Neurocognitive functioning in hispanic and non-hispanic individuals in rural West Texas and the influence of sociodemographic factors.

IF 1.5 4区心理学 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Applied Neuropsychology-Adult Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI:10.1080/23279095.2025.2524815

Lauren Elliott, Jonathan Singer, Peter Rerick, Jonathan Kelly, Athena Chung Yin Chan, Amir Abu-Samaha, Veronica Molinar-Lopez, John Bertelson, Volker Neugebauer

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Abstract

Several sociodemographic factors are known to influence neurocognitive functioning; however, little is known about their effects on Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between age, educational attainment, and Hispanic ethnicity on neurocognitive functioning in a sample of persons aged 40-96 living in rural West Texas. Our sample consisted of 1,341 participants (709 Hispanics, 632 non-Hispanics, M_age = 58.69 years, SD_age = 11.95) who completed demographic and depression questionnaires, neurocognitive evaluations (i.e., the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, Trail Making Test, and Clock Drawing), and a standardized medical examination. MANCOVAs revealed significant multivariate effects of ethnicity, age, education, income, and depression. Lower age and higher education were significantly associated with better neurocognitive functioning. Additionally, educational attainment and being younger were found to be more protective regarding executive functioning for non-Hispanic individuals compared to Hispanic individuals. These results warrant further investigation of robust risk and protective factors for neurocognitive functioning in Hispanic individuals as they appear to differ from non-Hispanic individuals, possibly due to the systematic biases and cumulative stressors that Hispanic individuals face, specifically within a rural environment.

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西德克萨斯州农村西班牙裔和非西班牙裔个体的神经认知功能及其社会人口因素的影响。

已知有几个社会人口因素会影响神经认知功能；然而，人们对它们对西班牙裔和非西班牙裔人群的影响知之甚少。本横断面研究调查了年龄、受教育程度和西班牙裔对西德克萨斯州农村40-96岁人群神经认知功能的影响。我们的样本包括1,341名参与者（709名西班牙裔，632名非西班牙裔，年龄= 58.69岁，年龄= 11.95），他们完成了人口统计和抑郁问卷，神经认知评估（即神经心理状态评估的可重复电池，Trail Making Test和Clock Drawing），以及标准化的医学检查。MANCOVAs显示种族、年龄、教育程度、收入和抑郁有显著的多变量影响。较低的年龄和较高的教育程度与更好的神经认知功能显著相关。此外，与西班牙裔人相比，非西班牙裔人的教育程度和年龄更小对执行功能更有保护作用。这些结果为进一步研究西班牙裔个体的神经认知功能的强大风险和保护因素提供了依据，因为他们似乎与非西班牙裔个体不同，这可能是由于西班牙裔个体面临的系统性偏见和累积压力因素，特别是在农村环境中。

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来源期刊

Applied Neuropsychology-Adult CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-PSYCHOLOGY

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

11.80%

发文量

134

期刊介绍： pplied Neuropsychology-Adult publishes clinical neuropsychological articles concerning assessment, brain functioning and neuroimaging, neuropsychological treatment, and rehabilitation in adults. Full-length articles and brief communications are included. Case studies of adult patients carefully assessing the nature, course, or treatment of clinical neuropsychological dysfunctions in the context of scientific literature, are suitable. Review manuscripts addressing critical issues are encouraged. Preference is given to papers of clinical relevance to others in the field. All submitted manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor-in-Chief, and, if found suitable for further considerations are peer reviewed by independent, anonymous expert referees. All peer review is single-blind and submission is online via ScholarOne Manuscripts.