Air Quality Atmosphere and Health最新文献

{"title":"Adapting non-parametric spline representations of outdoor air pollution health effects associations for use in public health benefits assessment","authors":"Richard Burnett,&nbsp;Michael Cork,&nbsp;Neal Fann,&nbsp;Hong Chen,&nbsp;Scott Weichenthal","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01507-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01507-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The magnitude and shape of the association between outdoor air pollution concentrations and health need to be characterized in order to estimate public health benefits from proposed mitigation strategies. Specialized parametric functions have been proposed for this characterization. However, non-parametric spline models offer more flexibility, less bias, and predictive power, in describing these associations and are thus preferred over relatively simple parametric formulations. Unrestricted spline representations are often reported but many are not suitable for benefits analysis due to their erratic concentration-response behavior and are usually not presented in a format consistent with the requirements necessary to conduct a benefits analysis. We propose a method to adapt non-parametric spline representations of concentration-response associations that are suitable for public health benefits analysis by transforming spline predictions and its uncertainty over the study exposure range to a new spline formulation that is both monotonically increasing and restricted to concentration-response patterns suitable for use in health benefits assessment. We selected two examples of the association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and mortality in Canada and the USA that displayed spline fits that were neither monotonically increasing nor suitable, we suggest, for benefits analysis. We suggest our model is suitable for benefits analysis and conduct such analyses for both Canada and the USA, comparing benefits estimates to traditional models. Finally, we provide guidance on how to report spline fitting results such they can be used either in benefits analysis directly, or to fit our new model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11869-024-01507-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139587878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM2.5 wintertime sensitivity to changes in NOx, SO2, and NH3 emissions in Lombardy Region","authors":"Loris Colombo,&nbsp;Alessandro Marongiu,&nbsp;Giuseppe Fossati,&nbsp;Giulia Malvestiti,&nbsp;Elisabetta Angelino","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01519-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01519-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Po Valley stands out as one of the most urbanized and industrialized regions in Europe. For decades, it has been grappling with the impact of human exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5). The Lombardy Region in northern Italy, a key area within the Po Valley, experiences a complex interplay of main emission precursors (NH₃, NO_x, and SO_x), leading to the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols. In this paper, we investigate the effects of reducing NH₃, NO_x, and SO_x emissions, individually and in combination, on PM_2.5 concentrations in the Lombardy Region. Our analyses employ the operational Air Quality model, used daily by ARPA Lombardia. The focus of the study is wintertime period (1 January–31 March), recognized as the most challenging period of the year due to strong correlations between NH₃, PM₁₀, (NH₄)NO₃, and (NH₄)₂SO₄ concentrations and peaking days of ammonia emissions from slurry spreading. Our results reveal that, during wintertime emission reductions, (a) PM_2.5 concentration changes exhibit linearity within 25% reduction of precursors, with non-linearities increasing as precursors reductions surpass this threshold; (b) the NO_x-sensitive areas extend spatially up to 50% reductions and localize in areas with higher NH₃ emissions; (c) NH₃-sensitive areas are concentrated in densely urbanized regions of the Lombardy Region; and (d) sensitive chemical regimes are mixed, and it is more effective to reduce both NH₃ and NO_x rather than SO_x (emissions of which are not abundant).</p><p>Final discussions, considering furtherly both summertime and yearly simulations, underscore the significance of focusing on wintertime. PM_2.5 responses to precursors display significant spatial variations compared to summertime, where NO_x-sensitive areas predominate. These findings provide valuable insights into reducing PM_2.5 concentrations, assisting air quality policymakers in understanding the impacts of precursor emissions on PM_2.5 levels during wintertime.