Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"From anxiety to aggression: An investigation into the roles of antisocial traits and self-regulatory dysfunction in road behaviours","authors":"Steven Love","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research has shown that aggressive driving behaviours (ADBs) are often initiated via emotional impulses. However, little research to date has explored how feelings of anxiety may translate to aggression on the road. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the links between anxiety and ADB, and to explore the moderating influences that antisocial (psychopathic) traits, anger rumination, and emotion dysregulation hold toward this relationship. To achieve this, a sample of adult Australian drivers (<em>N</em> = 386; 61 % women; M^age = 50 years) completed an online survey battery. A MANOVA revealed that driving anxiety, anger rumination, emotion dysregulation, antisocial traits, and ADBs significantly differed between groups categorised by mild, moderate, and severe generalised anxiety; with higher scores largely being tied to more severe anxiety. Next, correlational analysis indicated that there were significant positive associations between anxiety (generalised and driving-related), anger rumination, antisocial traits, driving anger, and various ADBs. Finally, moderation analyses suggested that driving anxiety influenced ADBs in unique ways, depending on the context of participants’ anger rumination, emotion dysregulation, and antisocial traits. Specifically, conditional effects showed that where driving anxiety negatively predicted ADB after accounting for anger rumination at low levels, it was found to positively predict ADB when emotion dysregulation was high and antisocial traits were moderate or high. The findings of this study provide a greater understanding of how driving anxiety may manifest into aberrant and emotion-directed behaviours when driving on the road. Such findings could inform future road safety research and practice about the potential roles that self-regulatory factors play in understanding and intervening on ADB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring speeding behaviors of older drivers: Role of functional abilities, personality, and driving environments","authors":"Yuanfang Zhu ,&nbsp;Meilan Jiang ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Yamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence on the influence of functional abilities, personality traits and driving environments on older drivers’ propensity for speeding is limited. This study examined various types of speeding behaviors in older drivers and examined predictors of these behaviors. A speeding event was defined as driving at any speed above the speed limit for at least 6 s. Speeding events were extracted from the driving data of 58 older drivers, collected by driving recorders. These events were then categorized into short-duration minor, short-duration major, and long-duration speeding events based on both severity and duration. Mixed-effect models were employed to analyze the predictors of speeding behaviors at the trip level. Our findings indicated that participants were involved in an average of 15.9 speeding events per 100 km, with short-duration speeding most common in 30–40 km/h zones, while long-duration speeding occurred more frequently on 60 and 80 km/h roads. Trip characteristics, which reflected the driving environments of each trip, played a crucial role in predicting older drivers’ speeding behaviors. Most driving environments that trigger speeding behaviors in other age groups were found to similarly impact older drivers, except for nighttime driving. Most older drivers tend to reduce their involvement in all three categories of speeding behaviors at night, and the degree of self-regulation varies across individuals. Moreover, drivers with poorer trail-making test part B performance were less likely to engage in short-duration major speeding. However, no significant associations were found between sensation seeking or impulsivity and any of the three categories of speeding behaviors. These findings suggest that older drivers may not be able to refrain from speeding in most environments that are conducive to these behaviors, and they may not fully recognize the increased risks associated with speeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 34-53"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating transportation barriers: Older adults’ familiarity with new mobility options and perceptions toward autonomous vehicles in Arkansas","authors":"Arna Nishita Nithila ,&nbsp;Suman Kumar Mitra ,&nbsp;Michelle Gray ,&nbsp;Alishia Juanelle Ferguson ,&nbsp;Jennifer D. Webb","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to analyze older adults’ familiarity with new transportation options (ride-hailing services, bike-share services, and shared e-scooter services) and their perception towards autonomous vehicles (fully autonomous cars), as well as how transportation barriers influence their familiarity and perceptions, in Arkansas, a predominantly rural state. Data from 775 older adults aged 60 years or older were collected between October 2021 and October 2022. To fulfill the study objective, the study used Latent Class Cluster Analysis to segment older adults into classes based on their familiarity with new transportation options and their perceptions of autonomous vehicles. The effects of transportation barriers on class membership were analyzed by employing a Structural Equation Model. The Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCCA) identified three distinct groups of older adults based on their familiarity with new mobility services and perceptions of autonomous vehicles (AVs). The first group, Unacquainted Older Adults with Negative Perceptions, lacked familiarity with new transportation options and held negative views on AVs. They were more likely to experience individual-level barriers, including mobility impairments, driving cessation, and lack of smartphone access. The second group, Acquainted Older Adults with Negative Perceptions, was aware of ride-hailing, car-sharing, and micromobility services but remained skeptical about AVs. They primarily faced interpersonal and community-level barriers, such as lack of informal rides, limited taxi access, and social support constraints. The third group, Acquainted Older Adults with Positive Perceptions, was the most familiar with new mobility options and exhibited a favorable attitude toward AVs. However, they faced car access limitations and environmental barriers, such as limited public transit and inadequate pedestrian infrastructure. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions, technology training, infrastructure improvements, and policy initiatives to enhance familiarity with new transportation options among older adults’ mobility and acceptance of AVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 73-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsafe driving behavior in the presence of hawkers’ encroachment on urban roads","authors":"Humaira Munir ,&nbsp;Farrukh Baig ,&nbsp;Jaeyoung Jay Lee ,&nbsp;Amjad Pervez","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In developing countries, roadside hawkers can distract drivers and motorcyclists, increasing the risk of crashes. This study assesses drivers’ and motorcyclists’ intentions to stop or change lanes when encountering hawkers. To achieve this, an extended theory of planned behavior framework is employed, incorporating perceived crash risk, past experiences with hawkers on urban roads, and empathic concern alongside traditional variables of the theory of planned behavior. A questionnaire survey was conducted among drivers and motorcyclists in Lahore, Pakistan, collecting 1603 valid responses. The data was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. Results indicate that respondents, having positive attitudes of safety towards engaging with hawkers, and those with past experience of such behavior have higher intentions to perform unsafe behaviors, i.e., decelerate/stop or overtake/change lanes to look and respond to hawkers on the roadside, or to observe people buying goods from the roadside hawkers. The findings highlight the need for incorporating driver education on roadside distractions into licensing programs, alongside policy enforcement and public awareness campaigns, while also promoting urban planning interventions such as designated areas for street vendors to enhance road safety and support their livelihoods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 54-72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety behaviors and collision risks between pedestrians and micro-mobilities in multi-user virtual reality environments","authors":"Jae-Woong Sim,&nbsp;Gi-Hyoug Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the complex interactions between pedestrians and micro-mobilities on streets, especially with the increasing use of e-scooters, presents a persistent challenge. This study seeks to fill this gap by investigating the collision risk among sidewalk users, focusing specifically on evasive actions and sidewalk configurations.The analytical framework of this study encompasses three main objectives: (1) identifying differences in evasive actions and risks among pedestrians and the two types of micro-mobilities—bicycles and e-scooters; (2) investigating the impact of concurrent evasive actions between pedestrians and micro-mobilities on collision risks; and (3) exploring practical implications of lane separations for sidewalk users. A total of 102 participants took part in VR environment experiments, each engaging in three sessions as a pedestrian, bicycle rider, and e-scooter user. Evasive actions, risk, and risk assessment serve as pivotal metrics of behaviors and cognition in the VR environment, quantified through behavioral observations and questionnaires. The study’s findings illustrate that taking evasive actions significantly reduces risks, particularly regarding micro-vehicles, where early evasive actions by micro-vehicle users play a crucial role in enhancing pedestrian safety. Additionally, a three-lane sidewalk proves effective in diminishing risks and risk assessments between pedestrians and e-scooters. The insights gained into behaviors and risk models from this study hold the potential to enhance understanding of pedestrian safety and mitigate risks between pedestrians and micro-mobility vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"112 ","pages":"Pages 342-360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who wants to use transport super apps? Insights from combined PLS-SEM and NCA methods","authors":"Marc Hasselwander","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Super apps are a recent phenomenon in the retail sector, seamlessly integrating mobility, delivery, payments, entertainment, and other services into a single platform. While super apps such as WeChat and Alipay are well-established in many Asian markets, their adoption in Western markets remains largely underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining consumer intentions to adopt transport super apps in Germany, where platforms like Uber and Bolt are beginning to introduce the super app concept. Combining Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), data from 575 potential users were analyzed. The results reveal that performance expectancy (PE), price value (PV), and habit (HA) significantly impact behavioral intentions to use transport super apps. Notably, PE and PV are necessary conditions for consumer adoption to manifest. Achieving the highest level of adoption intention requires meeting minimum threshold levels of 35.6% for PE and 12% for PV. Moreover, “app fatigue” was found to positively influence adoption, suggesting that super apps are perceived as convenient replacements for multiple single-purpose apps. The insights