electron microscopy and Maneval's staining. Mutant E09 attached to polyvinyl chloride plates more effectively, and produced a significantly denser and more uniform biofilm than the wild-type, as determined by crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy with COMSTAT analysis. The biofilm matrix of E09 contained predominately protein and significantly more eDNA than the wild-type, but not a distinct exopolysaccharide. Furthermore, treatment with DNase I significantly reduced the biofilm content of both the wild-type and E09 mutant. DNA sequencing of E09 showed that a point mutation occurred in the capsule biosynthesis gene <em>wecB</em>. The complementation of <em>wecB in trans</em> in mutant E09 successfully restored CPS production and reduced bacterial attachment/biofilm to levels similar to that of the wild-type. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization microscopy showed that <em>M. haemolytica</em> formed a poly-microbial biofilm with <em>Histophilus somni</em> and <em>Pasteurella multocida</em>. Overall, CPS production by <em>M. haemolytica</em> was inversely correlated with biofilm formation, the integrity of which required eDNA. A poly-microbial biofilm was readily formed between <em>M. haemolytica</em>, <em>H. somni</em>, and <em>P. multocida</em>, suggesting a mutualistic or synergistic interaction that may benefit bacterial colonization of the bovine respiratory tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella biofilm formation diminishes bacterial proliferation in the C. elegans intestine","authors":"Ines Thiers,&nbsp;Maries Lissens,&nbsp;Hanne Langie,&nbsp;Bram Lories ,&nbsp;Hans Steenackers","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> serovars are a significant global cause of foodborne infections, owing their transmission success to the formation of biofilms. While the role of these biofilms in <em>Salmonella</em>'s persistence outside the host is well understood, their significance during infection remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of <em>Salmonella</em> biofilm formation on host colonization and virulence using the nematode model <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. This infection model enables us to isolate the effect of biofilm formation on gut colonization and proliferation, as no gut microbiome is present and <em>Salmonella</em> cannot invade the intestinal tissue of the nematode. We show that a biofilm-deficient Δ<em>csgD</em> mutant enhances gut proliferation compared to the wild-type strain, while the pathogen's virulence, the host's immune signaling pathways, and host survival remain unaffected. Hence, our work suggests that biofilm formation does not significantly contribute to <em>Salmonella</em> infection in <em>C. elegans.</em> However, complementary assays in higher-order <em>in vivo</em> models are required to further characterize the role of biofilm formation during infection and to take into account the impact of biofilm formation on competition with gut microbiome and epithelial invasion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11513601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142523745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic combinations of novel polymyxins and rifampicin with improved eradication of colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms","authors":"Johan Storm Jørgensen ,&nbsp;Anne Sofie Laulund Siebert ,&nbsp;Oana Ciofu ,&nbsp;Niels Høiby ,&nbsp;Claus Moser ,&nbsp;Henrik Franzyk","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100224","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance coupled with a lack of new antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria emphasize the imperative for novel therapeutic strategies. Colistin-resistant &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; constitutes a challenge, where conventional treatment options lack efficacy, in particular for biofilm-associated infections. Previously, synergy of colistin with other antibiotics was explored as an avenue for the treatment of colistin-resistant infections, and recently we reported our efforts towards colistin analogs capable of combating planktonic colistin-resistant strains.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aim of the present study was to investigate whether analogs of polymyxin B with improved potency in wild-type and moderate resistant Gram-negative pathogens would retain similarly increased activity in highly colistin-resistant clinical &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; isolates (in planktonic and biofilm growth) when applied alone and in combination with rifampicin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; study, we tested three analogs of polymyxin B prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations via the broth microdilution method. Interactions between two antimicrobials was quantified in a checkerboard broth microdilution assay by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index for each combination. For testing of antibiofilm activity a previously described model with alginate beads encapsulating a biofilm culture was applied. The minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) were