</p>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139587877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical fractionation of elements in leaf-deposited particulate matter of an urban area in India","authors":"Sai Pooja Mohanty,&nbsp;Rajesh Mishra,&nbsp;Sradhanjali Basti,&nbsp;Chandan Sahu","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01523-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01523-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plants act as natural scrubbers of urban air particulate matter. However, chemical fractionation of leaf-deposited particulate matter is an unexplored research area demanding immediate attention to get an insight into the source and fate of elements in plants. Therefore, work was carried out to evaluate the spatial and species variability in capturing air particles with variable elemental chemical fractions in an urban area in India. The results favor a distinct spatial and species variability in trapping total and fractional elemental leaf-deposited particulate matter (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Spatially, sensitive (0.135–16.979 μg/cm²) and industrial zones (0.043–3.982 μg/cm²) had a significant impact on the elemental fractionation of particles with the highest inter-species variation. Similarly, <i>Mangifera indica</i> was the best performer in trapping elements of all chemical fractions and was in the order <i>M. indica</i> &gt; <i>Butea monosperma</i> &gt; <i>Ficus benghalensis</i>. Ca and Na were found to be in all chemical fractions. When evaluated for biochemical impact, the leaf-extract pH and relative water content did not show any significant role in regulating the chemical fractionation in leaf deposits. Scanning electron micrographs highlighted the role of the waxy layer and pubescens as efficient particle retention zones. Thus, it is concluded that the chemical fractionation of elements in leaf-deposited particulate matter depends on the category of area and type of plant species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139587605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical dispersion modeling of droplets expired by humans while speaking","authors":"Livia Grandoni,&nbsp;Agnese Pini,&nbsp;Armando Pelliccioni,&nbsp;Pietro Salizzoni,&nbsp;Loïc Méès,&nbsp;Giovanni Leuzzi,&nbsp;Paolo Monti","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01501-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01501-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As known from recent COVID-19 pandemics, droplets emitted by humans during various respiratory activities can contain pathogens and be responsible for infectious disease transmission. The study of droplet dispersion is fundamental to estimate and possibly control the associated risk. Numerical simulations are useful as they make it possible to afford the complexity of this phenomenon. However, they require precise droplet and air properties as input data in order to provide reliable results. A lack of knowledge still exists due to the difficulties in measuring droplet sizes over a wide range and in capturing sizes and velocities simultaneously. In this work, numerical simulations were conducted using experimental data collected by the authors, taking advantage of innovative information about particle velocity relative to their size. Two measurement campaigns involving 20 volunteers were carried out. The size and the three velocity components of the ejected droplets were simultaneously measured for droplets down to <span>(varvec{2 mu m})</span> using an extended version of the Interferometric Laser Imaging Droplet Sizing technique. The effect of droplet initial velocity on droplet dispersion is assessed, along with the effect of other parameters, namely, ambient temperature and air ejection velocity. Both inert and evaporating droplets are considered in the simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The possible emission sources and atmospheric photochemical processes of air pollutants in Tehran, Iran: the role of micrometeorological factors on the air quality","authors":"Mohammad Saleh Ali-Taleshi,&nbsp;Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Mauro Masiol","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01499-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01499-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hourly concentrations of eight air pollutants relevant for human health and climate (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, O₃, NO, NO₂, NO_x, SO₂, and CO) were investigated for 1 year (January 2018 to December 2018) at an urban location of a megacity in the Middle East (Tehran, Iran). The spatial distributions of air pollutants were detected via inter-site correlations and coefficients of divergence. The most likely predominant atmospheric processes and sources were determined by interpreting the seasonal, weekly, and diel patterns of air pollutants and the lagged correlations among pollutants. The effect of meteorological factors upon the air pollutants was evaluated by investigating the relationships with key weather factors. The locations of the possible local sources were identified by integrating atmospheric circulation and air pollutant data through bivariate polar plots and conditional bivariate probability