Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

{"title":"Examining objective and subjective sleep measures and neurocognition in older adults with HIV: A cross-sectional study in the deep South.","authors":"Shameka L Cody, Chuong Bui, Heather Gunn, Kelly R Doudell, Pamela P Foster, Amanda S Nance, Burel R Goodin, Stephen Justin Thomas, David E Vance","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2443168","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2443168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As people live longer with HIV, reports of poor sleep and neurocognitive impairments are expected to increase. Poor sleep and neurocognitive impairments commonly occur in people living with HIV (PLWH) and some medications (e.g., anticholinergics) contribute to these problems. The association between sleep and neurocognition among PLWH taking such medications remains unclear. This study examined trend level associations between neurocognitive domains and subjective and objective sleep outcomes. Among 29 PLWH (<i>M</i>age = 61 years old), the use of anticholinergics and/or antidepressants were examined as a moderator between neurocognition and sleep outcomes. For PLWH taking anticholinergics and/or antidepressants, the associations between insomnia and neurocognitive measures were counter-intuitive, and so were the associations between sleep time and neurocognitive measures. For these adults, objective longer sleep time was associated with poorer verbal learning (immediate, <i>p</i> = .005; delayed recall, <i>p</i> = .002) and visuospatial memory (delayed recall, <i>p</i> = .010). Greater sleep efficiency was associated with better visuospatial memory (immediate, <i>p</i> = .007; delayed recall <i>p</i> = .022). Despite sleep benefits, the use of anticholinergics and/or antidepressants may compromise neurocognitive function in older PLWH. Clinical implications include routine sleep and neurocognitive assessments along with medication monitoring to detect adverse neurocognitive effects of commonly prescribed medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?","authors":"David E Vance, Yanxun Xu, Raha Dastgheyb, Pauline M Maki, Jiayue Zhang, Gayle Springer, Kathryn Anastos, Deborah R Gustafson, Kathleen M Weber, Derek M Dykxhoorn, Joel Milam, Monica M Diaz, Seble G Kassaye, Drenna Waldrop, Junghee Lee, Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Karl Goodkin, Andrew J Leviner, Matthew Wright, Deborah Jones, Leah H Rubin","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2444573","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2444573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the association between cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV), a non-mean-based indicator of underlying neuropathology, and self-reported everyday functioning of 1,086 women with HIV (WWH) and 494 socio-demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Objective cognitive performance across seven domains and the self-rated Lawton & Brody scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were assessed among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Two types of cognitive IIV were calculated by taking the standard deviation across seven cognitive domains to calculate dispersion: 1) intra-individual standard deviation (denoted as <i>sd</i>IIV) and 2) coefficient of variation (denoted as <i>cov</i>IIV). To account for the longitudinal nature of the data, generalized linear mixed effect models were conducted to examine associations between the dispersion coefficient of cognitive IIV (predictor (<i>sd</i>IIV and <i>cov</i>IV)) and functional outcomes (item level scores). Models were conducted in the overall sample (WWH + WWoH), WWH only, virally suppressed (VS)-WWH, and WWoH. <i>sd</i>IIV and <i>cov</i>IIV were not associated with any of the IADL items among WWoH but were for WWH and VS-WWH. In WWH <i>cov</i>IIV was predictive of poorer functional performance on twice as many IADL items (10 items-money and bills, buying groceries, getting where you need to go, using the phone, home repairs, dressing, laundry, taking/keeping track of medications, taking care of children, work) than <i>sd</i>IIV (5 items). In this study, cognitive IIV predicts functional impairment and different calculations of IIV produce differential predictive value, especially for WWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition of static and dynamic emotional facial expressions in mild cognitive impairment, healthy elderly and young people.","authors":"Laura Alonso-Recio, Liz Mendoza, Juan Manuel Serrano","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2443174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2443174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The ability to recognize emotions is essential for social cognition, and its impairment can affect social interactions, contributing to loneliness and the worsening of issues in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aims to investigate the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions in MCI individuals compared to healthy elderly and young individuals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We evaluated 27 MCI individuals, 31 healthy elderly, and 29 healthy young participants using two tasks: one with static facial expressions (photographs) and another with dynamic ones (video clips).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The younger group recognized all negative emotional expressions better than the other two groups and also performed better on neutral expressions compared to MCI patients. The healthy elderly group outperformed MCI patients in recognizing most expressions, except for happiness and neutral. Additionally, the ability to recognize dynamic expressions was superior to static ones across all groups for several emotions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results emphasize the importance of assessing the ability to recognize emotional facial expressions within neuropsychological protocols, to help detect this condition early on. Given the pivotal role that emotional facial expressions play in social interactions, these difficulties can contribute to a decline in such interactions and an increase in social isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Enhancing cognitive and social functioning in acquired brain Injury: The role of virtual reality and computerized cognitive training\".","authors":"Raquel Vasconcelos, Mónica Nóbrega, Sergi Bermúdez I Badia, Ana Lúcia Faria","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2434940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2434940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive deficits in acquired brain injury patients, particularly in domains like attention, memory, executive function, and social cognition, affect patients' quality of life. While rehabilitation strategies often focus on conventional methods, emerging technologies like Virtual Reality and computerized cognitive training offer new approaches. This study explores the efficacy of a tablet-based cognitive training program and the use of Virtual Reality for social cognition assessment .