Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"The effect of cognitive load on driver situational awareness under partially automated driving conditions","authors":"Xinrui He ,&nbsp;Kang Jiang ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Lu ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of automated driving technology, level 2 (L2) automated systems have transformed the role of drivers, leading to changes in cognitive loads (including both physiological and psychological factors). Under partially automated conditions, drivers are prone to fatigue and disengagement, which reduces Situation Awareness (SA). The distribution of attention and the level of SA are critical to driving performance and safety. To investigate how SA varies under different cognitive loads during extended periods of automated driving, a high-fidelity driving simulator and eye-tracking technology were employed to collect data. The impacts of the automation level (manual vs. L2), cognitive channel (visual vs. auditory), and cognitive load (no load, 0-back, or 1-back) on drivers’ SA during extended driving were examined. In the simulation, a suburban road environment, including potential hazard scenarios and SA measurement tasks, was modeled. The results indicate that cognitive load influences drivers’ subjective cognitive loads and situational awareness scores. Overall, the cognitive load during L2 automated driving is lower than that during manual driving. As the driving time increases, drivers’ situational awareness tends to decrease. After 40 min of driving, a decrease in the subjective situational awareness score occurs. The distribution of drivers’ gaze points is influenced by automation, cognitive load, and their interaction. Gaze transition probability influenced by driving duration and cognitive load level, with the gaze concentration effect occurring after prolonged driving. Additionally, as the driving time increases, eye movement indicators such as the number of fixations on potential hazards and fixation entropy decrease, whereas the pupil coefficient of variation increases. This study reveals the relationship between cognitive load and SA, showing that visual metrics can effectively reflect drivers’ SA. These results provide valuable insights for designing driving cues that reflect drivers’ current state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 633-664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated driving training: a scoping review examining the use of instructional design and learning principles in current training research","authors":"Albraa A. Rajkhan,&nbsp;Wayne C.W. Giang","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) become increasingly prevalent in vehicles, there is a critical need to ensure that drivers are effectively trained to use these technologies safely. This scoping review examines how learning and instructional design principles are addressed in current ADAS/ADS training research. We assessed literature from the past 20 years, focusing on how research on training interventions address learner engagement, knowledge acquisition, and skills development. A content representation classification taxonomy was introduced alongside an analysis of six dimensions: use of instructional design frameworks, training purpose, training content topics, content representation, training styles, and learner differences. The analysis revealed that while some training practices effectively align with educational principles, significant gaps remain. Our findings identify three key themes: the evolution of training objectives and interventions, the alignment of training content with appropriate knowledge types and delivery methods, and the need for specifically tailored training for distinct populations. This synthesis can guide future training developments, making a crucial impact on user competence and safety outcomes in automated driving systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 665-685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling behavioral intentions to adopt autonomous vehicles: A dual SEM–FsQCA approach to trust, technology acceptance, and the moderating role of social influence","authors":"Arsenyan Ani ,&nbsp;Fan Xing ,&nbsp;Chrispus Zacharia Oroni","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous vehicles have the potential to transform transportation by increasing efficiency, safety, and sustainability. However, their acceptance remains low, particularly in emerging markets like Armenia, where issues of public trust and perception pose significant barriers. This study aims to examine behavioral intents to embrace autonomous vehicles by extending the Technology Acceptance Model with trust, social influence, and user attitudes. The study employs a dual analytical method, including structural equation modeling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, to find both linear and configurational pathways that influence adoption intentions. The results of structural equation modeling show that trust highly affects behavioral intention, both directly and indirectly through perceived usefulness and attitudes. In addition, social influence moderates the relationships, particularly those between perceived ease of use and attitude, as well as trust and intention. The results of fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis reveal multiple sufficient combinations of factors leading to high behavioral intention. Attitude emerged as a central factor in most configurations