Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"The social reactive and/or reasoned acceptance of the intelligent speed adaptation system in Türkiye and Israel","authors":"Berfin Töre ,&nbsp;Türker Özkan ,&nbsp;Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Technology has become important in solving the problem of speeding. One technological advancement aimed at overcoming the speeding problem is the Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA) system. Although the ISA systems enhance traffic safety, the standard role of drivers in driving is challenged by these systems. Therefore, driver acceptance of such systems is essential for their implementation, which may be dependent on the country’s driving climate and other characteristics, such as road fatality rates and gross national income. The current study therefore examines the utility of an integrative model of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM), which are two popular decision-making frameworks, comparing participants from two different countries which may differ in their driving climate and which is important to the external validity of the results. This study is the first to test this model in two countries. A total of 334 drivers from Türkiye and 359 drivers from Israel completed a questionnaire by way of an online link. The results show that the integrative model explains the highest variance in preference for using the informative type of the ISA in both countries. In addition, the model explains a higher variance in preference for using the informative and intervening types of the ISA in Israel and the supportive type of the ISA in Türkiye. Although the integrative model differed between the two countries, intention was the strongest predictor of preference in using all types of the ISA. However, as control of the system increases, the social-reactive path becomes more prominent in Türkiye, whereas the reasoned path becomes significant in Israel. Finally, attitude is an additional important predictor of preference in Israel, whereas prototype perceptions are more prominent in Türkiye. The results and the implications are discussed in light of the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the effects of road safety advertising that encourages positive, prosocial driving behaviours","authors":"Ioni Lewis,&nbsp;David Rodwell,&nbsp;Nyree Gordon,&nbsp;Melinda McDonald","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prosocial driving behaviours are performed to benefit other road users and without legal obligation. This online survey study, guided by the Step approach to Message Design and Testing (SatMDT), examined advertisements in terms of drivers’ intentions and willingness to drive in a prosocial way. ‘Drive in a prosocial way’ was operationalised in both general and specific terms. N = 213 participants (48.8 % female; <em>M</em> = 54.0 years, <em>SD</em> = 15.1 years) were randomly allocated into four intervention groups (i.e., Advertisement 1, 2, 3, or 4) or a control group. Overall, in the intervention groups, while relatively high mean scores were found, one-way ANOVAs revealed there were no statistically significant differences between the advertisements. Reverse third person effects were found for all the advertisements suggesting participants perceived they would be influenced by them more than others. Regarding between groups comparisons, intentions and willingness scores increased (i.e., became more positive towards prosocial driving) after having viewed an advertisement; however, paired samples <em>t</em> tests indicated these differences were only statistically significant for general and specific intentions after viewing Advertisement 2, and for specific intentions after viewing Advertisement 4. To understand how the advertisements were influencing individuals’ intentions, regressions were conducted which found 72 % − 90 % of variance was explained by the variables of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control [PBC], moral norms, and anticipated regret. PBC and moral norms were significant predictors for three of the advertisements. Overall, this study supports the need for further research into messaging promoting prosocial driving behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclists’ perception of cycling infrastructure: The relationship between safety, comfort, and comprehensibility","authors":"David Friel,&nbsp;Sina Wachholz","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although it is well-known that cycling offers various benefits, the mode share in most countries remains relatively low. And although it is well-known that cyclists’ perception of infrastructure can be key to foster cycling, relatively little research has been conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of cyclists’ perceptions regarding infrastructure. This study contributes to the topic using an iterative and qualitative approach. We conducted a simulator study to investigate cyclists’ perceptions of three different intersection designs. We analyzed interview data to obtain the effect of each design element on three main criteria: safety, comfort, and comprehensibility. Results show that participants’ ratings regarding the majority of design elements were inconsistent. However, all