Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

{"title":"Impairments in executive functions four years after a stroke.","authors":"Marte C Ørbo, Marianne Berg Halvorsen, Synne Garder Pedersen, Mari Thoresen Løkholm, Audny Anke","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2512784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2512784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-stroke executive functions (EF) are understudied, particularly in the chronic phase. This study assesses impairment rates in Working Memory, Inhibition, and Shifting, examines the correlations between domain-specific EF measured with performance tests and self-report, and explores whether vascular risk factors and initial stroke characteristics predict specific EF 4 years post-stroke. Sixty-five stroke survivors (48 men, mean age = 64 years), with mild (55%) or moderate (42%) strokes at onset performed subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, Conners Continuous Performance Test 3rd ed., and the self-reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions. Subtests were combined into EF domain scores and global composite scores, calculated separately for self-reported and performance-based tests. Correlational analyses and multivariate models were employed to probe associations. Aside from the Digit Span Backwards, all test scores were below average. Impairment rates varied from 11 to 49% on individual tests but were reduced in domain and global composites. No significant correlations were found between self-reported and performance-based measures within an EF domain. Predictor analyses showed that atrial fibrillation was associated with poorer Shifting, diabetes with poorer Inhibition, and shorter education with poorer Working Memory, all with moderate effect sizes but only for performance EF. EF impairments were common, varying by domain and method of measurement. Performance-based EF domains, unlike the self-reported domains, were linked to vascular risk factors and education level. Further research is needed to identify optimal EF tests for stroke populations. In clinical practice, EF assessment remains paramount, even after mild strokes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation impacts the relationship between gait speed and cognitive function in caregivers.","authors":"Eliza Morgan, Adriana Savettiere, Jovian Lam, Rowena Gomez, Tilman Schulte, J Kaci Fairchild","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2507846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2507846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caregivers report significantly higher levels of stress than non-caregivers, which is related to increased burden associated with caregiving responsibilities. Chronic stress and caregiver burden are both associated with poorer health outcomes, slowed gait, and worse cognitive function. The positive relationship between gait speed and cognition, notably executive function and processing speed, is well-documented. However, less is understood about factors that influence this relationship. One important and yet unexplored factor is inflammation, as it holds a negative relationship to both gait speed and cognitive function. Thus, the current study explores the impact of inflammation on the relationship between gait speed and cognition in caregivers reporting subjective burden. The sample included 43 well-educated (i.e., 93% with some college education or more) caregivers aged 23 to 83 years (M_age = 58.35) who provided care for someone with traumatic brain injury or dementia. Participants completed a battery that included cognitive (e.g., Stroop Color and Word Test), functional (6-minute walk test), and biological (Interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) measures. Utilizing a moderation analysis with age as a covariate, caregivers with below average (-1 SD from mean) and average (mean) levels of inflammation exhibited a positive, significant relationship between gait and cognition. However, gait was not associated with cognitive function in caregivers with above average (+1 SD from mean) levels of inflammation, indicating that elevated inflammation suppressed the positive relationship between gait speed and cognition. In both clinical and research settings, it is important to consider the influence of elevated inflammation when assessing gait speed or cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global trends and psychosocial effects of traumatic brain injury: A bibliometric and machine learning analysis.","authors":"Najmeh Motaghi, Amin Saberinia, Hamideh Arvan, Mehdi Ahmadinejad, Hossein Ali Ebrahimi Meimand, Fatemeh Navadeh Khodadadi, Mahdiyeh Khazaneha","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2507845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2507845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is particularly common in low- and middle-income countries, disproportionately affecting youth. While around 80% of TBI cases are classified as mild, even these can lead to disabling symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study involved a comprehensive search for relevant articles published between 1934 and 2024 across multiple databases, utilizing specific keywords for data collection. Bibliometric analyses were conducted using R and VOSviewer tools to evaluate the literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included scientific and machine learning evaluations of TBI's pathophysiology, prognosis, and consequences, such as cognitive, behavioral, and physical outcomes, as well as therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation strategies. The findings underscore the need for increased attention to the psychosocial consequences of TBI. Evidence-based research can guide efforts to enhance the quality of life for both patients and caregivers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To improve therapeutic and rehabilitation options for TBI patients, collaborative efforts are essential to support ongoing research in this area. By focusing on the multidimensional effects of TBI, we can better address the needs of individuals living with the long-term consequences of this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Worry, gait speed, and inflammation as predictors of processing speed in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairments (aMCI).","authors":"Jovian C Lam, Lisa N Cruz, Mary Hong-Hoang T Nguyen, J Kaci Fairchild","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2496748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2496748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Efficient processing speed is important for quality of life and can buffer against further cognitive declines