Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

{"title":"The effect of combining working memory training with naming treatment on word retrieval and the generalization to discourse in individuals with aphasia: The mediating role of working memory.","authors":"Ghazal Rostami Pour Fard, Toktam Maleki Shahmahmood, Salime Jafari","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2721610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2721610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the interdependence of working memory (WM) and language processing, mitigating cognitive \"bottlenecks\" remains a critical objective in aphasia rehabilitation to promote functional recovery. This study investigated the comparative efficacy of a language treatment (Phonological Component Analysis; PCA) versus a combined approach integrating PCA and WM training, specifically examining their effects on lexical retrieval and discourse performance. A 65-year-old male with chronic non-fluent aphasia (participant [HY]) was recruited for this single-subject ABAC experimental design, comprising an initial three-session baseline (A1), a phase of PCA-only treatment (B), a secondary three-session baseline (A2), and a phase of combined PCA+WM intervention (C). Primary outcome measures encompassed naming accuracy, WM capacity, and connected speech indices (including lexical, grammatical, and communicative indices). Data analysis was conducted via visual inspection and the Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND) metric. Visual analysis revealed that both intervention protocols yielded clinical gains relative to baseline performance. While naming abilities exhibited consistent enhancement across both treatment phases, a notable augmentation in WM capacity was observed specifically during the second phase. Notably, discourse outcomes-incorporating grammatical, semantic, and communicative parameters-demonstrated significant improvement during the initial PCA-only phase, with more modest gains observed during the subsequent combined treatment phase. Post-intervention follow-up indicated that therapeutic gains were either maintained or exhibited marginal continued progress. These findings suggest that integrating WM training into traditional anomia therapy may augment naming and discourse outcomes, Further large-scale research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which WM contributes to the remediation of discourse deficits in aphasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of central auditory processing in patients with obstructive sleep APNEA syndrome (central auditory processing in sleep APNEA).","authors":"Ömer Faruk Emeksiz, Muhammed Mustafa Şeker, Abitter Yücel, Mustafa Kürşat Gökcan","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2729523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2729523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the central auditory processing abilities of patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 86 individuals aged between 20 and 55 years, with normal pure-tone averages and no history of any pathology that could affect hearing, were included in the study. The study group consisted of 43 individuals diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography, while the control group comprised 43 individuals without an OSAS diagnosis or related symptoms. All participants underwent pure-tone audiometry test, speech reception threshold (SRT), speech discrimination score (SDS), Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Duration Pattern Test (DPT), Gaps-in-Noise Test (GIN), and Masking Level Difference (MLD) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the findings, pure-tone thresholds in the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group bilaterally across the 125-8000 Hz frequency range, except at 2000 Hz. The mean SRT values were also significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of SDS. The mean score of the study group in the DPT was significantly higher than that of the control group. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the FPT, GIN, or MLD tests. However, in the SPT, FPT, and GIN tests, the OSAS group exhibited poorer performance compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, both peripheral hearing and central auditory processing abilities were found to be adversely affected in individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing spatial neglect screening: Preliminary evidence from a modified Baking Tray Test.","authors":"Peii Chen, Olga Boukrina, Megan Rusco","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2729519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2729519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Baking Tray Test (BTT) is sensitive to spatial neglect (SN), but its required materials may limit its inclusion in screening batteries. We developed a modified BTT (mBTT) using portable, easy-to-obtain materials and examined its ability to detect SN in 58 individuals (>6 months post-stroke; 30 right brain damage, 28 left brain damage). Participants completed two cancelation tests (Broken Hearts and 3s Spreadsheet), Line Bisection, Scene Copying, and mBTT. The mBTT detected SN in 29% of participants, comparable to Scene Copying (28%), Line Bisection (36%), and 3s Spreadsheet (22%), and statistically higher than Broken Hearts (14%). Overall, 66% of participants showed SN on at least one test, and 36% on at least two tests. Agreement between mBTT and cancelation tests was not statistically significant. mBTT showed fair, but not substantial, agreement with Line Bisection (κ = 0.24) and Scene Copying (κ = 0.23), indicating that mBTT may identify different aspects of SN and improve screening coverage when used alongside other tests. Because of the materials required for mBTT, the test may be a practical addition to clinical screening batteries. A comprehensive assessment should follow a positive screening result. Future studies with larger clinical samples and age-matched healthy controls are needed to establish norms and diagnostic cutoffs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the independent and combined accuracy of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Effort Score and Forced Choice embedded performance validity tests.","authors":"Nevin A Orleans, John-Christopher A Finley, Bailey L Ortiz, J Gabrielle Springer, Elisa Dumett Torres, Megan E Gribble, Bonnie E Shoemaker, Kelsey T King, Luke G Petry, Brian M Cerny, Malorie E Watson, Matthew S Phillips, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2731170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2731170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) provide an efficient means of assessing