function. Potential transboundary source areas were detected using potential source contribution function and concentration-weighted trajectory. Results show that emission factors, weather, and photochemical processes mainly shape the diel and weekly cycles of air pollutants. Compared to other pollutants, daily cycles of SO₂ are quite different among sites and show both bimodal and unimodal patterns. While the WPSCF map for O₃ does not show a remarkable pattern, primary gaseous pollutants presented similar distribution patterns with the most potential source areas with high WPSCF values from the western areas. By providing useful information on air pollutants at local and transboundary scales, the current study finally empowers general considerations upon the atmospheric processes and air quality status over the Tehran metropolitan area.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between outdoor air pollutants and risk of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xi’an, China","authors":"Xinping Fan,&nbsp;Xueyan Jie,&nbsp;Fan Zou,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Hongju Da,&nbsp;Hongxin Li,&nbsp;Hongyan Zhao,&nbsp;Jin He,&nbsp;Jianghao Liu,&nbsp;Yiyi Lu,&nbsp;Yun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01513-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01513-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attention has been paid to the association between outdoor air pollutants and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Xi’an has special basin topography and meteorological conditions as well as developed industries. All these make the outdoor air pollution in Xi 'an serious. Thus, we wish to assess the association between outdoor air pollutants and AECOPD in Xi’an, China. Daily AECOPD inpatient and outpatient visits in 2018 were collected from the eight first-class large general hospitals at grade 3. Data on pollutants and weather conditions in Xi 'an from January 1 to December 31, 2018 were accessed from Xi 'an Environmental Protection Bureau and Xi 'an Meteorological Bureau. Spearman rank correlation, linear regression, and generalized additive models were used for data analysis. Outdoor air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO) increase the risk of AECOPD. The impact of air pollutants on AECOPD patients has a hysteresis effect. PM10, PM2.5, CO, and NO₂ are associated with acute exacerbation in female COPD patients. PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO₂, and NO₂ are associated with acute exacerbation in old COPD patients (70 &lt; age ≤ 80 years old). CO is associated with acute exacerbation in COPD Patients with eosinophils absolute count ≥ 300/μL. PM10 is associated with acute exacerbation in COPD patients with eosinophils absolute count &lt; 100/μL. Exposure to PM10, PM2.5, SO₂, NO₂, and CO is positively associated significantly with hospital visits for AECOPD in Xi’an. Various air pollutants have different associations with different types of AECOPD patients. The relationship between O₃ and AECOPD still needs to be further explored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of air pollution on residents’ health in China: the mediating effect of population migration","authors":"Jianru Fu,&nbsp;Haifeng Fu,&nbsp;Chaoping Zhu,&nbsp;Ying Sun,&nbsp;Honghao Cao,&nbsp;Xin Deng","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01506-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01506-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At present, air pollution remains a serious environmental issue with extensive attention in China. It may not only cause population outflow but also poses significant threats to residents’ health. Therefore, it has become an imperative initiative to explore the impact of air pollution on the residents’ health. In this paper, we map the spatial distribution of air pollution, population migration, and residents’ health between 2010 and 2020 based on panel data from 31 Chinese provinces. Theoretical analysis and empirical tests are then carried out to investigate the intrinsic logical relationships between the three. The research findings demonstrate the following: (1) Air pollution not only has a direct negative impact on residents’ health, but it also has an indirect impact on residents’ health through the mediating effect of population migration. (2) Air pollution has a significant negative spatial spillover effect on residents’ health, and neighboring residents are at greater health risk of being exposed to air pollution than local residents. (3) Economic development, environmental regulation, and their interaction term exhibit a single threshold effect on the health risk of air pollution. (4) From the perspective of regional heterogeneity, we find that the health risk of air pollution is greater in northern China and the southeast of the Hu Line. This paper provides valuable insights for promoting the implementation of the grand strategies of “Beautiful China” and “Healthy China.”