for older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Etiologies of processing speed impairments are multifactorial. Slow gait and chronic worry have been suggested to be precursors to cognitive decline in older adults. Furthermore, both slow gait and worry involve inflammatory processes, which contribute to dementia conversion in those with MCI. Despite these links to cognitive decline, no study to date has examined the cumulative association of gait, worry, and inflammation on processing speed. Given the need to study processing speed through a multidisciplinary lens, the current study investigates the contributions of biological (inflammation), physiological (gait speed), and psychological (worry) factors to processing speed in older adults with aMCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants include 65 community-dwelling older adults with aMCI. Linear regressions were used to (1) assess the contributions of each predictor (gait, inflammation, worry) and (2) compare each predictor versus their cumulative contribution to processing speed, controlling for age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative contribution of gait, worry, and inflammation significantly predicted processing speed compared to just gait alone, with worry being a significant predictor. No significant difference was found when compared to separate models of worry and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Worry, even at a subclinical level, showed a significant negative association to processing speed. Interestingly, the contribution of worry on processing speed is more pronounced when considering other health factors, reinforcing the importance of a bio-physio-psychological perspective in cognitive aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsophisticated AI coaching does not improve performance on symptom and performance validity tests in a Romanian sample of experimental feigners.","authors":"Samira Voin, Iulia Crișan, Florin Alin Sava","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2512786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2512786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to investigate the ability of symptom and performance validity indicators to detect experimental feigning with symptom-coaching vs. AI assistance. Fifty-nine undergraduates and community members (45 females, M_Age=22.6, SD_Age=2.1; M_Education=14.5, SD_Education=1.4) were randomized into three experimental groups: controls (n = 20), symptom-coached feigners (n = 20), and AI-coached feigners (n = 19). The two feigning groups were instructed to feign a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) for evading work responsibilities. All participants were assessed online with the Inventory of Problems-29 and its memory module (IOP-29-M) and the Memory of Objects and Digits and Examination of Memory Malingering Test (MODEMM). Results indicated that AI-coached participants exaggerated symptomatology and underperformed significantly more compared to the symptom-coached group. All validity indicators of the IOP-29-M and MODEMM discriminated between experimental feigners and control participants at previously reported cutoffs with high sensitivities (.69-1.00) and excellent specificities (.95-1.00). Our findings contribute to nascent research on feigning with AI assistance, also providing proof of concept for the accuracy of the IOP-29-M and MODEMM in detecting symptom-coached and AI-coached feigning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbol Digit Modalities Test incidental learning: Concurrent validity and clinical utility.","authors":"Shaline Escarfulleri, Alicia J Spiegel, Hinza B Malik, Lauren M D Faulkner, Brian D Gradwohl, Kathryn A Tolle, Carrington R Wendell, Danielle Shaked, Shari R Waldstein, Leslie I Katzel, Stephen L Seliger, Robert J Spencer","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2509088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2509088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This project examined the Incidental Learning (IL) procedure from the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) as both a screening tool and as a measure of memory. Participants included undergraduate college students and stroke- and dementia-free older adult volunteers with and without hypertension or chronic kidney disease. In each sample, IL scores were correlated with performances from a variety of cognitive tasks. Results indicated that IL scores were more strongly associated with tests of memory than other cognitive abilities. As a screening instrument for older adults, scores of four or more recalled symbol-digit pairings strongly indicated a lack of difficulties on other tests of memory, whereas scores of three or fewer suggested a need for further assessment, though not necessarily impairment. A novel recognition (IL-r) procedure was introduced to older participants without kidney disease, and results indicated that IL-r uniquely predicted both delayed verbal and visual memory beyond standard IL. Our findings suggest that IL can be regarded as an efficient supplemental or screening test of memory that offers a complementary methodology to a comprehensive assessment of memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of physiological and neuropsychological function on quality of life in traumatic brain injury patients.","authors":"Yu-Hsuan Chang, Hsin-Fan Wang, Chun-Pai Yang, Yu-Hui Lin, Bei-Yi Su, Yu-Chi Liao","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2509293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2509293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) leads to neuropsychological and social impairments, affecting quality of life (QoL). This study examines how heart rate variability (HRV) and neuropsychological functions under different cognitive task conditions influence TBI patients' QoL. The study adopted 20 healthy and 11 TBI participants. Measurements included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Community Mental Status Examination (CMSE), Continuous Performance Test (CPT-3), Tower of London, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rey Complex Figure Test, WAIS-4, Fatigue Severity Scale, the WHO QoL Taiwan Brief Version (WHOQOL) and Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Hierarchy of Care Required, Daily Executive Behavior Scale, Perceived Family Relationship Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). The HRV indexes were measured by biofeedback device. Statistical analyses include independent <i>t</i>-test, Chi-square, repeated measure ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and mediation analysis. TBI group showed lower scores in memory, attention, executive function, and psychosocial