types of design elements physically separating cycling infrastructure from motorized traffic were rated at least partly positively. Finally, a preliminary theory on the relationship between these criteria is described: While comprehensibility can affect both comfort and safety perception, comfort and safety are moderated by an individual trade-off affecting the overall assessment of cycling infrastructure. The findings provide insights and opportunities for further research, improving the understanding of the relationship between infrastructure and cyclists’ perceptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of motion mismatches on ratings of motion incongruence and simulator sickness in urban driving simulations","authors":"Maurice Kolff ,&nbsp;Chantal Himmels ,&nbsp;Joost Venrooij ,&nbsp;Arben Parduzi ,&nbsp;Daan M. Pool ,&nbsp;Andreas Riener ,&nbsp;Max Mulder","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the effects of motion mismatches on simulator sickness and subjective ratings of the motion. In an open-loop driving simulator experiment, participants were driven through a recorded urban drive twelve times, in which mismatches were induced by manipulating the following three aspects in motion cueing: (i) mismatches in specific vehicle axes, (ii) mismatch types (scaling, missing, and false cues), and (iii) inconsistent scaling between different motion axes. Subjects (<em>N</em>=52) reported simulator sickness post-hoc (after each drive), as well as continuously during each drive, a first in simulator sickness research. Furthermore, subjective post-hoc motion incongruence ratings on the quality of the motion were extracted. Results show that longitudinal motion mismatches lead to the most simulator sickness and the highest ratings, followed by mismatches in lateral motion, then yaw rate. False cues induce the most sickness, followed by missing and then scaled motion. Inconsistent scaling between the axes has no significant effect. The continuous sickness ratings support that the occurrence and severity of simulator sickness are indeed related to mismatches in simulator motion of specific maneuvers. This paper contributes to an improved understanding of the relationship between simulator motion and sickness, allowing for more targeted motion cueing strategies to prevent and reduce sickness in driving simulators. These strategies may include the appropriate selection of the simulator, the motion cueing, and the sample of participants, following the presented results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Route guidance attacks in cyber transportation networks: a user-centered study of behavioral sensitivity","authors":"Eunhan Ka,&nbsp;Satish V. Ukkusuri","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid adoption of digital navigation systems and connected vehicles has introduced new vulnerabilities in transportation networks, including the risk of Route Guidance Attacks (RGAs) that disseminate distorted travel times. Drawing on traveler psychology and decision theory, this study investigates how RGAs propagate congestion through three behavioral models: perfect rationality, logit-based stochastic choice, and bounded rationality with an indifference threshold. By systematically varying attack intensity and traveler indifference levels, we simulate user responses in Sioux Falls, Anaheim, and Chicago networks. The results show that user behavior and network structure jointly determine the severity and spatial distribution of congestion: dense networks can initially absorb low-intensity misinformation but undergo sharp overload once critical thresholds are crossed, whereas sparser networks succumb to traffic disruptions even under modest falsifications. Perfectly rational users exhibit collective behavior toward the shortest route, logit-based users disperse but remain susceptible at high intensities, and boundedly rational travelers alter their routes when a strategically induced benefit surpasses their indifference level. These findings underscore the necessity of coupling cybersecurity measures with interventions that account for trust, risk perception, and the cognitive heuristics travelers use to evaluate route choices. In particular, user-interface designs featuring reliability scores, timely alerts, or partial verifications can reduce blind compliance and mitigate the sudden mass switching that amplifies adversarial manipulation. This study enhances the interaction between traveler behavior models and network topology under RGAs, contributing to transportation psychology, informing safer route guidance design, and highlighting strategies for improving network resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Travel time tolerance of alternative paths in road networks: A national survey study in China","authors":"Yibing Hu,&nbsp;Xiangdong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Providing travelers with a reasonable number of alternative paths is important for improving transportation network resilience against disruptions. However, travelers may reject overly long paths as alternative paths when their primarily used paths become unavailable, and the travel time tolerance of alternative paths has not been extensively explored. This study investigates travel time tolerance in car journeys along alternative paths and applies survival analysis theory to address two fundamental questions: <em>“What main factors influence the tolerance?”