</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the number of atmospheric releases and other parameters by Bayesian inference","authors":"Roseane A. S. Albani,&nbsp;Vinicius V. L. Albani,&nbsp;Luiz E. S. Gomes,&nbsp;Helio S. Migon,&nbsp;Antonio J. Silva Neto","doi":"10.1007/s11869-023-01497-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-023-01497-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose a methodology to estimate unknown atmospheric releases, including the number of emissions, addressing overfitting, and using an economical number of unknowns. It is based on the combination of accurate modeling to solve the dispersion problem with Bayesian inference to identify the parameters from observed concentrations. The estimation tool is tested with the Fusion Field Trial 2007 (FFT-07) data set.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of Middle East springtime dust events between 2011 and 2022","authors":"Parya Broomandi,&nbsp;David Galán-Madruga,&nbsp;Alfrendo Satyanaga,&nbsp;Mehdi Hamidi,&nbsp;Dorna Gholamzade Ledari,&nbsp;Aram Fathian,&nbsp;Rasoul Sarvestan,&nbsp;Nasime Janatian,&nbsp;Ali Jahanbakhshi,&nbsp;Mehdi Bagheri,&nbsp;Ferhat Karaca,&nbsp;Ali Al-Dousari,&nbsp;Jong Ryeol Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01510-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01510-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Middle East frontal sand and dust storms (SDS) occur in non-summer seasons, and represent an important phenomenon of this region’s climate. Among the mentioned type, spring SDS are the most common. Trend analysis was used in the current study to investigate the spatial-temporal variability of springtime dust events in the Middle East using synoptic station observation from 2011 to 2022. The plausible changes in some controlling factors of dust activity at selected important dust sources in the Middle East were also studied during this time period. Our results showed a statistically significant spike in springtime dust events across the Middle East, particularly in May 2022. To evaluate the relative importance of controlling factors, the applied feature of importance analysis using random forest (RF) showed the higher relative importance of topsoil layer wetness, surface soil temperature, and surface wind speed in dust activity over the Middle East between 2011 and 2022. Long-term trend analysis of topsoil moisture and temperature, using the Mann-Kendall trend test, showed a decrease in soil moisture and an increase in soil temperature in some selected important dust sources in the Middle East. Moreover, our predictions using ARIMA models showed a high tendency to dust activities in selected major dust origins (domain 2 and domain 5) with a statistically significant increase (<i>p</i>-value &lt; 0.05) between 2023 and 2029. Observed spatial and temporal changes within SDS hotspots can act as the first step to build up for the first time an SDS precise intensity scale, as well as establishing an SDS early warning system in future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risks and air quality by PM2.5 in the leeward area of the Asian continent in the preceding year of the MARPOL Treaty enforcement","authors":"Xi Zhang,&nbsp;Masahide Aikawa","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01514-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-024-01514-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has formulated stringent ship emission regulations, and the global fuel sulfur limit of 0.50% became effective in 2020. Kitakyushu City is in the coastal suburbs of western Japan, and PM_2.5 had already decreased prior to the global low-sulfur regulation, with concentrations in 2017, 2018, and 2019 of 12.2, 13.4, and 8.1 µg·m⁻³, respectively. The loading particles of the air masses passing through the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea in 2019 decreased to 3.4 µg·m⁻³, which was obviously higher than that of other air masses (0.5 µg·m⁻³), and the contribution of nss-SO₄²⁻ could reach 56%, followed by OC (23%) and NH₄⁺ (21%). Moreover, the characteristics of typical ship-emitted metals (V, Ni, As, Sb, W, and Cd) also changed greatly. Their sum concentrations in 2017, 2018, and 2019 were 10.6, 11.1, and 6.9 ng·m⁻³, respectively, which showed an annual variation similar to that of nss-SO₄²⁻. As for the particle exposure risk, the lowest chronic effect and carcinogenic risk were observed in 2019, with hazard indices (HI) for adults and children of 0.9 and 7.6, and carcinogenic risks (CRs) of 3.8 × 10⁻⁵ and 8.4 × 10⁻⁵, respectively. In this study, the health risks as well as air quality prior to the enforcement of the MARPOL Treaty in the leeward area of the Asian continent were totally and more precisely studied and evaluated based on the annual dataset; revealing the influence of trans-boundary transportation under individual Chinese regulations on the particle characteristic variations in Kitakyushu, Japan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139510509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}