Air Quality Atmosphere and Health最新文献

{"title":"Effect of cholesterol and other selected physiological parameters on in vitro lung bioaccessibility of particle-bound potentially toxic elements","authors":"Akmaral Agibayeva,&nbsp;Mert Guney,&nbsp;Aruzhan Merekeyeva,&nbsp;Ferhat Karaca,&nbsp;Egemen Avcu","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01802-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01802-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, the number of studies on in vitro lung bioaccessibility of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has increased; however, physiological parameters for these tests have yet to be optimized. This study aims to (1) evaluate the effect of adding cholesterol to synthetic lung fluid on PTEs bioaccessibility, and to (2) assess the effect of other selected test parameters on bioaccessibility. The bioaccessibility of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn have been investigated using seven formulations of Gamble’s solution (GS, with/without cholesterol/DPPC) and one artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) on two reference materials (SRM 2691, BGS 102). The bioaccessibility of certain PTEs increased in GS modified with 5% DPPC (e.g., V in BGS 102 from 2.87 to 8.35%), 0.25% cholesterol (e.g., Cr in SRM 2691 from 27.3 to 31.5%), and 2% DPPC + 0.25% cholesterol (e.g., Cu in BGS 102 from 43.9 to 46.2%). Using DPPC + cholesterol may be recommended for bioaccessibility testing. The effect of the tested solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) was sample/element-specific. Overall, lower S/L led to higher bioaccessibility in ALF (e.g., for Pb: 94.8% at 1/500 vs. 36.5% at 1/100). The peak bioaccessibility was reached at a 4-week extraction, suggesting a longer testing duration when feasible. Higher agitation (100 vs. 20 rpm) increased the bioaccessibility of some PTEs (e.g., 91.0% vs. 79.7% for Cd in BGS 102). Method modifications would prove valuable when used together with highly needed in vivo validation studies for in vitro lung bioaccessibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2895 - 2909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11869-025-01802-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between ambient Pm2.5 and daily outpatient visits of ophthalmic diseases in Dandong City, China","authors":"Jiewen Tan,&nbsp;Guangcong Liu,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Jinyue Gao,&nbsp;Junlong Wang,&nbsp;Tao Xie,&nbsp;Zhaojun Guan,&nbsp;Mu Huang,&nbsp;Xinyang Hu,&nbsp;Shu Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Liang,&nbsp;Lianzheng Yu,&nbsp;Guangying Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01805-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01805-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) has been associated with ophthalmic diseases; however, its seasonal variations remain insufficiently explored, particularly in cool climate regions. This time series investigated the association between short-term PM_2.5 exposure and daily ophthalmic outpatient visits, as well as the potential seasonal variations and the mediating role of relative humidity in Dandong between 2016 and 2019. A total of 326,840 outpatient visit records were collected from two municipal hospitals. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to estimate the excess risk ratio (ERR₁₀(%)) associated with a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5, while mediation analysis was employed to assess the indirect effects mediated by relative humidity and temperature. A positive association was observed between PM_2.5 exposure and daily ophthalmic outpatient visits. Based on 7-day moving averages, the ERR₁₀(%) was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.39–1.89) at lag 0–3 days and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.30–1.80) at lag 0–4 days, exceeding those obtained from the 2-, 3-, and 5-day moving averages. Seasonal analysis revealed associations during the non-heating season, with ERR₁₀(%) estimates reaching 2–4% at lag 0–3 days, while weaker associations were detected during the heating season. Furthermore, relative humidity exhibited a partial mediating effect in the association between PM_2.5 exposure and daily outpatient visits. These findings provide robust evidence of the short-term association between PM_2.5 exposure and ophthalmic health in cool climate regions and highlight the need to include seasonal variation in risk assessments and target public health interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2883 - 2894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol type influences on air and climate over the southern hemisphere","authors":"Ibtissam Marsli,&nbsp;Mohammed Diouri","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01801-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01801-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Southern hemisphere (SH) registers significant seasonal variations due to westerly winds, and observes an important intercontinental air pollution transport. We investigate aerosol optical properties based on AERONET/PHOTONS ground measurements of fifteen SH sites. Aerosol optical depth AOD_0,5 increases from August to October over South African sites with a peak reaching 0.4, and aerosol particle size distributions display the predominance of fine mode. However, the coarse mode was high in East Africa. The relating AOD_0,5 versus Ångström exponent (α_0.44–0.87) shows a dominated two main aerosol types, marine aerosols (CM) neighboring to the ocean, and urban/industrial pollution and biomass-burning particles (BB/UI). The aerosol radiative forcing of the vertical columnar atmospheric balance showed a heating effect in all sites with high values observed over South African sites suggesting a large abundance of absorbing aerosols and mostly biomass burning. The variation of single scattering albedo (SSA) over all the studied sites reveals the presence of many aerosol particle classes during the whole period (2018–19).