</em> and <em>“How to estimate the tolerance?”</em>. Tolerance herein refers to the maximum additional travel time accepted by travelers for alternative paths compared to the shortest path travel time. A national survey of over 2,500 valid responses from 305 cities across China reveals statistically significant results: (1) commuters generally exhibit lower tolerance than non-commuters; (2) travelers in developing areas show higher tolerance than those in metropolitan areas; (3) tolerance typically increases with travel distance; and (4) personal attributes such as age, gender, income, travel mode, and commuting duration also influence tolerance. To address complexities of these influences, we propose universal estimation methods using non-linear fitting and accelerated failure time models from both aggregated and disaggregated perspectives. These methods enable to quantify the number of alternative paths within travelers’ tolerance based on city specifics and travelers’ information. This study helps in planning alternative paths that are potentially acceptable to travelers and enhances understanding of travelers’ behavior under disruptions, leading to better road network resilience assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is drivers’ interaction with pedestrians affected by cognitive load and LED bands? A driving simulator study investigating performance across two age groups during different ambient lighting conditions","authors":"İbrahim Öztürk ,&nbsp;Anthony Horrobin ,&nbsp;Jorge Garcia de Pedro ,&nbsp;Kumsal İpek Oker ,&nbsp;Richard Rowe ,&nbsp;Steve Fotios ,&nbsp;Natasha Merat","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pedestrians, being vulnerable road users, are disproportionately affected by road traffic crashes. Many factors influence driver-pedestrian interactions and hence pedestrian safety. Within these interactions, drivers play a critical role as operators of the vehicle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what factors influence drivers’ perceptions and actions when interacting with pedestrians in different situations. A driving simulator study was designed to investigate the effects of age (younger and older drivers), cognitive load (no task, 2-back task), the presence (or absence) of a zebra crossing, ambient lighting (daylight, after dark), pedestrian position (standing, walking), and whether the pedestrian was wearing a light-emitting diode (LED) band on drivers’ yielding behaviours during interactions with pedestrians. Two groups of drivers (23 younger drivers: <em>Mdn_age</em> = 22 and 19 older drivers: <em>Mdn_age</em> = 64) completed two experimental drives during daylight and after dark. Objective measures (probability of yielding and average deceleration) were used to interpret yielding behaviour and the factors influencing it. The results showed that drivers were more likely to yield when a zebra crossing was present. For conditions with zebra crossings, drivers were more likely to give way to pedestrians waiting by the crossing than when pedestrians were approaching the crossing. Drivers of both age groups behaved in a similar way with standing pedestrians. But with walking pedestrians, younger drivers were more likely to yield and did so softer. In trials where the pedestrians wore LED bands to enhance their conspicuity, the average deceleration was reduced, resulting in smoother braking. These results inform the development of policy and interventions (e.g., effectiveness of zebra crossings, effects of LED bands) to improve the safety of vulnerable road users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of lane-changing behaviour in a weaving section using a driving simulator experiment","authors":"Suyi Mao ,&nbsp;Jaeyoung Jay Lee ,&nbsp;Arastoo Karimi ,&nbsp;Alessandra Lioi ,&nbsp;Marco Bassani","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driving simulators have been extensively utilized to investigate driving behaviour. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding their validity and reliability in accurately replicating real-world driving. No study has directly compared lane-changing behaviour in actual expressway weaving sections with that observed in a driving simulator. To address the research gap, a test track is designed to replicate the geometric characteristics of a real-world weaving section. The experiment involves 42 participants. Data on driving behaviour and performance are collected to evaluate key traffic efficiency and lane change-related variables. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test assesses the discrepancies between field observations and simulation outcomes. The results identify the statistical similarities in speed and headway across most manoeuvres, lane change duration and accepted lead gap for mandatory lane changes, as well as generalized time-to-collision (<span><math><mrow><mi>GTTC</mi></mrow></math></span>) in discretionary lane changes. However, simulation drivers tend to drive faster particularly in ramp scenarios due to reduced speed perception. Some novice drivers maintain larger headways and spend less time on mandatory lane changes. Furthermore, the location of merging and diverging positions significantly influences the lane change duration. During simulated driving, poor rear visibility leads to more forced lane changes and larger accepted gaps. The <span><math><mrow><mi>GTTC</mi></mrow></math></span> values from the simulation are higher than those from field, except for discretionary lane changes, with younger drivers exhibiting smaller <span><math><mrow><mi>GTTC</mi></mrow></math></span> values. Lastly, the simulation data suggest challenges in replicating the dangerous scenarios resulting from the smaller accepted gaps observed in field. The findings offer support for the broader implementation of driving simulation experiments for weaving sections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How and why do human factors impact cyberattack consequences at a connected intersection? − A falsified red light countdown case study","authors":"Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Zhixia Li ,&nbsp;Heng Wei ,&nbsp;Guohui Zhang ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;John E. Ash ,&nbsp;Kailai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication enhances traffic safety but is vulnerable to cyberattacks. Spoofing cyberattacks pose data falsification that endangers road users. Given that achieving high-level (L4-L5) automated driving still requires significant progress, understanding how and why human factors influence cyberattack consequences is novel yet essential for mitigating these risks. Research on this topic remains limited, and collecting driving behavior data under cyberattack conditions is challenging due to safety concerns. To address this, we conducted a driving simulator experiment with 32 drivers spanning a range of experience levels and other factors, replicating a connected intersection under no-attack and cyberattack scenarios. In-vehicle falsified red-light countdown spoofing attacks are designed to provide false information on the dashboard. Using the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model, safety consequences were measured. Results indicate that cyberattacks pose significant threats to traffic safety. Greater speed at the end of the countdown period increases the risk of frontal (pedestrian and right-angle) collisions and reduces rear-end collision risks. Experienced drivers show lower hazards for frontal collisions. Notably, the total hazards under cyberattacks do not differ significantly between male and female drivers. Human factors affect safety by influencing driving behavior. Experienced drivers decelerate over shorter distances, reducing collision risk, while male and female drivers show similar deceleration patterns, resulting in comparable safety consequences. These findings provide a quantitative model describing human factors impacting cyberattack consequences, inform safer transportation management, and, more importantly, educate the public about cyberattacks. Future models can be developed to predict collision probabilities and improve system resilience (i.e., recovery after cyberattack).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What affects pedestrian street crossing decisions in day and night scenarios? A case study in Charlottesville, Virginia","authors":"Afrida Raida ,&nbsp;Arman Hosseini ,&nbsp;Carreen de Cárdenas ,&nbsp;Andrew Mondschein ,&nbsp;Arsalan Heydarian ,&nbsp;T. Donna Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pedestrian crashes and fatalities are increasing, particularly in urban areas and at nighttime. Although previous studies have examined pedestrian crossing behavior, most have not considered pedestrians’ safety perceptions and behavioral variables that may affect crossing decisions at different times of the day. This paper uses a combination of perceived safety, gaze variability, and sociodemographic data to analyze how crossing decisions differ in day and night scenarios. 63 participants walked along an urban street in Charlottesville, Virginia in the United States, where they could choose to cross anywhere along a four city-block corridor. Eye-tracking glasses were worn by participants to obtain gaze data, and surveys before and after the experiment collected sociodemographic and perceived safety data. Results show pedestrians’ perceived safety and lighting conditions may influence their decisions to cross at certain intersections, as do their walking habits, preferred travel mode, and sociodemographic characteristics. Pedestrians’ gaze variability immediately prior to crossing was higher at night compared to daytime, and increased at locations where pedestrians indicated feeling unsafe or uncomfortable. Due to increased perceptions of safety risk and discomfort at night (which is often related to insufficient lighting), pedestrians’ crossing decisions are more varied, as perception of risk is influenced by individual characteristics like age and gender. This study contributes to the existing knowledge on pedestrian crossing behavior by focusing on user-centric perceived safety and gaze data. Planning agencies can use these findings to identify necessary changes in infrastructure to encourage safer and more consistent crossing behaviors from pedestrians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}