validity in neuropsychological evaluations. Multiple embedded PVTs have been developed for the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), most notably the Effort Score (ES) and Forced Choice (FC) recognition paradigms. However, there is limited research examining whether ES and FC provide nonredundant information, particularly across levels of cognitive impairment. This study examined the independent and combined accuracy of the RAVLT ES and FC embedded PVTs for detecting invalid neuropsychologist test performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data came from 487 mixed neuropsychiatric outpatients evaluated at an academic medical center who completed the RAVLT and four independent criterion PVTs. Study validity groups were defined invalid based on failure of two or more criterion PVTs (22%). Valid participants were further classified as no impairment, mild, or major neurocognitive disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant performance differences were observed across all RAVLT scores with large effects. ES and FC were moderately correlated overall, with weaker correlations in the no impairment group. FC was a consistent predictor across all impairment groups, whereas ES showed reduced predictive utility among the mild impairment group. Combined models demonstrated improved classification accuracy compared to either indicator alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RAVLT ES and FC represent distinct but complementary embedded PVTs. FC is more robust in genuine cognitive impairment and should be prioritized in impaired populations, whereas ES provides incremental value in cognitively intact individuals. These findings support the use of multiple embedded RAVLT PVTs in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From store to screen: A first step in validating the Dutch Oxford Multiple Errands Test (OxMET-NL) for measuring executive function.","authors":"Carolien Torenvliet, Elise M Verhoog, Sam S Webb, Roy P C Kessels, Anders Jespersen, Nele Demeyere, Dirk Bertens","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2725203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2725203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Naturalistic assessment of executive functions (EF) remains a key challenge in clinical neuropsychology. Balancing reliability and ecological validity is essential, particularly in rehabilitation settings where every-day functioning is central to recovery. This study was aimed at providing a first step in assessing the psychometric properties of the Dutch Oxford Multiple Errands Test (OxMET-NL), a digital tablet-based adaptation of the shopping center Multiple Errands Test (MET), and directly compared performance with the in-person MET as an indicator of ecological validity. Participants included 51 individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI; 34 outpatients, 17 inpatients) and 70 cognitively healthy comparisons. We evaluated internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity with the MET and standard neuropsychological measures, and discriminability between the samples. Results indicated good internal consistency, whereas test-retest reliability was moderate, with large individual variability and faster retest performance. Convergent and divergent validity with the MET and neuropsychological tests was adequate. The task elicited strategy use that corresponded with the MET and daily life strategies. It also showed good discriminability between inpatients and comparisons, and between patients with and without EF difficulties, though less so between outpatients and comparisons. Although this study must be regarded in the light of the modest sample size, the OxMET-NL appears promising for assessing naturalistic, ecologically valid EF in ABI, but less appropriate for monitoring individual change over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the ACE-III an effective cognitive screening tool for service users with acquired brain injuries? A descriptive service evaluation comparing cognitive results in CABIS.","authors":"Maxime Levasseur, Chloe Witty","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2682526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2682526","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III is a cognitive screen developed for early detection of dementia and is also used to detect mild cognitive impairments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This service evaluation aimed to explore whether the ACE-III is associated with cognitive domains identified from more detailed assessment in acquired brain injury (ABI), and therefore a clinically useful screening tool, for service users in the Community Acquired Brain Injury Service (CABIS). A sample of 20 CABIS service users were deemed eligible for this service evaluation. Correlations and weighted linear regressions were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pearson and Spearman Rank correlations and weighted linear regressions identified significant associations between certain cognitive domains in the ACE-III and the WAIS-IV. A significant positive correlation of moderate strength was found for Attention × Working Memory, Spearman's ρ(16)=0.52, p=.028. Weighted linear regressions were found to be significant for Attention × Working Memory (F=4.60, p=.048, R²=0.22); Visuospatial × Perceptual Reasoning (F=27.17, p<.001, R²=0.66); and Total Score × Full Scale (F=5.76, p=.032, R²=0.31).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals practical applications for the service in which the evaluation was conducted, in that the ACE-III may be considered a clinically useful tool to indicate trends of cognitive functioning for people with ABI. Future research should aim to replicate these findings in a larger sample, using true experimental designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulatory mechanisms and therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.","authors":"Veda Siddharth R G, Nisha Phakey, Karishma Godara, Karthik Vinay Mahesh","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2727513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2727513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noninvasive neuromodulatory interventions, particularly repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS), are increasingly emerging as alternative and complementary approaches for symptomatic management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis synthesized evidence from 11 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of rTMS. Across individual trials, directionally consistent short-term improvements were observed in spasticity, fatigue, balance, gait, dexterity, and cerebellar