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2869 - 2882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the characteristics and risks of bioaerosols in school hospital before and after the COVID-19 epidemic","authors":"Yanjie Wang,&nbsp;Yifan Liu,&nbsp;Changfu Hao,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Haoran Zhu,&nbsp;Bisheng Lai,&nbsp;Hao Dong,&nbsp;Fengguang Chai,&nbsp;Hao Lou,&nbsp;Qing Hong","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01803-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01803-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indoor campus bioaerosols directly impact the health of students and faculty. Although the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered bioaerosol characteristics in university hospitals, related research remains limited. This study investigated the concentrations, size distributions, microbial compositions and health risks across bioaerosols from four typical sites (NGM: the north gym, SHM: school hospital, CR: classroom, L: library) in 2019 (Pre-COVID). Additionally, we tracked changes in bioaerosol characteristics in the SHM for three years (Pre-COVID: 2019, During-COVID: 2020, Post-COVID: 2021). In Pre-COVID, the bioaerosol concentrations of four sites were as follows: SHM (51 ± 39 CFU/m³) &gt; L (49 ± 20 CFU/m³) &gt; CR (28 ± 18 CFU/m³) &gt; NGM (27 ± 27 CFU/m³). The major bacterial genera identified in four sites were <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Sphingomonas</i>, and <i>Sediminibacterium</i>. Monitoring of the SHM revealed that bioaerosol concentrations increased to 100 ± 66 CFU/m³ in During-COVID and decreased to 69 ± 49 CFU/m³ in Post-COVID, with highest pathogenic risk observed in Post-COVID. In During-COVID, <i>Brevundimonas</i>, <i>Acinetobacter</i>, and <i>Enterococcus</i> were major bacterial genera. Only <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> and <i>Pantoea</i>, which were not detected in the previous two years were present in Post-COVID. The proportion of fine particle (size &lt; 2.5 μm) was increased every year, from 24.67% to 58.83%, increasing the risk of inhaling potential pathogens. This study elucidated the characteristic differences of bioaerosols in indoor campus environments and highlighted the changes of bioaerosols at SHM after the COVID-19 pandemic, providing important insights for mitigating the inhalation risks of potential pathogenic bacteria and strengthening public health strategies in university settings.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2841 - 2852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of vehicle-induced road dust resuspension using a novel experimental approach in semi-controlled conditions","authors":"Ahmed Benabed,&nbsp;Elizabeth Fu,&nbsp;Adrian Arfire,&nbsp;Pierre Pousset","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01807-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01807-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Road traffic-induced dust resuspension is a significant contributor to transport-related particulate matter (PM) emissions. However, current attempts to quantify this source show significant discrepancies across studies. This variability primarily arises from limitations in experimental methodologies, which often fail to assess the effects of key influencing parameters particularly vehicle speed, vehicle weight, and surface dust load. As a result, existing empirical models typically do not account for these factors, leading to limited predictive reliability. To address these shortcomings, this study investigates the influence of these three parameters on vehicle-induced road dust resuspension under controlled conditions. A new experimental protocol was specifically designed and implemented on an isolated test track. This involved artificially seeding a road section with particles and subsequent passages using electric vehicles- Hybrid Peugeot 3008 and FIAT 500e- at different speeds. The resulting resuspended particle cloud was characterized using a network of microsensors positioned near the seeded section. Experimental emission factors of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 (EF10, EF2.5, EF1) for both vehicles show a strong positive correlation with vehicle speed, significantly exceeding U.S. EPA and Amato model predictions, especially at higher speeds. Observed emissions were up to 8.4 times greater than AP-42 estimates for EF2.5, while differences between vehicles were marginal. Surface loading influenced EF10 and EF2.5 but had a negligible impact on EF1. The proposed model highlights speed as the dominant driver of resuspension, contrasting with AP-42’s emphasis on vehicle weight and loading, though further validation is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2823 - 2839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation of wind direction and coal terminal activity patterns with air pollution burden in a community bordering a coal export terminal, Curtis Bay, Maryland, USA","authors":"Lauren N. Deanes,&nbsp;Bonita D. Salmerón,&nbsp;Matthew A. Aubourg,&nbsp;Laura E. Schmidt,&nbsp;Kristoffer Spicer,&nbsp;Caila Wagar,&nbsp;Gregory G. Sawtell,&nbsp;Carlos C. Sanchez-Gonzalez,&nbsp;David Jones,&nbsp;Angela Shaneyfelt,&nbsp;David H. Hagan,&nbsp;David McClosky,&nbsp;Nicholas J. Spada,&nbsp;Russell R. Dickerson,&nbsp;Vivek Ravichandran,&nbsp;Sacoby M. Wilson,&nbsp;Anik Burman,&nbsp;Abhirup Datta,&nbsp;Christopher