Mohammad Mehdizadeh, Anahita Omidi, Atun Roy Choudhury, Zainul Abideen, Kassio Ferreira Mendes
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Atmospheric herbicide contamination: sources, long-range transport, and health-environmental risks
This review provides a comprehensive examination of herbicide contaminants in the air, focusing on their sources, transport mechanisms, and implications for human and environmental health. Herbicides, extensively used in agriculture, forestry, and urban settings, are frequently detected in the atmosphere due to their volatile properties. For instance, glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) are found in air and rain across agricultural regions, with up to 0.7% of applied glyphosate removed via precipitation. Agricultural spraying, volatilization from treated surfaces, and industrial emissions are identified as major sources, with spray drift documented to affect non-target areas up to 250 m away. Inhalation exposure poses significant risks, including respiratory irritation and potential carcinogenicity, while ecological impacts include biodiversity loss and disruption of aquatic ecosystems. The review underscores the need for improved monitoring, stricter regulations (buffer zones), and mitigation strategies such as drift-reduction technologies and integrated weed management (IWM). By synthesizing current knowledge, this work emphasizes actionable solutions to minimize airborne herbicide contamination and protect human and environmental health.
期刊介绍：
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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