that indicated a strong intention to adopt. This study increases our understanding of how social and cognitive factors influence the adoption of autonomous vehicles. It highlights the importance of building trust and improving the usability of the design to generate positive perceptions and a desire to utilize it. The findings suggest recommendations for regulators, autonomous vehicle manufacturers, and marketers looking to promote the use of self-driving cars in emerging nations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 597-620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating driver responses to automated vehicles in a bottleneck scenario: The impact of lateral offset and eHMI","authors":"Li Yang ,&nbsp;Yee Mun Lee ,&nbsp;Ruth Madigan ,&nbsp;Armin Grunwald ,&nbsp;Barbara Deml ,&nbsp;Natasha Merat","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This driving simulator study investigated drivers’ responses to an approaching automated or manual vehicle in a bottleneck scenario. Participants were asked to decide whether to pass through the bottleneck, or yield for the approaching vehicle, across numerous trials. Prior to each trial, they were informed whether the approaching vehicle was an automated vehicle (AV) or a manually driven vehicle (MV). Although participants were told that the MV was controlled by the experimenter using a distributed simulator, both vehicles were actually controlled by the system, and behaved in the same way. The kinematics of the approaching vehicle, such as its yielding behaviour (with or without lateral offset), and the presence of external Human Machine Interfaces (eHMIs, AV only) were manipulated. 40 participants took part in this study. Results indicated that participants’ subjective responses and behaviours did not differ between the AVs and MVs. The approaching vehicle’s lateral offset was seen to be the most influential source of information for participants, followed by information from the eHMI. Participants were more likely to pass through the bottleneck first, and had a shorter decision time, when encountering yielding vehicles with “away offsets”, which involved the vehicle moving away from the road centre line. This condition also led to higher perceived safety, comprehension, and trust ratings. Conversely, drivers were more likely to yield and had a shorter decision time when encountering non-yielding vehicles without any lateral offset. The lateral offset of non-yielding vehicles did not have an impact on drivers’ perceived safety and trust. However, non-yielding with “towards offsets” (towards the centre line) led to a higher comprehension score. Participants also passed through the bottleneck significantly more often and provided higher ratings for perceived safety and trust when the yielding vehicles presented an eHMI. This was regardless of lateral deviation. However, the eHMI only led to a higher rating of comprehension when the AV yielded without an offset. This study shows the value of using lateral offsets to communicate vehicles’ intentions in bottleneck scenarios. While the eHMI could enhance the driver’s understanding of the yielding AV, some participants also noted that it introduced uncertainty. Therefore, the need for eHMI should be further discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 621-632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on drivers’ hazard perception and visual characteristics before vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler collisions","authors":"Xianhui Wu ,&nbsp;Chenxi Li ,&nbsp;Xinghua Wang ,&nbsp;Guoliang Xiang ,&nbsp;Hanwen Deng ,&nbsp;Zhuoxi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding drivers’ hazard perception levels and visual behavior in conflict scenarios is crucial for improving traffic safety and advancing intelligent driving systems, especially given the growing complexity of traffic conditions and the rapid evolution of intelligent driving technologies. This study examines typical near-collision scenarios involving vehicles and powered two-wheelers, focusing on the effects of collision scenarios, driving states, and risk conditions on drivers’ hazard perception and visual characteristics. Using quantile regression and generalized linear mixed models, the study quantitatively assesses how these factors influence hazard perception and visual behavior, uncovering the visual response mechanisms underlying hazard perception. The results reveal that different vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler collision scenarios significantly affect drivers’ hazard perception and visual behavior. Drivers exhibited higher hazard perception levels and collision avoidance success rates in “Crossing from Right” and “Cut-in from Right” scenarios, whereas lower hazard perception abilities were observed in “Crossing from Left” and “Oncoming” scenarios. Fatigue was shown to severely impair drivers’ alertness and visual search abilities, resulting in diminished hazard perception levels. Under high-risk conditions, while drivers exhibited reduced collision avoidance success rates, their heightened attention and vigilance toward powered two-wheeler enhanced hazard perception. Besides, the study also highlights a strong correlation between visual characteristics and drivers’ hazard perception. These findings are significant for understanding the mechanisms underlying drivers’ hazard perception in intersection scenarios and may provide a scientific basis for future developments in human–machine collaborative monitoring and intelligent traffic safety strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 575-596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaching rest requirements: Perceptions of fatigue management by truck drivers and transport managers","authors":"Gregory J. Casey ,&nbsp;Toby Miles-Johnson ,&nbsp;Garry J. Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Truck driver fatigue (TDF) is regarded as a serious public safety hazard and a leading factor in road crashes in the Australian transport industry. While truck driver rest regimes are enforced in all Australian states, little is known about how drivers and transport managers perceive these requirements and the factors that may support or undermine their use. Applying <span><span>Ajzen’s (2005)</span></span> Theory of Planned Behaviour, a qualitative study was conducted to explore drivers and managers attitudes and intentions towards scheduled rest breaks and the influence of workplace norms and other control factors affecting their compliance. Data collected from 44 participants (36 truck drivers and eight managers) found that TDF compliance is limited by: insufficient training and TDF working knowledge; an occupational culture which discourages disclosure of fatigue concerns; and logistics and infrastructure challenges which limit drivers’ ability to obtain recuperative rest and comply with TDF laws. While most truck drivers reported a lack of suitable rest facilities and amenities, women drivers reported additional, gender-specific health and safety risks which affected their rest management. This study presents new findings regarding factors that influence attitudes, intentions and behaviours of truck drivers and managers regarding driver fatigue management and rest compliance. It contributes new knowledge into the extant literature regarding why truck drivers’ breach rest regulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 562-574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social cognition and driving: Theory of mind is associated with drivers’ hazard perception","authors":"Stephanie C. Goodhew ,&nbsp;Mark Edwards ,&nbsp;Crystal Choy ,&nbsp;Philippa Neary ,&nbsp;Andrew Hill ,&nbsp;Mark S. Horswill","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For many, driving enables participation in different aspects of life. However, crashes can incur substantial personal and economic burdens. There has been ample research documenting the cognitive factors that predict crash risk (e.g., attention). However, a large part of driving involves interaction with other road users. This means that social-cognitive factors may also be implicated in crash risk. Here, in a sample of N = 120 young adult drivers, we measured important aspects of driver skill (hazard perception) and driving style (following distance), which predict crash risk, and tested their association with two novel social-cognitive variables: (1) theory of mind (for hazard perception), and (2) empathic concern (for following distance). Empathic concern was not associated with following distance. However, individuals’ theory of mind was associated with their hazard perception skill performance. This highlights that social-cognitive factors can be associated with crash risk and demonstrates the potentially far-reaching consequences of drivers’ theory of mind for road-user safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 550-561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risky behaviour and regulation compliance in eRiders and cyclists in metropolitan Perth Western Australia","authors":"Paul Roberts,&nbsp;Angela Yan,&nbsp;Razi Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ERideables are electric rideable devices, such as a scooter or skateboard. In 2021, new eRideables regulations came into effect in Western Australia. To understand how these regulations were being complied with, and the kinds of behaviours, experiences and perceptions associated with eRideables, we conducted an observational and intercept survey of eRiders in metropolitan Perth. The surveys were conducted in 2022 and then again in 2023 and were timed to occur 12 months, and then 24 months, after the introduction of the new regulations. In both years overall observed helmet use averaged across all devices (including bicycles) was around 90 %. However, helmet use varied substantially across device type. Compared to cyclists, eScooter riders were around 1.6 times more likely to be unhelmeted, eSkateboarders were around 2.5 times more likely to be unhelmeted, and eWheel riders were around 3.4 times more likely to be unhelmeted. Around 15 % of eRiders admitted to not using a helmet at some point. The 2023 observational survey shows a decline in eScooter helmet compliance compared to the 2022 survey despite no change in cyclists’ helmet compliance being observed. Shared device riders were observed to be helmet non-compliant around 4 times more often than private device riders. The persistence, between the 2022 and 2023 survey, of a non-trivial lack of awareness of the regulations, noncompliance with the regulations, and risky behaviour, suggest that additional interventions are required to address these issues. In particular, there would be value in exploring specifically why there appears to be an increase in helmet noncompliance for shared devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 513-534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the relationship between driving cessation and depressive symptomology in older adults: A systematic review","authors":"Jade Carpenter ,&nbsp;Sjaan Koppel ,&nbsp;Joanne M. Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.05.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.05.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Older adults (aged 65 and older) are considered a vulnerable group of road users due to age-related declines inhibiting their fitness to drive. This often results in older drivers having to transition from ‘drivers’ to ‘retired drivers’ (RD), which has been associated with increased depressive symptoms. Despite the significant implications on well-being, only one previous review has systematically examined the literature on the relationship between driving cessation and depressive symptomology in older adults. <strong><em>Objective:</em></strong> This systematic review aimed to synthesise both cross-sectional and longitudinal literature examining the relationship between driving cessation and depressive symptomology in older adults. <strong><em>Data sources:</em></strong> The reviewed included peer-reviewed studies published up to April 2024 and were sourced from PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus. To meet the inclusion criteria, studies had to: be peer-reviewed, be in English, have a mean participant age of over 65 years, include a measure of depressive symptoms, and include sample of RD. <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> A total of 19 cross-sectional and longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings were consistent, with significant relationships reported between driving cessation and higher depressive symptoms in over 80 % of included studies, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. <strong><em>Limitations:</em></strong> The measures used to assess depressive symptoms were inconsistent across studies. Additionally, the studies did not define the length of time since driver retirement for their sample, limiting the ability to make accurate conclusions on the long-term effects of driving cessation on depressive symptoms. Future research should utilise valid and reliable measures of depressive symptoms and work towards a standard criterion for RD. <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong> Overall, the findings suggest that driving cessation is associated with higher depressive symptoms among older adults. This underscores the importance of providing tools and support to navigate and cope with this transition. However further research is required to better understand the relationship between driving cessation and depressive symptomology in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 535-549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can greyscale phone screens reduce mobile use while driving and walking? An exploratory experimental study","authors":"Fety Ilma Rahmillah ,&nbsp;Amina Tariq ,&nbsp;Sherrie-Anne Kaye ,&nbsp;Mark King ,&nbsp;Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.05.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.05.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mobile phone distraction is a critical global road safety issue, contributing to crashes and subsequent injuries and fatalities. This issue has led to calls for effective interventions. Based on neuropsychological research indicating that colour stimuli play a significant role in driving phone engagement, one potential strategy to reduce road user phone use while on the road is activating greyscale on phones. By removing colour, the sensory reward associated with phone use may be diminished, potentially reducing usage. However, this approach has yet to be empirically tested. As such, the aim of this study is to investigate how greyscale influences phone use behaviours while driving and walking. Participants were asked to switch their phone interface from colour to greyscale for a duration of 2-weeks. A mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, was employed to gather insights from participants regarding their perceptions of greyscale on their phone use behaviour while driving and walking. The quantitative results showed that greyscale decreased the frequency of participants glancing at their phone screens in a cradle while driving. However, using the greyscale feature did not lead to significant changes in the frequency of participants picking up the phone and looking at the screen while driving, nor did it increase participants’ use of other devices such as the in-vehicle infotainment system, smartwatches, or voice commands. Additionally, greyscale significantly reduced the probability of pedestrians using handsfree phones while walking, although greyscale did not influence the likelihood of looking at the screen of a handheld phone. The qualitative results revealed that the greyscale had a complex impact on road users’ phone behaviour. Greyscale altered how they used their phones, made them less appealing and enjoyable, and added complexity to phone use. However, some participants found work-around, though not everyone adopted them. Overall, the findings suggest that while greyscale effectively reduced some phone-related behaviours over a 2-week period, its impact on phone use behaviours while driving or walking was limited in scope, with mixed effectiveness across different contexts and with some users finding work-around.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"114 ","pages":"Pages 498-512"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}