D. Heaney","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01773-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01773-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Residents of Curtis Bay, South Baltimore, Maryland living near an open-air coal terminal have raised concerns about dark dust in their community. Coal particles have been detected in this dark dust, however, the relationship between coal terminal activity and air pollution in Curtis Bay remains unclear. This study aimed to determine how air quality varied in relation to changes in wind direction and observed coal terminal activity. We measured particulate matter (PM₁, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, total suspended particles) and black carbon (BC) concurrently with wind direction and visible coal terminal bulldozer activity (camera-based) at equivalent 1-minute time scales. We used conditional fixed-effects regression models to evaluate relationships between local air pollution and (1) wind direction and (2) visible bulldozer activity on coal piles. From July 5, 2022–July 16, 2023, a ten-node air monitoring network collected 2,121,793 PM and 360,325 BC 1-minute records. When downwind of the coal terminal versus not downwind, PM was 0.66 to 5.3 µg/m³ higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and BC was 0.11 µg/m³ higher (95% CI = 0.10, 0.12). When bulldozer activity was visible versus not visible, PM was 0.49 to 2.2 µg/m³ higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and BC was 0.09 µg/m³ higher (95% CI = 0.08, 0.10). The associations between bulldozer activity and air pollutant concentrations were ~ 2.0–2.8 times higher downwind of the coal terminal versus not (all <i>p</i>-interaction &lt; 0.001). PM and BC air pollution was greater in Curtis Bay when downwind of and when bulldozer activity was visible at the coal terminal, and highest when both occurred jointly. Mitigation strategies appear warranted to reduce PM and BC air pollution burden associated with coal terminal activities in Curtis Bay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2805 - 2821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12459635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian perspective of PM2.5 attributed human health hazards during 2010–2025","authors":"Sukanya Ghosh,&nbsp;Dona Sinha","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01793-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01793-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the last decade, the air quality in India has been a serious public health concern. Unfortunately, the most fertile Indo–Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India has been reported as one of the world’s most highly air polluted regions and it shelters more than a billion people. Alarmingly the average particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5) population exposure ranges between 75–100 µg/m³ which is much above the annual mean PM_2.5 concentrations set by National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)-40 µg/m³, India and the Air Quality Guideline (AQG)-5 µg/m³ recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Source apportionment and characterization of PM_2.5, though performed extensively, has remained largely unexplored in rural India. Health effects of ambient and household PM_2.5 pollution ranges from excess diseases to premature mortality mainly from Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD), stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), and lung cancer. Besides, exposure to high level of PM_2.5 is associated with increased risk of reproductive failures, respiratory diseases, CVDs, type–2 diabetes, osteoporosis, kidney dysfunction, neurological disorders and cancer. Children, women and elderly people are at maximal risk of incurring PM_2.5–associated morbidity and mortality. Despite these health concerns, India has witnessed limited research on the impact of PM_2.5 on molecular epidemiology associated with the human health effects. In this review we have attempted to give a comprehensive view of the health effects inflicted by PM_2.5 in India, the challenges confronted by the subcontinent and the remedial measures which may be adapted to reduce the disease burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2765 - 2804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of air pollution tolerance and anticipated performance indices of different tree species growing in urban environment","authors":"Mohan Prasanthrajan,&nbsp;Maisnam Sushima Devi,&nbsp;Joseph Ezra John,&nbsp;Kanagaraj Blessy Monica,&nbsp;Chandan Sahu,&nbsp;Chidambaram Poornachandhra,&nbsp;Kalappan Thangamuthu Parthiban,&nbsp;Raja Mani Jayabalakrishnan,&nbsp;Sradhanjali Basti","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01792-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01792-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study deals with the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of thirty eight tree species growing in polluted and unpolluted areas of Coimbatore city to identify their tolerance against air pollution. A comprehensive assessment on APTI was carried out at first over two years, considering the changes in physiological factors like relative water content, leaf extract pH, ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll. Furthermore, API of these 38 tree species was employed to assess their performance against air pollution based on diverse characteristics like tolerance (APTI), biological parameters (tree habit, canopy structure, type of tree), morphological laminar structure (leaf size, texture, hardiness), and socioeconomic factors (multiple uses). The combination of APTI and API emerges as a pivotal approach for identifying the right species for urban green endeavors. From the present study, <i>Ficus religiosa</i> (APTI 29.19), <i>Polyalthia