Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

{"title":"Performance validity of the Dot Counting Test in a dementia clinic setting.","authors":"Sanam Monjazeb, Timothy A Crowell","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2207125","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2207125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the utility of a performance validity test (PVT), the Dot Counting Test (DCT), in individuals undergoing neuropsychological evaluations for dementia. We investigated specificity rates of the DCT Effort Index score (E-Score) and various individual DCT scores (based on completion time/errors) to further establish appropriate cutoff scores.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 56 non-litigating, validly performing older adults with no/minimal, mild, or major cognitive impairment. Cutoffs associated with ≥90% specificity were established for 7 DCT scoring methods across impairment severity subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Performance on 5 of 7 DCT scoring methods significantly differed based on impairment severity. Overall, more severely impaired participants had significantly higher E-Scores and longer completion times but demonstrated comparable errors to their less impaired counterparts. Contrary to the previously established E-Score cutoff of ≥17, a cutoff of ≥22 was required to maintain adequate specificity in our total sample, with significantly higher adjustments required in the Mild and Major Neurocognitive Disorder subgroups (≥27 and ≥40, respectively). A cutoff of >3 errors achieved adequate specificity in our sample, suggesting that error scores may produce lower false positive rates than E-Scores and completion time scores, both of which overemphasize speed and could inadvertently penalize more severely impaired individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a dementia clinic setting, error scores on the DCT may have greater utility in detecting non-credible performance than E-Scores and completion time scores, particularly among more severely impaired individuals. Future research should establish and cross-validate the sensitivity and specificity of the DCT for assessing performance validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"719-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9369922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telehealth delivery of group-format cognitive rehabilitation to older veterans with TBI: a mixed-methods pilot study.","authors":"Erica Kornblith, Sara Schweizer, Gary Abrams, Raquel Gardner, Deborah Barnes, Kristine Yaffe, Tatjana Novakovic-Agopian","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2199160","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2199160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among Veterans and may interact with aging, increasing risk for negative cognitive, emotional, and functional outcomes. However, no accessible (i.e., in-home) group interventions for TBI targeted to older adults exist. Goal Oriented Attentional Self-Regulation (GOALS) is a manualized, group cognitive rehabilitation training that improves executive function and emotional regulation among Veterans with TBI and healthy older adults. Our objectives were to adapt GOALS for delivery to older Veterans via in-home video telehealth (IVT) and evaluate feasibility and participant-rated acceptability of the telehealth GOALS intervention (TeleGOALS). Six Veterans 69+, with multiple TBIs completed the 10-session intervention in groups of 2. One participant withdrew, and another completed the remaining sessions alone (total <i>n</i> enrolled = 8). Required adaptations were noted; questionnaire responses were quantified; and feedback was analyzed and coded to identify themes. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine feasibility (i.e., recruitment and retention) and participant-rated acceptability. Minimal adaptations were required for IVT delivery. Key themes emerged: (a) the importance of telehealth logistics, (b) facilitators' roles in prioritizing interpersonal connection, and (c) telehealth's capability to create opportunities for community reintegration. Thematic saturation (the point at which feedback from respondents is consistent and no further adaptations are required) was achieved. Participants stated they would likely recommend TeleGOALS to other Veterans. Although further study with a larger, more diverse sample is required, the adapted TeleGOALS intervention appears highly feasible and acceptable for older Veterans with TBI able and willing to participate in a group-format IVT intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"615-627"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9295466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Base rates of low neuropsychological test scores in older adults with subjective cognitive impairment: Findings from a tertiary memory clinic.","authors":"Karl S Grewal, Rory Gowda-Sookochoff, Andrew Kirk, Debra G Morgan, Megan E O'Connell","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2208699","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2208699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Base rates of low scores are typically determined from normative samples, which differ from clinical samples. We examined base rates of spuriously low scores for 93 older adults with subjective cognitive impairment presenting to a memory clinic. Crawford's Monte Carlo simulation algorithm was used to estimate multivariate base rates by calculating the percentage