measures. HRV results revealed lower baseline LF and task-related interaction effects in LF, LF/HF, and RMSSD. Mediation analysis further showed that CPT-3 performance and LF mediated the group's impact on self-reported quality of life. TBI patients exhibit physiological, neuropsychological, and psychosocial impairments, which are closely related to their QoL. In particular, the preservation response in the CPT-3 and LF showed significant predictive effects on QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of the correlation between functionality, cognition and swallowing skills in patients with acute stroke.","authors":"Hilal Berber Çiftci, Seyhun Topbaş","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2506530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2506530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to identify factors linked to swallowing abilities in acute stroke patients, including lesion location, cognitive level, clinical features, stroke risk factors, and functionality. A total of 97 patients who were hospitalized in the neurology clinic and diagnosed with stroke and whose duration of after stroke did not exceed 7 days were included. Acute stroke patients aged between 45 and 90 years, 58 males and 39 females, were grouped according to lesion type, affected side, and stroke risk factors. Turkish MMASA (TR-MMASA) was used to evaluate the swallowing ability of the patients. Additionally, Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) were applied to evaluate cognition level and functionality, respectively. No significant relationship was found between TR-MMASA results and time spent after stroke (0-7 days), lesion type, affected side, and risk factors for stroke (p > 0.05). A moderately significant correlation was found between MRS and TR-MMASA (r=-0.312, p < 0.05) while a highly significant correlation was found between SMMT and TR-MMASA (r=-0.352, p < 0.05). Decreases in functionality and cognitive level are considered to be strong predictors of detecting dysphagia. To detect complications at the earliest stage, rapid dysphagia screening tests that screen for pre-swallowing skills should be included in routine assessments in stroke patients with low cognitive level and functionality. Further referrals can be provided by evaluating the patient's level of cognition, functionality, and pre-swallowing skills together at the first presentation to the hospital.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failing more freestanding performance validity tests results in progressive artificial lowering of invalid neuropsychological test scores.","authors":"Tyler J Kukla, John-Christopher A Finley, G Whitman Kent, Bailey O Newkirk, Allison D Payne, Ollie Fegter, Steven A Abalos, Luke G Petry, Matthew S Phillips, Brian M Cerny, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2507204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2507204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Administering multiple performance validity tests (PVTs) is essential throughout neuropsychological evaluations to objectively determine test performance validity, with ≥2 PVT failures generally indicating invalid performance. However, the impact of exceeding this standard invalidity threshold remains unclear. This study explored whether neuropsychological test scores are artificially lowered in a \"dose-dependent\" manner as the number of freestanding PVT failures increases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 358 clinical referrals from an academic medical center who underwent neuropsychological evaluations. All patients were administered 5 freestanding PVTs and a battery of 12 neuropsychological tests, which were also used to compute a neuropsychological test composite score calculated from averaging all 12 individual test scores. Analyses of variance examined differences in mean test scores across PVT failure groups (0,1,2,3, and 4-5 failures).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As the number of PVT failures increased, patients showed significantly more artificial lowering of neuropsychological test scores. The composite T-score had the largest effect size (<i>ηp²</i>=.348), with those failing 4-5 PVTs scoring over 2 standard deviations below the population mean. Higher PVT failure groups (3-5) had elevated rates of external incentives, primary psychiatric diagnoses/attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and lower rates of primary medical/neurologic conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results support a dose-dependent relationship between freestanding PVT failures and neuropsychological test scores such that additional PVT failures resulted in progressively more pronounced artificial lowering of scores. Findings highlight the importance of considering the number of PVT failures along with binary valid/invalid classification in diagnostic contexts, especially in psychiatric populations, where higher rates of PVT failure are observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of claimed complete blindness: Forced-choice testing in forensic neuropsychological examinations.","authors":"Thomas Merten","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2506114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2506114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tailor-made forced-choice validity testing was introduced in the 1970s and 1980s as a method to investigate cases of suspected malingering, but with the widespread use of standardized performance validity tests it seems to have lost much of its attraction. This is the case report of claimed complete visual loss in a constellation where ophthalmologists had excluded an underlying ocular disease for years, with the exception of scars after unilateral retinal detachment. The 50-year-old claimant had undergone a court-ordered psychiatric evaluation that confirmed the presence of a dissociative blindness and recommended to legally treat the claimant like a case of genuine blindness. The judge of a state court-of-appeal finally ordered a neuropsychological evaluation to clarify the true nature of the claimed blindness. Four different tailor-made forced-choice tests were constructed. On all of them, the claimant scored significantly below chance and demonstrated that, in fact, he was able to recognize the visual stimuli used on the tests. Taylor-made forced-choice procedures attract little attention in the current neuropsychological literature, but they offer a powerful approach to differential diagnosis in specific symptom constellations for which standardized testing is not available. Unclear symptom constellations like in this case can be resolved by tailor-made testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}