longifolia</i> (APTI 25.81), <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i> (APTI 18.91), <i>Samanea saman</i> (APTI 17.83) and <i>Thespesia populnea</i> (APTI 17.15<i>)</i> are the best suited tree species for planting in an air pollution zone as these trees poses high APTI values. Similarly, plant species with API scores as 81.25% for <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>, <i>Tamarindus indica</i>, <i>Terminalia catappa</i> and <i>Thespesia populnea</i> while as 75% for <i>Azadirachta indica</i>, <i>Alstonia scholaris</i>, <i>Ficus religiosa</i> and <i>Mangifera indica</i> displayed notable tolerance to air pollution. Finally, micro morphological features of <i>Ficus religiosa</i>, <i>Polyalthia longifolia</i>, <i>Pithecellobium dulce</i>,<i> Samanea saman</i> and <i>Thespesia populnea</i> leaves observed through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirm that these tree species poses high particulate matters retention capacity which make them desirable for air pollution zone.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2727 - 2748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV Index from Global Solar Irradiance: Performance according to cloudiness and air mass","authors":"Agustín Laguarda,&nbsp;Gonzalo Abal","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01788-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01788-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultraviolet (UV) irradiance from the Sun has potential negative health impacts. Erythemal UV irradiance (UV-E) is obtained by weighting UV radiation in the 250-400 nm range with the average skin erythemal response function. UV-E is proportional to the UV Index (UVI), a tool used worldwide to inform the public about this environmental hazard. Since this magnitude is not currently measured at most meteorological sites, satellite based estimates are often used to generate UV-E information over broad areas. However, for a climatological characterization of variability and typical doses of UV-E, long time series with low biases are required. An alternative approach is to estimate UV-E from readily available information with which UV-E is highly correlated. This work builds upon previous research, which evaluated a simple model (Power Model or PM) to estimate UV-E from Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), relative air mass, and total atmospheric ozone concentration at the 10-minute level. In that general analysis, the model showed an uncertainty below 12% (as measured by its relative Root Mean Squared Deviation or rRMSD) when compared with ground UV-E measurements. Here, we present a more in-depth assessment of this model, using high-quality data from four mid-latitude temperate sites. The deviations of the model estimates from UVI ground measurements are analyzed under different cloudiness conditions and across a broad range of air masses. Our results confirm that PM performs best under clear skies and low air masses, precisely the conditions associated to the higher incident solar irradiances and potentially dangerous UV levels. Under these conditions, the PM has an average accuracy (rRMSD across sites) of less than 6% of the average of the measurements and outperforms. These results confirm that the model, particularly in its unbiased version, is a reliable and practical tool for the climatological analysis of erythemal UV irradiance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2687 - 2703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach of aerosol emissions under different expiratory activities- an experimental study","authors":"Ainara Ugarte-Anero,&nbsp;Unai Fernandez-Gamiz,&nbsp;Koldo Portal-Porras,&nbsp;Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01791-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11869-025-01791-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The behavior of breathing aerosols has become an enigma after the large number of diseases that are transmitted by air. The current project presents an experimental analysis providing results on the characteristics of aerosols when exhaled into the environment after different respiratory actions. The study involved 24 participants (12 women and 12 men) aged between 20 and 30 years. The respiratory actions of the individuals were analyzed using the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). The designed configuration is based on the collection of aerosols by means of a funnel; designed, optimized and studied in this research. The respiratory actions chosen for the study were breathing, talking and coughing. As a novelty, the analysis of what is produced by the combination of talking and coughing in the same period is included, thus providing new data on real situations experienced by individuals in their daily lives. The results show that cough generates aerosols with an average particle concentration of 9.039 cm⁻³ being the highest mean value analyzed, followed by respiration with a value of 1.493 cm⁻³. The mean mass concentration generated in the expiratory activity of respiration generates an average of 1.295 µg m⁻³, while the action of coughing multiplies that value by ten obtaining a total mass of 11.81 µg m⁻³. The combination of two respiratory actions, such as coughing and talking in the same period compared to just talking, shows very similar values, both in particle number concentration and mass. The size distributions almost overlap, making it evident that there is not much difference and the coughing action hardly influences the 90 s period analyzed when talking occupies more space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 9","pages":"2717 - 2725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11869-025-01791-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}