</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted with 12 acquired brain injury patients. Participants were divided into experimental (N = 6) and control (N = 6) groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive training using Task Generator 2.0, while the control group received time-matched treatment-as-usual. Neuropsychological assessments, including CogMap-SC for social cognition, were performed before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental group showed significant improvements across cognitive domains (memory, attention, executive function and social cognition) compared to the control group. The reliable change index indicated significant individual improvements in the experimental group, particularly in social cognition and overall quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows promising evidence that Virtual Reality and computerized cognitive training can benefit these patients. However, limitations, such as sample size, call for further investigation to consolidate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reserve as a protective factor against cognitive impairment in chronic fatigue syndrome.","authors":"Gopika Surendran, Tony P Jose","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2434557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2434557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by persistent exhaustion and substantial declines in social and psychological functioning. Cognitive impairment (CI) is prevalent in CFS, affecting cognitive domains, such as memory, attention, and information processing. The concept of cognitive reserve (CR), positing that life experiences contribute to resilience against cognitive decline, is relevant in understanding the variability in CI among CFS patients. This study investigated the relationship between CR and CI in individuals with CFS using standardized measures, 91 participants were assessed for CR and CI. Non-parametric statistical analyses, including Spearman rank correlation, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> Test, Kruskal-Wallis <i>H</i> Test, and ordinal logistic regression were used. Results revealed a strong negative correlation between CR and CI, suggesting that higher CR is protective against CI in CFS. While gender and age did not significantly influence CR or CI, the severity of CFS was found to be a significant predictor of both variables. Individuals with more severe CFS exhibited lower CR and higher CI, emphasizing the importance of CR in mitigating cognitive decline in this condition. These findings underscore the protective role of CR against CI in CFS, suggesting potential benefits of interventions aimed at enhancing CR irrespective of gender. Future research should explore strategies to bolster CR as a therapeutic approach for managing CI in CFS more effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive function among adults with autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study.","authors":"Farangis Dehnavi, Azizuddin Khan","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2432010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2432010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Eye movement abnormalities are common in ASD, suggesting underlying cognitive impairments such as working memory and response inhibition. However, several investigations suggest deficits in inhibitory control and working memory among individuals with ASD, whereas others indicate performance levels similar to typically developing individuals. The variability observed in executive function (EF) profiles across various tasks and age cohorts underscores the intricate interplay between ASD and cognitive functioning. Therefore, to bridge these gaps and gain a comprehensive understanding of the specific components of EF affected by ASD, this study used eye-tracking technology to analyze cognitive processing. In the working memory task, the clinical group comprised adults with ASD (<i>N</i> = 52), aged between 25 and 47 years (<i>M</i> = 31.65 years, <i>SD</i> = 6.05), while the control group (non-ASD) included individuals (<i>N</i> = 53), aged between 25 and 55 years (<i>M</i> = 33.15 years, <i>SD</i> = 5.92). For the response inhibition task, the clinical group consisted of adults with ASD (<i>N</i> = 50), aged between 25 and 47 years (<i>M</i> = 31.66 years, <i>SD</i> = 6.153), and the control group comprising individuals (<i>N</i> = 56), aged between 25 and 55 years (<i>M</i> = 33.03 years, <i>SD</i> = 5.80). The study revealed that individuals with ASD demonstrate notable impairments and increased errors in EF, encompassing inhibitory control and working memory when compared to non-ASD individuals. Additionally, individuals with ASD exhibited differences in fixation duration, saccade count, and fixation count compared to their non-ASD counterparts, further highlighting the distinct cognitive profile associated with ASD. Analyzing EF in adults with ASD through eye movement patterns provides valuable insights into the underlying cognitive processes and attentional mechanisms at play.