evaluated, and the fractional biofilm eradication concentration indices were calculated. Three recently identified colistin analogs (CEP932, CEP936 and CEP938) were tested against three isogenic pairs of colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; clinical isolates as well as the reference strain PAO1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;For bacteria in planktonic growth CEP938 retained almost full potency in all three resistant isolates, while exhibiting similar activity as colistin in susceptible isolates. Against biofilms CEP938 was slightly more potent against PAO1 as compared to colistin, while also retaining activity against a biofilm of the colistin-resistant strain 41,782/98. Next, synergy between CEP938 and the antibiotic rifampicin was explored. Interestingly, CEP938 did not exhibit synergy with rifampicin in planktonic cultures. Importantly, for colistin-resistant biofilms the CEP938-rifampicin combination demonstrated activity superior to that found for the colistin-rifampicin combination.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The present study showed &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; efficacy of CEP938 against both colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant &lt;em&gt;P. aeruginosa&lt;/em&gt; biofilms as well as an ability of CEP938 to synergize with rifa","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of Pseudomonas oleovorans biofilms to disinfectants commonly used in endoscope reprocessing?","authors":"Beata Leeb-Zatorska ,&nbsp;Miriam Van den Nest ,&nbsp;Julia Ebner ,&nbsp;Doris Moser ,&nbsp;Kathrin Spettel ,&nbsp;Lukas Bovier-Azula ,&nbsp;Magda Diab-El Schahawi ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Presterl","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reprocessing failure of endoscopes may result in outbreaks of serious infections in vulnerable patients caused by Gram-negative bacteria. <em>P. oleovorans</em> (PSOL) was detected in 6 automated endoscope washer-disinfectors (AEWDs) in two reprocessing units during routine check and probing for quality control. Ten endoscopes were probed yielding the growth of PSOL. Two different PSOL strains were identified by genotyping. Biofilms and planktonic cells of both PSOL (N = 2) and of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> PAO1 as reference were incubated with increased disinfectant concentrations modelling the disinfection process in the AEWD. PSOL in planktonic form was eradicated by GLUT1% (1 g/100 g) at 55 °C. GLUT at a higher concentration of 3 % resulted in the eradication of PSOL biofilms at 25 °C. The persistent growth of PSOL in quality controls indicates inadequate disinfection. Increase of the concentration of GLUT would be an option to eradicate PSOL. However, increasing the concentration of GLUT may lead to corrosion of the sensible instruments and toxic side-effects in patients. Further investigation on disinfectant type and concentration, the reservoir of contamination and defining additional disinfection steps are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus colonizing the skin microbiota of adults with severe atopic dermatitis exhibits genomic diversity and convergence in biofilm traits","authors":"Francesca Sivori ,&nbsp;Ilaria Cavallo ,&nbsp;Mauro Truglio ,&nbsp;Flavio De Maio ,&nbsp;Maurizio Sanguinetti ,&nbsp;Giorgia Fabrizio ,&nbsp;Valerio Licursi ,&nbsp;Massimo Francalancia ,&nbsp;Fulvia Fraticelli ,&nbsp;Ilenia La Greca ,&nbsp;Federica Lucantoni ,&nbsp;Emanuela Camera ,&nbsp;Maria Mariano ,&nbsp;Fiorentina Ascenzioni ,&nbsp;Antonio Cristaudo ,&nbsp;Fulvia Pimpinelli ,&nbsp;Enea Gino Di Domenico","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder exacerbated by <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> colonization. The specific factors that drive <em>S. aureus</em> overgrowth and persistence in AD remain poorly understood. This study analyzed skin barrier functions and microbiome diversity in lesional (LE) and non-lesional (NL) forearm sites of individuals with severe AD compared to healthy control subjects (HS). Notable differences were found in transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, and microbiome composition. <em>Cutibacterium</em> was more prevalent in HS, while <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>S. lugdunensis</em> were predominantly found in AD LE skin. The results highlighted that microbial balance depends on inter-species competition. Specifically, network analysis at the genus level demonstrated that overall bacterial correlations were higher in HS, indicating a more stable microbial community. Notably, network analysis at the species level revealed that <em>S. aureus</em> engaged in competitive interactions in NL and LE but not in HS. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed considerable genetic diversity among <em>S. aureus</em> strains from AD. Despite this variability, the isolates exhibited convergence in key phenotypic traits such as adhesion and biofilm formation, which are crucial for microbial persistence. These common phenotypes suggest an adaptive evolution, driven by competition in the AD skin microenvironment, of <em>S. aureus</em> and underscoring the interplay between genetic diversity and phenotypic convergence in microbial adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm in inflammatory breast cancer and its treatment strategies","authors":"D. Allen-Taylor,&nbsp;G. Boro,&nbsp;P.M. Cabato,&nbsp;C. Mai,&nbsp;K. Nguyen,&nbsp;G. Rijal","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial biofilms represent a significant challenge in both clinical and industrial settings because of their robust nature and resistance to antimicrobials. Biofilms are formed by microorganisms that produce an exopolysaccharide matrix, protecting function and supporting for nutrients. Among the various bacterial species capable of forming biofilms, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, a commensal organism found on human skin and mucous membranes, has emerged as a prominent opportunistic pathogen, when introduced into the body via medical devices, such as catheters, prosthetic joints, and heart valves. The formation of biofilms by <em>S. epidermidis</em> on these surfaces facilitates colonization and provides protection against host immune responses and antibiotic therapies, leading to persistent and difficult-to-treat infections.</p><p>The possible involvement of biofilms for breast oncogenesis has recently created the curiosity. This paper therefore delves into <em>S. epidermidis</em> biofilm involvement in breast cancer. <em>S. epidermidis</em> biofilms can create a sustained inflammatory environment through their metabolites and can break DNA in breast tissue, promoting cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, and genetic instability.</p><p>Preventing biofilm formation primarily involves preventing bacterial proliferation using prophylactic measures and sterilization of medical devices and equipment. In cancer treatment, common modalities include chemotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, alkylating agents, and various anticancer drugs. Understanding the relationship between anticancer drugs and bacterial biofilms is crucial, especially for those undergoing cancer treatment who may be at increased risk of bacterial infections, for improving patient outcomes. By elucidating these interactions, strategies to prevent or disrupt biofilm formation, thereby reducing the incidence of infections associated with medical devices and implants, can be identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590207524000455/pdfft?md5=1fb371c428a577224608a5bd3dd4959e&pid=1-s2.0-S2590207524000455-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time acid production and extracellular matrix formation in mature biofilms of three Streptococcus mutans strains with special reference to xylitol","authors":"Henna Ikäläinen ,&nbsp;Camilo Guzman ,&nbsp;Markku Saari ,&nbsp;Eva Söderling ,&nbsp;Vuokko Loimaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Acidogenicity and production of an extracellular matrix (ECM) are important virulence factors for the dental caries-associated bacteria, such as <em>Streptococcus mutans,</em> that live in biofilms on tooth surface. The ECM protects the bacteria from the flushing and buffering effects of saliva resulting in highly acidic microenvironments inside the biofilm.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In this <em>in vitro</em> study, we applied real-time assays to follow biofilm formation and pH decrease in a growth medium and saliva by three <em>S. mutans</em> strains, as well as acid neutralization inside the mature biofilm. Results were compared with the biofilm composition. Effects of a non-fermentable polyol, xylitol, on acid production and acid neutralization in mature biofilms were evaluated by real-time pH measurements and confocal microscopy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Combination of real-time pH measurements with biofilm accumulation assays revealed growth media dependent differences in the pH decrease and biofilm accumulation, as well as strain differences in acid production and biofilm formation but not in the buffer diffusion through ECM. The presence of xylitol reduced the pH drop during biofilm formation of all strains. In addition, with strain Ingbritt xylitol reduced the amount of ECM in biofilm, which increased the rate of acid neutralization inside the biofilm after buffer exposure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results stress the importance of biofilm matrix in creating the acidic environment inside a <em>S. mutans</em> biofilm, especially in the presence of saliva. In addition, our results suggest a novel mechanism of xylitol action. The observed increase in the permeability of the <em>S. mutans</em> ECM after xylitol exposure may allow acid-neutralizing saliva to reach deeper layer of the biofilms and thus, in part, explain previous clinical observations of reduced plaque acidogenicity after frequent xylitol use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55844,"journal":{"name":"Biofilm","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590207524000443/pdfft?md5=ac06536303e51d97c8570d3c631aec0d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590207524000443-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}