of cognitively intact memory clinic patients who produced normed scores at or below the 5th percentile. Neuropsychological tests included: Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale block design, digit span backwards, coding, Weschler Memory Scale logical memory immediate/delayed; California Verbal Learning Test immediate/delayed memory; Brief Visuospatial Memory Test immediate/delayed; and Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning category switching, letter number sequencing, and inhibition/switching. An estimated 33.58% of the cognitively intact memory clinic population would have one or more low scores, 14.7% two or more, 6.55% three or more, 2.94% four or more, and 1.31% 5 or more due to chance. Base rates were then applied to a subset of clinical data: all with dementia and most with MCI had low scores that exceeded the base rates. Determining base rates of spuriously low scores on a neuropsychological battery in clinical samples could reduce false positives by using empirical adjustments for expected low scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"740-746"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9800495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grooved Pegboard adds incremental value over memory-apparent performance validity tests in predicting psychiatric symptom report.","authors":"Jeremy D Jinkerson, Lisa H Lu, Jan Kennedy, Patrick Armistead-Jehle, Jeremy T Nelson, Robert A Seegmiller","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2192409","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2192409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated whether Grooved Pegboard (GPB), when used as a performance validity test (PVT), can incrementally predict psychiatric symptom report elevations beyond memory-apparent PVTs. Participants (<i>N</i> = 111) were military personnel and were predominantly White (84%), male (76%), with a mean age of 43 (<i>SD =</i> 12) and having on average 16 years of education (<i>SD</i> = 2). Individuals with disorders potentially compromising motor dexterity were excluded. Participants were administered GPB, three memory-apparent PVTs (Medical Symptom Validity Test, Non-Verbal Medical Symptom Validity Test, Reliable Digit Span), and a symptom validity test (Personality Assessment Inventory Negative Impression Management [NIM]). Results from the three memory-apparent PVTs were entered into a model for predicting NIM, where failure of two or more PVTs was categorized as evidence of non-credible responding. Hierarchical regression revealed that non-dominant hand GPB T-score incrementally predicted NIM beyond memory-apparent PVTs (<i>F</i>(2,108) = 16.30, <i>p</i> < .001; <i>R²</i> change = .05, <i>β</i> = -0.24, <i>p</i> < .01). In a second hierarchical regression, GPB performance was dichotomized into pass or fail, using <i>T</i>-score cutoffs (≤29 for either hand, ≤31 for both). Non-dominant hand GPB again predicted NIM beyond memory-apparent PVTs (<i>F</i>(2,108) = 18.75, <i>p</i> <.001; <i>R²</i> change = .08, <i>β</i> = -0.28, <i>p</i> < .001). Results indicated that noncredible/failing GPB performance adds incremental value over memory-apparent PVTs in predicting psychiatric symptom report.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"597-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9743205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-year clinical trial examining the effects of speed of processing training on everyday functioning in adults with human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and borderline HAND in the U.S. Deep South: Findings of the Think Fast Study.","authors":"David E Vance, Pariya L Fazeli, Andres Azuero, Sarah Khalidi, Jennifer S Frank, Virginia G Wadley, James L Raper, Caitlin N Pope, Alexandra E Jacob, Karlene K Ball","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2209900","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2209900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) experience cognitive decline that impairs everyday functioning. Cognitive training approaches, such as speed of processing (SOP) training, may reduce the impact of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) on everyday functioning. In this experimental design study called the Think Fast Study, 216 participants age 40 and older with HAND or borderline HAND were randomized to one of three groups: (1) 10 h of SOP training (<i>n</i> = 70); (2) 20 h of SOP training (<i>n</i> = 73); or (3) 10 h of Internet Navigation Control Training (a contact control group; <i>n</i> = 73). Participants completed several everyday functioning measures at baseline, posttest, and year 1 and year 2 follow ups, which included: (a) Modified Lawton and Brody Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Questionnaire; (b) Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TIADL) Test; (c) Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning (PAOFI); (d) Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ); and (e) Medication Adherence Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Linear mixed-effect models and generalized estimating equation models were fitted to estimate between group differences at all follow-up time points. At follow-up timepoints, those in the 10-h and 20-h training groups had better scores on medication adherence measures (MAQ and VAS) than those in the control group, with effects (Cohen's <i>d</i>) ranging 0.13-0.41 for MAQ and 0.02-0.43 for VAS. In conclusion, SOP training improved some indicators of everyday functioning, specifically medication adherence; however, the therapeutic effects diminished over time. Implications for practice and research are posited.