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Once is enough! An analogue study on repeated validity assessment in adults with ADHD.","authors":"Hui Dong, Yvonne Groen, Gerdina H M Pijnenborg, Oliver Tucha, Steffen Aschenbrenner, Matthias Weissbrod, Janneke Koerts, Anselm B M Fuermaier","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2431133","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2431133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Performance validity tests (PVTs) can be seen as gatekeepers for valid neuropsychological assessment, by marking cognitive test scores that may not reflect true ability levels. The present study explored the significance of repeated validity testing of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), by exploring the potential value of performance consistency across assessments. The operational definition of performance consistency was determined by calculating the mean variation in a participant's PVT scores across three separate assessments. Neuropsychological test data of 24 individuals diagnosed with ADHD were complemented by an analogue study involving 69 typically developing individuals who were allocated to either a control group or a simulation group instructed to feign ADHD. All individuals were assessed with embedded and stand-alone PVTs three times with one-month intervals between each assessment. The rate of failed validity testing remained rather stable across assessments. Significant differences in neuropsychological performance scores occurred between individuals with ADHD and experimental simulators, however, mostly nonsignificant effects of small size emerged when considering performance consistency. Our data demonstrate that the consistency of cognitive performance over repeated assessments may be no effective approach to complement validity assessment. Replication is needed in independent research on larger samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there predictable neuropsychological impairments in persons with functional movement disorder?","authors":"Bianca Kdeiss, George P Prigatano, William Travis McCuddy","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2430338","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2430338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study attempted to partially test the hypotheses recently proposed by Spagnolo, Garvey, and Hallett that patients with functional movement disorders (FMDs) should demonstrate impaired performance when presented with tasks that sample affect expression/perception, working memory, and cognitive/motor control. A retrospective chart review of the neuropsychological test performance of 17 adult FMD patients was performed to test these hypotheses. Performance on the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition, and the modified version of the Halstead Finger Tapping Test were used to measure these behaviors. Patients with FMD had difficulty performing tasks involving affect expression/perception and working memory relative to other cognitive functions. However, only one-third of the sample demonstrated clinically relevant slow finger tapping speeds. Our findings are consistent with the predictions proposed by Spagnolo et al. that disturbance of affect expression/perception and working memory are common in patients with FMD. However, there was less evidence for consistent disturbances in cognitive/motor control. Exploring what FMD patients experience when performing these tasks may facilitate their awareness of how non-neurological factors may contribute to their symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III for detecting vascular dementia in Iranian patients with stroke: A secondary data analysis.","authors":"Sajjad Rezaei, Karim Asgari Mobarake, Maryam Jafroudi, Alia Saberi, Mozaffar Hosseininezhad, Babak Bakhshayesh Eghbali, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2429549","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2429549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the third version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE-III), and exploring its diagnostic power for a sample of stroke patients in the Iranian population. This was a cross-sectional analytical study, in which 206 patients with stroke were compared with 200 normal individuals as the control group. The patients were diagnosed based on the findings of neuroimaging and clinical examination by a neurologist. ACE-III, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), and The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5) were used to gather the data and assess the vascular dementia in the patients. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, discriminant function analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to respectively measure internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, sensitivity, specificity, and the cutoff point of ACE-III. Internal consistency of ACE-III was excellent (α = 0.92 - 0.95), and convergent validity was measured through calculating the correlation between the scores of ACE-III and MoCA, which was very high (r = 0.957, P < 0.0001). Moreover, overall classification accuracy of ACE-III revealed that it is able to differentiate 87% of patients with vascular dementia from other patients. The area under the ROC curve was found to be 0.84, and cutoff point was 45/46, at which sensitivity and specificity were obtained as 0.72 and 0.90, respectively. ACE-III is a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient tool for evaluating cognitive deficits in specialized neurology clinics to provide a clinical and differential diagnosis of vascular dementia after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in patients with acute cerebellar stroke and its impact on outcome.","authors":"Tokuaki Shinya, Kota Yamauchi, Shota Tanaka, Kei Goto, Shuji Arakawa","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2429553","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2429553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale (CCAS-S) in patients with acute cerebellar stroke (ACS) and examine its relationship with the discharge destination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with first-time ACS admitted to our hospital between April 2021 and April 2023 were included. The CCAS-S, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) were evaluated 1 week after stroke onset, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM)/Barthel Index (BI) at discharge, duration of hospitalization, and discharge destination were evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare CCAS-S and variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen consecutive patients with ACS and age-matched comparison groups were included. The MMSE was within the normal range in all patients; however, patients with stroke had a lower total CCAS-S score (median 72, IQR 66-80) and a higher number of failed tests (median 4, IQR 3-5) than comparison. Significant deficits were observed in semantic fluency (<i>p</i> = 0.008), category switching (<i>p</i> = 0001), and similarity (<i>p</i> = 009). Definite CCAS were diagnosed 10 patients, respectively. Patients discharged home showed better SARA and FIM/BI but similar CCAS-S compared to those discharged to rehabilitation hospitals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with ACS, it is the impairment of motor function, not CCAS, that affects discharge destination.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142631049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}