functions. Exploratory Meta-analytic results indicated a reduction in spasticity, as well as modest improvements in fatigue and depressive symptoms. Neuroimaging findings further suggested microstructural changes consistent with altered white matter properties. Potential mechanisms include modulation of cortical excitability, synaptic plasticity, interhemispheric balance, and neuroimmune processes. Despite these promising directional trends, small sample sizes, variability in stimulation protocols, and limited geographic representation limit the broader generalizability and robustness of these findings. Overall, rTMS appears generally well tolerated in small trials, with short-term symptomatic improvements reported in some domains. These preliminary findings highlight the need for longitudinal trials employing standardized stimulation protocols and multimodal outcome assessments to elucidate sustained efficacy and underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148892808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD and working memory: Reviewing causes for a consistent correlation.","authors":"Steven C Hertler, Kaan Kideys, Mateo Peñaherrera-Aguirre","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2721598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2721598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Working memory capacity negatively correlates with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In this narrative review, we examine the strength of this correlation, alongside explanations for its existence. Some explanations cast working memory weaknesses as an artifact of testing, such that inattention during testing disrupts encoding. Other explanations link working memory weakness to poor executive control and selective attention, such that ADHD impedes mental manipulation central to all working memory tasks. We thereafter compare these extant explanations against the following alternative explanation: <i>Correlations between ADHD and working memory are artifacts of contaminated samples employing imprecise inclusion and exclusion criteria that neither commonly control for intelligence nor rule out low intelligence as an alternative explanation for putative ADHD.</i> This alternative explanation is relevant because intelligence positively correlates with working memory capacity; and at the same time, ADHD samples are often selected based on ratings that neither measure intelligence nor attention. This alternative explanation suggests that, though not spurious, the correlation between these constructs is exaggerated by including those with lower intelligence in ADHD samples. We systematically select a subset of ADHD studies, scrutinizing their methodology, discussion, and limitations sections so as to determine, where possible, whether working memory weaknesses remain after controlling for intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148867859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the adult executive functioning inventory (ADEXI) in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Giulio Emilio Brancati, Marina Baroni, Anna Magnesa, Cosimo Lazzerini, Marco Scalese, Mario Miniati, Danilo Menicucci, Giulio Perugi, Luca Bastiani, Sabrina Molinaro","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2721605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2721605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) is a brief novel self-report questionnaire designed to assess executive functioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of its Italian version in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A clinical sample of 84 adults diagnosed with ADHD at a tertiary care center was recruited. Discriminant validity was examined with respect to 252 age- and sex-matched non-clinical controls and norms extracted from a large epidemiological survey. Good internal consistency was observed for both the total score (Cronbach's α = 0.857) and subscale scores (α = 0.731-0.825). Both one- and two-factor structures showed acceptable fit. Convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations with self-reported ADHD symptoms measured by the ASRS-v1.1 Part A (r = 0.422-0.502), while only weak correlations were found with informant-reported executive impairments on the BRIEF-A (r = 0.231-0.237). Significant differences between participants with ADHD and non-clinical controls were observed. ADEXI total score best identified participants with ADHD using a cutoff ≥ 34, with accuracy = 89.6%, sensitivity = 92.9%, and specificity = 88.5%. ADEXI total scores converted in T-scores based on normative data revealed a prevalence of at least mild executive impairment (T-score ≥ 60) of 86.9% in the clinical sample, while two-thirds showed severe executive impairment (T-score ≥ 70; 66.7%). In conclusion, the ADEXI could be considered a useful instrument to screen for executive functioning impairments among the general population and a promising tool to stratify the severity of self-reported executive impairment across different clinical samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148834502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of mind as a mediator between executive functions and future-oriented thinking in adult teacher candidates of Science in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Ashwaq Hamzah Ali Alturki","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2716893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2716893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the focus is on theory of mind as a mediator variable in the relationship between executive functions and future-oriented thinking. Participants were 320 adultteacher candidates of Science in Saudi Arabia (48.43% female, <i>N</i> = 155; 51.56% male, <i>N</i> = 165; aged 20 to 24 years, M age = 21.50, SD = 0.98). Participant selection was based on availability and access to the sample. The research falls within the post-positivist paradigm, employing a quantitative approach, and a descriptive, correlational, and mediation analysis scope. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between theory of mind, executive functions and future-oriented thinking. The results showed that thinking about the future can have a significant correlation with the executive functions of adult teacher candidates of Science in Saudi Arabia. The results also showed that theory of mind correlates positively with executive functions. This foresight correlates his/her ToM, and they can predict and understand themselves and the mental states of others. Since EFs are a higher cognitive and metacognitive ability, higher levels of ToM can be associated with EFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}