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"747-760"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10656361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using different types of visual reaction time measurements for assessing cognitive difficulties in depression.","authors":"Aleksandra Kroll, Ewa Dańczura, Piotr Podwalski, Jolanta Kucharska-Mazur, Monika Mak","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2202323","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2023.2202323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a need for objective, easy and relatively short methods to diagnose cognition in depression. We have constructed a set of simple visual tasks using three different ways of speed measuring: paper-pencil-based, computer-based, and eye-tracking based. We used a single case design with 22 participants. A clinical group counted 11 patients with major depression examined two times (first examination without medication and second after three months of medical treatment) together with a group of 11 matched healthy controls. Cognitive difficulties were observable in all the checked levels of performance. The weakest in all tasks were patients before medication, some improvement was observed after medical treatment, but not matching the level of healthy controls. Cognitive difficulties were not eliminated by medical treatment as quickly as emotional disturbances were. The observed difficulties could be interpreted in terms of psychomotor retardation, a typical symptom in depression, which proved to be mainly cognitive as the analysis of differences in reaction times and the first saccade latencies concluded. The analysis of simple visual reaction times on several stages turned out to be a promising method to measure the cognitive state in persons with mood disorders and cognitive convalescence during major depressive disorder treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"653-663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9757179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for cognitive rehabilitation in stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Anas R Alashram","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2496523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2496523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairments are one of the most common consequences in stroke survivors. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) produces electromagnetic pulses transmitted through a coil over the individual's head. This review aims to examine the effects of rTMS on cognition in stroke survivors, identify who would be most likely to benefit from the therapy, define the optimal therapeutic parameters, and provide recommendations. \"PubMed, Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, PEDro, and Web of Science\" were searched until December 5, 2024. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 4 was used for quantitative analysis. The \"Cochrane Collaboration tool\" was employed to assess the quality of the selected studies. Thirteen studies met the eligibility criteria. In total, 608 stroke survivors (mean age 60.17 years) were involved in the present review. The meta-analysis showed a small, non-significant effect of rTMS on global cognitive function in stroke survivors (Functional independence measure-cognitive; SMD = 0.386, 95% CI: -0.331 to 1.103, <i>p</i> = .291), (Mini-Mental State Examination; SMD = 0.162, 95% CI: -0.405 to 0.730, <i>p</i> = .575), and (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SMD = 0.204, 95% CI: -0.613 to 1.021, <i>p</i> = .625) with high heterogeneity (I² = 77-85%). While some studies reported improvements in specific cognitive domains, overall findings indicate substantial variability and uncertainty. This review highlights inconclusive evidence on the effects of rTMS on various cognitive domains in patients with stroke. The frequency of rTMS and coil location are essential factors in determining outcomes. Future studies are strongly warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of depression on cognitive function among women in a psychiatric hospital: Analysis via the Beck Scale Short Version and the Moroccan Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test.","authors":"Yasmine Benzahra, Siham Belbachir, Loubna Achour, Ali Hbibi Tadlaoui, Leila Tbatou, Fatima Ouasmani, Abdelhalem Mesfioui","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2490290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2490290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study assessed the impact of depression on cognitive function in newly diagnosed women presenting to psychiatric emergency services through the cold track.