Unraveling solar irradiance dynamics in arid atmospheres: A multi-decadal wavelet coherence and probability density functions analysis with implications for air quality, climate, and renewable energy

IF 2.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Baqer Al-Ramadan, Adel S. Aldosary, Abdulla Al Kafy, Hamad Ahmed Altuwaijri, Zullyadini A. Rahaman
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Abstract

Solar irradiance (SI) is a critical driver of atmospheric processes, with significant implications for air quality, climate change, and renewable energy potential. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of decadal SI variability and trends across six major Saudi Arabian cities from 1984–2022, utilizing advanced statistical techniques including probability density functions, Mann–Kendall tests, and wavelet coherence analysis. Results reveal significant spatiotemporal variability in SI trends. Mean annual SI increased in five cities, with the highest rise in Buraydah (5.20 to 6.10 kW/m2/day) and decrease only in Dammam (5.35 to 5.24 kW/m2/day) from 1984–1993 to 2014–2022. Monthly probability density function analysis showed reduced SI variability and right-shifted distributions in recent decades for most cities. Mann–Kendall tests indicated increasing SI trends in Jeddah, Madinah, and Tabuk in the last decade, with declining trends elsewhere. Wavelet analysis revealed complex temporal patterns, with initial increases followed by recent declines in most cities. The average SI of 6.18 kW/m2/day across cities translates to a potential solar energy production of 406 kWh/year/m2 at 18% efficiency. This study provides crucial insights for regional air quality modeling, climate change assessment, and renewable energy planning in arid regions, supporting Saudi Arabia's transition towards sustainable energy sources and improved environmental management.

干旱大气中太阳辐照度动力学的揭示:多年小波相干性和概率密度函数分析对空气质量、气候和可再生能源的影响
太阳辐照度(SI)是大气过程的关键驱动因素,对空气质量、气候变化和可再生能源潜力具有重要影响。本研究利用先进的统计技术,包括概率密度函数、Mann-Kendall检验和小波相干性分析,首次全面评估了1984-2022年沙特阿拉伯六个主要城市的SI年代际变化和趋势。结果显示SI趋势具有显著的时空变异性。从1984-1993年到2014-2022年,5个城市的年平均SI均有所增加,其中Buraydah的增幅最大(5.20 ~ 6.10 kW/m2/day),只有Dammam的增幅最大(5.35 ~ 5.24 kW/m2/day)。月概率密度函数分析显示,近几十年来,大多数城市的SI变异性减少,分布右移。Mann-Kendall试验表明,过去十年吉达、麦地那和塔布克的SI呈上升趋势,其他地区呈下降趋势。小波分析揭示了复杂的时间模式,在大多数城市中,最初是上升的,后来是下降的。城市平均SI为6.18 kW/m2/天,以18%的效率转化为406 kWh/年/m2的潜在太阳能产量。该研究为干旱地区的区域空气质量建模、气候变化评估和可再生能源规划提供了重要见解,支持沙特阿拉伯向可持续能源转型,改善环境管理。
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来源期刊
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
146
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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