Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

{"title":"Executive function, attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and theory of mind in young adults with learning disorders.","authors":"Malik M Alrefaei","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2747826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2747826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study positions ADHD symptoms as a mediating variable to investigate the potential relationships among executive function, ADHD symptoms, and Theory of Mind. The sample included 160 college students (100 men, 60 women) aged 22-25 (M = 24.80, SD = 1.01). All participants with LD were evaluated prior to entering higher education and were diagnosed with dyslexia (<i>n</i> = 60), dysgraphia (<i>n</i> = 60), and difficulties in executive functioning (<i>n</i> = 40). 100 participants stated having been also diagnosed with ADHD. The results indicated that Executive function exerts a negative and statistically significant effect on attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms (Path a). In turn, attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms showed a negative and significant predictive impact on theory of mind (Path b). The overall effect of Executive function on theory of mind was statistically significant (Path c). After including the mediating variable in the model, the direct effect of Executive function decreased, but remained statistically significant (Path c'). Finally, the analysis based on 5,000 bootstrapping samples confirmed the statistical significance of the indirect effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149197818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIHSS cutoff scores for predicting FIM motor severity at discharge in acute stroke.","authors":"Sora Kurosaki, Satoru Amano, Tetsuharu Nakazono, Syuhei Chiba, Shuichi Sasaki, Takenori Jimbo, Michinari Fukuda, Kazutoshi Nishiyama","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2746405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2746405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early estimation of activities of daily living outcomes after acute stroke is important for rehabilitation and discharge planning. The aims were to (1) examine Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor, cognitive, and total score distributions and floor and ceiling effects at discharge; (2) determine the incremental explanatory value of the acute-phase National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS); and (3) derive and internally validate NIHSS cutoff rules for distinguishing adjacent FIM motor severity levels and evaluate their incremental classification value. This retrospective cohort included 974 patients; cognitive and total FIM analyses included 969. Regression analyses and a stratified 70:30 derivation-validation split were used. Ceiling effects were observed for the FIM motor (19.2%), cognitive (34.7%), and total scores (16.0%), whereas no floor effects were observed. Adding NIHSS to clinical variables increased the explained variance for the FIM motor (ΔR² = 0.253), cognitive (ΔR² = 0.332), and total scores (ΔR² = 0.292; all <i>p</i> < .001). Higher NIHSS scores, older age, higher pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale scores, and hemorrhagic stroke were associated with greater FIM motor severity. The NIHSS >17 and >5 rules distinguished severe from moderate and moderate from mild severity, with validation-sample AUCs of 0.777 and 0.780. Adding these rules to baseline models improved the validation-sample AUCs for both comparisons, although paired classification accuracy improved significantly only for severe versus moderate severity. Sensitivity was below 0.70 in some analyses. NIHSS cutoff rules may provide reference points for estimating FIM motor severity at discharge but should not be used as stand-alone predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149185797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between executive function and core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder: Controlling for theory of mind, and age.","authors":"Manal Y I Baamer","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2737793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2737793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to use the Executive Function Indicators (EFI) with ecological dimensions to reflect the actual daily executive function of adults with ASD, while controlling for cognitive influencing factors (ToM, and age), to further explore the association between EFI and ADHD symptoms and core symptoms in adults with ASD. 120 participants were selected as the planned sample size. Age, and Happé Strange Stories score were controlled for to analyze the association between EF and ADHD symptoms and ASD symptoms (Social, Communication, and Repetitive Behaviors/Restricted Interests). These results indicate that daily executive function deficits in children with ASD are generally associated with ADHD symptoms and the severity of ASD symptoms, especially with a stronger association with ADHD symptoms. Daily EF deficits can explain more variation in the severity of ADHD symptoms. In addition to daily executive function, theory of mind ability and age are also important factors influencing the social functioning of adults with ASD. In the multiple linear regression analysis, deficits in EF were significantly associated with the severity of ASD and ADHD symptoms, especially with ADHD symptoms. No moderating effect was found on the association between The Happé Strange Stories score and age on daily EF.