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ar-Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Salé, Morocco, involving 86 women aged 18-58 years, newly diagnosed with depression. Depression severity was measured using the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory Short Version, and cognitive functions were assessed with the Moroccan version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Data analysis used SPSS v.26, employing correlation tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore relationships and group differences. A confidence level of 95% and a significance threshold of 0.05 were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, severe depression was prevalent, particularly among women aged 38-48 years. Depression scores were significantly higher in women with only primary education, while widowed women exhibited the highest overall scores. Students and unemployed participants were the most severely affected. A negative correlation was observed between depression symptoms and cognitive function, with higher depression levels associated with lower cognitive scores. Feelings of sadness and concentration deficits were negatively correlated, as were feelings of discouragement and executive functions. Positive correlations emerged between feelings of guilt and verbal fluency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study underscores the relationship between depression and cognitive impairment in women, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of cognitive deficits in depressed patients. Tailored interventions should be prioritized to improve their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing virtual reality with traditional methods in cognitive rehabilitation in PICS syndrome.","authors":"A Despoti, I Patsaki, A Alexandropoulou, E Magkouti, D Tzoumi, N Leventakis, G Roussou, Α Papathanasiou, N Dimitriadi, P Presvelou, S Nanas, E Karatzanos","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2477184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2477184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Post Intensive Care Unit Syndrome (PICS) manifests deficits in physical, cognitive, and mental functions following ICU hospitalization and complicates the recovery process.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The clinical trial aimed to assess the impact of neuropsychological rehabilitation on cognitive deficits arising from ICU hospitalization. Additionally, it sought to compare the effectiveness of VR-based rehabilitation with traditional methods and investigate the safety and feasibility of VR intervention.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Thirty participants were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent cognitive training using VR, while the control group utilized traditional methods. Neuropsychological assessments (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)) were conducted before and after a 12-session intervention (three times a week for four weeks).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of the intervention type, participants exhibited statistically significant improvements in general cognitive function (<i>p</i> = 0.02), attention (<i>p</i> = 0.016), visuospatial (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and executive functions (<i>p</i> = 0.011). The experimental group showed greater improvement in visuospatial function (<i>p</i> = 0.011), while the control group demonstrated enhanced language fluency (<i>p</i> = 0.019). Correlations between cognitive functions were observed in baseline measures and their differences. VR was found to be a safe, suitable, and enjoyable rehabilitation method, as indicated by Suitability Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) scores, with a mean of 60.7 (SD = 5.5).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These preliminary data suggest that VR can be effective in the rehabilitation of cognitive functions in ICU survivors with PICS, especially in visuospatial abilities. Large-scale longitudinal clinical trials involving diverse patient groups are needed to explore the long-term impact of VR interventions on cognitive functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferential impact of processing speed and memory on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised embedded performance validity tests.","authors":"George Whitman Kent, John-Christopher A Finley, Mira I Leese, Tyler J Kukla, Hajar Ismail, Brian M Cerny, Jason R Soble, Matthew S Phillips","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2025.2492697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2025.2492697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the impact of single-domain impairment in processing speed and memory versus multidomain impairment on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Forced Choice (RAVLT FC) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Recognition Discrimination (BVMT-R RD) PVTs among a sample of 385 nonconsecutive mixed clinical patients referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. The sample was dichotomized to form valid (<i>n</i> = 307) and invalid (<i>n</i> = 78) groups. The valid study group was subdivided into an intact cognition group (<i>n</i> = 174), single-domain processing speed (<i>n</i> = 27) and memory (<i>n</i> = 59) groups, and a combined speed and memory impairment group (<i>n</i> = 47). The impaired memory group showed acceptable classification accuracy for the RAVLT FC (≤12; 35% sensitivity/90% specificity) and BVMT RD (≤4; 33% sensitivity/90% specificity). The impaired speed group evidenced excellent classification for the RAVLT FC (≤14; 64% sensitivity/96% specificity) and acceptable accuracy for the BVMT RD (≤4; 33% sensitivity/96% specificity). For the impaired speed and memory group, classification accuracy was acceptable for the RAVLT FC (≤12; 35% sensitivity/92% specificity) and poor (although still statistically significant) for the BVMT RD (≤3; 24% sensitivity/94% specificity). Therefore, use of adjusted cut-scores among neuropsychological conditions associated with deficits in memory and/or speed is needed when using these PVTs in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}