{"title":"巴塞罗那大都市区游乐场和公园的沙土中金属污染的空间变异性:评估城市和工业活动的影响","authors":"Adolfo González-Romero, Patricia Escorcia Rico, Andrés Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Xavier Querol, Patricia Córdoba Sola","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01726-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the geochemical composition of sands and sandy soils collected from 10 playgrounds and 13 parks across the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (BMA), a region characterised by high population density, extensive industrial activity, and heavy traffic. By examining the variability in metal loads and the deposition of contaminants, the research sheds light on the impact of urban pollution sources on the spatial distribution of harmful elements. The findings reveal that playgrounds tend to exhibit coarser sand textures compared to parks, likely reflecting both the progressive milling of sand and the accumulation of deposited particulate matter (DPM) over time. Several parks exhibited significant enrichment factors (EF) (5 ≤ EF ≤ 20) for a variety of elements, which can be attributed to vehicle wear, while others showed even higher enrichments, particularly related to braking systems. Distinct anomalies in metal concentrations were found in several parks, indicating a diversity of pollution sources, including industrial emissions and port activities. Particularly noteworthy are the elevated Ce/La ratios (1.79–2.95) found in some parks, which point to vehicular catalytic emissions. Additionally, exceptional anomalies in Pb (EF: 62.3–84.1) and Sb (EF: 26.8–44.4) concentrations were identified, most likely due to industrial and port activities near certain parks. Another significant finding of this study is the higher concentrations of traffic-related metals found beneath tree canopies compared to open spaces. This suggests that the presence of vegetation, particularly trees, plays a crucial role in modifying the deposition and distribution of PM in urban green spaces. This research provides critical insights into urban pollution dynamics, particularly the distribution of metals in relation to sand composition, environmental interactions, and the role of urban greenery in mitigating the negative effects of airborne pollutants. By examining both the geochemical impacts of pollution and the physical processes that contribute to contamination in urban environments, this study underscores the importance of thoughtful urban green infrastructure in reducing the environmental and health risks associated with urban pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 6","pages":"1713 - 1727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11869-025-01726-3.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Spatial variability of metal pollution in sands and sandy soils of playgrounds and parks in the Barcelona metropolitan area: assessing the impact of urban and industrial activities\",\"authors\":\"Adolfo González-Romero, Patricia Escorcia Rico, Andrés Alastuey, Natalia Moreno, Xavier Querol, Patricia Córdoba Sola\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11869-025-01726-3\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>This study investigates the geochemical composition of sands and sandy soils collected from 10 playgrounds and 13 parks across the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (BMA), a region characterised by high population density, extensive industrial activity, and heavy traffic. By examining the variability in metal loads and the deposition of contaminants, the research sheds light on the impact of urban pollution sources on the spatial distribution of harmful elements. The findings reveal that playgrounds tend to exhibit coarser sand textures compared to parks, likely reflecting both the progressive milling of sand and the accumulation of deposited particulate matter (DPM) over time. Several parks exhibited significant enrichment factors (EF) (5 ≤ EF ≤ 20) for a variety of elements, which can be attributed to vehicle wear, while others showed even higher enrichments, particularly related to braking systems. Distinct anomalies in metal concentrations were found in several parks, indicating a diversity of pollution sources, including industrial emissions and port activities. Particularly noteworthy are the elevated Ce/La ratios (1.79–2.95) found in some parks, which point to vehicular catalytic emissions. Additionally, exceptional anomalies in Pb (EF: 62.3–84.1) and Sb (EF: 26.8–44.4) concentrations were identified, most likely due to industrial and port activities near certain parks. Another significant finding of this study is the higher concentrations of traffic-related metals found beneath tree canopies compared to open spaces. This suggests that the presence of vegetation, particularly trees, plays a crucial role in modifying the deposition and distribution of PM in urban green spaces. This research provides critical insights into urban pollution dynamics, particularly the distribution of metals in relation to sand composition, environmental interactions, and the role of urban greenery in mitigating the negative effects of airborne pollutants. By examining both the geochemical impacts of pollution and the physical processes that contribute to contamination in urban environments, this study underscores the importance of thoughtful urban green infrastructure in reducing the environmental and health risks associated with urban pollution.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":49109,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health\",\"volume\":\"18 6\",\"pages\":\"1713 - 1727\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11869-025-01726-3.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-025-01726-3\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-025-01726-3","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial variability of metal pollution in sands and sandy soils of playgrounds and parks in the Barcelona metropolitan area: assessing the impact of urban and industrial activities
This study investigates the geochemical composition of sands and sandy soils collected from 10 playgrounds and 13 parks across the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (BMA), a region characterised by high population density, extensive industrial activity, and heavy traffic. By examining the variability in metal loads and the deposition of contaminants, the research sheds light on the impact of urban pollution sources on the spatial distribution of harmful elements. The findings reveal that playgrounds tend to exhibit coarser sand textures compared to parks, likely reflecting both the progressive milling of sand and the accumulation of deposited particulate matter (DPM) over time. Several parks exhibited significant enrichment factors (EF) (5 ≤ EF ≤ 20) for a variety of elements, which can be attributed to vehicle wear, while others showed even higher enrichments, particularly related to braking systems. Distinct anomalies in metal concentrations were found in several parks, indicating a diversity of pollution sources, including industrial emissions and port activities. Particularly noteworthy are the elevated Ce/La ratios (1.79–2.95) found in some parks, which point to vehicular catalytic emissions. Additionally, exceptional anomalies in Pb (EF: 62.3–84.1) and Sb (EF: 26.8–44.4) concentrations were identified, most likely due to industrial and port activities near certain parks. Another significant finding of this study is the higher concentrations of traffic-related metals found beneath tree canopies compared to open spaces. This suggests that the presence of vegetation, particularly trees, plays a crucial role in modifying the deposition and distribution of PM in urban green spaces. This research provides critical insights into urban pollution dynamics, particularly the distribution of metals in relation to sand composition, environmental interactions, and the role of urban greenery in mitigating the negative effects of airborne pollutants. By examining both the geochemical impacts of pollution and the physical processes that contribute to contamination in urban environments, this study underscores the importance of thoughtful urban green infrastructure in reducing the environmental and health risks associated with urban pollution.
期刊介绍:
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.