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tinnitus and inhibitory control in adults with bilateral hearing loss: A Stroop study in hearing aid users.","authors":"Asiye Özge Demirci, Özlem Akkoyun Sert, Sare Nur Kayacık","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2747122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2747122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This cross-sectional study examined whether tinnitus was associated with verbal information-processing speed and inhibitory control in adults with bilateral hearing loss. It included 132 bilateral hearing aid users with moderately severe or severe hearing loss: 66 with tinnitus and 66 without tinnitus. Information-processing speed, selective attention, and inhibitory control were assessed using the Stroop Test TBAG (Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu) Form, and tinnitus-related handicap was evaluated using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. The Stroop assessor was blinded to tinnitus status and questionnaire scores. Rank-based analyses of covariance adjusted for hearing-loss duration and severity, with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate correction within outcome families. After adjustment, the tinnitus group had higher mean ranks for completion times across five Stroop sections (all q ≤ .048). They made more self-corrections in Section 4 (q = .039) and more errors and self-corrections in the high-interference Section 5 (both q < .001). Stroop completion times were not significantly associated with Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores after adjustment for 20 comparisons (all q ≥ .505). These findings suggest that tinnitus is associated with longer Stroop completion times and additional difficulty with response inhibition and monitoring under high-interference conditions, whereas tinnitus-related handicap was not associated with performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The MoCA Memory Index Score (MIS) as an indicator of episodic memory impairment and its implications for cognitive screening in a mixed clinical sample.","authors":"Michael Lopez, Eric A Ford, David Jose Gomez Gonzalez, Patrick M Chen, Allison Engstrom, Aholibama Ruiz, Carmen Wong, Hayley B Kristinsson","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2745064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2745064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Memory Index Score (MIS) has shown promise as a brief indicator of episodic memory decline, but its correspondence with standardized neuropsychological memory measures in diagnostically heterogeneous clinical populations remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 119 adults referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation at a Southern California academic medical center for a range of neurological conditions. Hierarchical regression analyses examined whether the MIS predicted delayed recall on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), WMS-IV Logical Memory II, and a composite memory score, beyond age, education, and a nonmemory MoCA score. Classification accuracy for identifying memory impairment was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIS was a significant predictor of delayed memory performance across measures, with the strongest and most consistent contribution for list-learning (RAVLT) and comparatively weaker, less consistent incremental value for story-based recall. ROC analysis showed good classification accuracy (AUC = .874), with a preliminary cutoff of ≤8.5 yielding high sensitivity (.944) and moderate specificity (.687). MIS scores also differed significantly across diagnostic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MIS may offer clinically meaningful, format specific information about episodic memory and support for referral decisions, though it should not substitute for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of qigong exercises on cognitive functioning in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Anas R Alashram","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2743827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2743827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common among older adults. Qigong is a Chinese exercise that may enhance cognitive function. This review aims to investigate the effects of Qigong-based exercises on cognition in older adults with MCI. \"PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, VIP, and Web of Science\" were searched until May 2026. Quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2). Twenty-one trials (1429 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed significant improvements in global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment: SMD = 0.88, 95% CI 0.64-1.13, <i>p</i> < 0.00001; Mini-Mental State Examination: SMD = 1.03, 95% CI 0.68-1.38, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), memory (Wechsler Memory Scale: SMD = 1.03, 95% CI 0.62-1.45, <i>p</i> < 0.00001; Auditory Verbal Learning Test: SMD = 1.01, 95% CI 0.63-1.38, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), and executive function (Color-Word Matching Stroop Test: SMD = -0.93, 95% CI -1.30 to -0.56, <i>p</i> < 0.00001). The overall quality of the studies was low risk of bias. Qigong-based exercises may improve cognition in older adults with MCI, particularly global cognition, memory, and executive function domains. Further trials with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm the efficacy of the intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149139184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of HRV biofeedback on cognition in neurological conditions: Systematic review.","authors":"Farheen Ahmad, Chhavi Arora Sehgal, Majumi M Noohu, Muhammad Azharuddin, Mohammad Hammad Khan","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2738909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2738909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback is a psychophysiological intervention grounded in autonomic regulation theory, with increasing evidence linking vagal control to higher-order cognitive processes, particularly executive functioning. Adults with neurological conditions frequently exhibit autonomic dysregulation alongside cognitive impairment, suggesting HRV biofeedback as a potentially valuable adjunct in neurorehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic review aimed to critically examine the effects of HRV biofeedback on cognitive outcomes in adults with neurological disorders.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies evaluating HRV biofeedback as the primary intervention with cognitive outcomes in adult neurological populations were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro and JBI checklists. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Six studies involving 263 adults with stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease met the inclusion criteria. Across studies, HRV biofeedback was associated with improvement in executive function, attention, social cognition, and global cognitive performance, measured using validated instruments including MMSE, MoCA, BRIEF-A, and TASIT. Overall study quality was rated as good, with low to moderate risk of bias; however, heterogeneity in intervention protocols and cognitive outcomes measures limited quantitative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence suggests that HRV biofeedback may enhance cognitive functioning in adults with neurological disorders by supporting autonomic-prefrontal integration. While findings are promising, further large-scale, methodologically robust trials are required to confirm efficacy and inform clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color Trails test performance in a culturally diverse White sample: applicability of manual norms for Europeans.","authors":"Anna V Agranovich, Zarui A Melikyan, Alfonso Delgado Álvarez, Lambros Messinis, Asmus Vogel, Kasper Jørgensen, T Rune Nielsen","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2735449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2735449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Color Trails Test (CTT), designed as a culture-fair measure of visual attention and executive function, is commonly used to assess individuals from diverse backgrounds. This exploratory study evaluates the applicability of CTT manual norms in a multicultural White European sample by: (1) comparing normative scores of White European and American (U.S.) adults; (2) examining the contribution of culture-specific Individualism (IDV; Hofstede, 2001) to CTT performance; and (3) exploring generational effects within European cohorts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Demographically adjusted CTT1 and CTT2 standard scores (SS) from 903 healthy adults (mean age = 50 [SD = 20.3]; mean education = 13 years [SD = 3.5]; 55% women), compiled from seven cross-cultural studies, were compared across four European regions and the U.S., which served as the reference in unadjusted and IDV-adjusted ANCOVA models. Additional analyses compared SS across three European cohorts: young (<45), middle-aged (45-64), and older (≥65) adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CTT1 and CTT2 SS were significantly correlated with IDV. Unadjusted models showed significantly lower scores for all European regions versus the U.S. After adjusting for IDV, differences were no longer significant for CTT1 but remained for CTT2. CTT1 SS did not significantly differ across European age cohorts; CTT2 SS were significantly lower in older adults compared to younger groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the culture-fair intent of CTT, the findings demonstrate significant cross-cultural differences among participants classified within the White category, even after demographic adjustment. Hence, neuropsychologists should interpret CTT results with caution when working with culturally dissimilar individuals, regardless of their ethnicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indications and pathways of Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a predictor of neurocognitive decline and dementia: Clinical implications and management.","authors":"Kalliopi Megari, Maria Melpomeni Keramida","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2741894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2741894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease, one of the most common chronic conditions globally. Studies suggest that T2DM can increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia; T2DM has been associated with decline in memory, verbal fluency, executive function and processing speed. It seems that T2DM and AD share common biological mechanisms. Multiple studies have investigated them, suggesting that insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and neuroinflammation are some potential factors which can increase risk of dementia in patients with T2DM. Thus, it is suggested that cognitive screening in the early stages of T2DM can be beneficial to prognose disease progression. Despite the current data regarding T2DM and dementia, there is a research gap on interventions focusing on the cognitive and psychological aspects of diabetes. Therefore, future studies should focus on creating tailored interventions for diabetic patients and identify possible biomarkers for the early prediction of cognitive deficits on T2DM. With a deeper understanding, researchers can help prevent or delay cognitive impairment in patients with T2DM contributing to patient's quality of life and the broader landscape of public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADHD diagnosis, symptom severity, and WAIS-IV working memory profiles in an adult clinical sample.","authors":"Yun Ji Cha, Kounseok Lee","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2026.2740759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2026.2740759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adult=hood, but its association with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) profiles in clinical settings remains unclear. We examined whether ADHD diagnosis and dimensional symptom severity were associated with WAIS-IV indices and subtests in adults undergoing psychiatric evaluation. This retrospective study included 429 adults assessed at a tertiary university hospital between January 2023 and December 2025; 47 (11.0%) had ADHD. Separate linear regression models tested associations of ADHD diagnosis and standardized Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) scores with cognitive outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Inference used HC3 heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors and Holm correction within four outcome families. No index-level association was significant. At the subtest level, Digit Span Backward showed the largest and nominally significant difference (<i>B</i> = -1.30, 95% CI [-2.32, -0.27], unadjusted <i>p</i> = 0.014), although it did not remain significant after Holm correction (<i>p</i> = 0.095). ASRS scores were not significantly associated with outcomes. Conclusions were unchanged after excluding the 28 comparison participants with a rule-out ADHD notation. These findings do not establish an ADHD-specific WAIS-IV profile, but the Digit Span pattern, particularly the Backward difference, warrants evaluation in larger samples with performance validity assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}