from this study highlight the importance of tailoring marketing strategies to emphasize transport super apps’ valued benefits for key target groups. This research contributes to the emerging literature on super apps, highlighting the need for sector-specific investigations across various super app categories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining positive driver behaviors: Development of the Multidimensional Positive Driver Behavior Questionnaire (M − PDBQ) and examining it in relation to driving and safety outcomes","authors":"Şerife Yılmaz ,&nbsp;Bahar Öz","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on positive driver behaviors has been relatively scarce compared to studies on risky driving behaviors. While previous literature has often narrowly defined positive driver behaviors as politeness and prosocial behaviors, this study argues for a broader scope, including safety and eco-friendly tendencies. To explore this expanded scope and its connection to driving and safety, both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. Study 1 aimed to investigate the multidimensional nature of positive driver behaviors. To achieve this, sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted to develop the Multidimensional Positive Driver Behavior Questionnaire (M − PDBQ). In the subsequent study, the psychometric properties of the M − PDBQ and its relationship with driving-related variables (e.g., risky driver behaviors and aggressive driving), and road safety outcomes (e.g., traffic tickets, accidents) were examined with 628 drivers. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified three key dimensions: smooth and proactive mobility, environmentally sustainable behaviors, and risk communication, highlighting the multidimensional nature of positive driver behaviors. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that positive driver behaviors have the potential to enhance road safety by mitigating risky and aggressive driving behaviors such as violations and anger expression. This research advances the understanding of positive driver behaviors by providing a comprehensive conceptualization, developing a new questionnaire to measure it, and investigating its relationship with driving and road safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"113 ","pages":"Pages 14-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disposition towards automated driving scale (DADS): Development and psychometric properties of a brief self-report measure to assess subject’s disposition towards automated driving","authors":"Antonella Somma ,&nbsp;Andrea Fossati ,&nbsp;Linda Boscaro ,&nbsp;Andrea Galbiati ,&nbsp;Maria Gabriella Signorini ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Gobbi","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positive disposition and trust in automated vehicle systems is a fundamental requisite for using, buying and taking full advantage of automated vehicles (AVs). The present study aims at developing a short, but psychometrically sound, measures of AVs acceptance that could be administered to both large samples and during experimental sessions. To this aim, in a preliminary study, we developed the Disposition towards Automated Driving Scale (DADS), an 11-item self-report measure. To test the psychometric properties of the DADS, 590 adult participants were administered the Disposition towards Automated Driving Scale (DADS). The DADS showed adequate factor structure and internal consistency. Additionally, the DADS showed negative and significant associations with theoretically relevant constructs, including subject’s interest in car driving (Spearman <em>r</em> = −0.11, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), Driver Behavior Questionnaire Aggressive Violations scale scores (Spearman <em>r</em> = −0.13, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0125), and Big Five Inventory Neuroticism scale scores (Spearman <em>r</em> = −0.14, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). To test the practical utility of the DADS in an experimental context, an independent sample of 55 participants completed the DADS during an experimental automated driving study using a dynamic driving simulator. Notably, the DADS scores were provided with adequate reliability also in this context and showed positive and significant associations with the involvement experienced during the automated driving experimental session (Spearman <em>r</em> = 0.32, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and the subjective experience of realism (Spearman <em>r</em> = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). As a whole, the use of the DADS may contribute to understanding AVs acceptance across different populations and contexts, while paving the way for future studies on the barriers that still hinder the acceptance of AVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"112 ","pages":"Pages 305-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of consistency in truck driver fatigue management: Australian law enforcement officer’s and transport regulation agent’s perceptions of enforcement","authors":"Gregory J. Casey ,&nbsp;Toby Miles-Johnson ,&nbsp;Garry J. Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Truck driver fatigue is regarded as a serious safety hazard and a leading factor in road crashes in the Australian road transport industry. Since 2014 most Australian states have enforced truck driver fatigue regulation via restrictive work hours. Despite the implementation of these control measures, truck driver fatigue remains a safety issue, exacerbated by inconsistent regulation between the organisations and functionaries tasked with its management. This study presents the findings from semi-structured interviews conducted with law enforcement officers (LEO) and transport regulation agents (TRA) to determine factors that influence their intentions and behaviours regarding the enforcement of truck driver fatigue (TDF) regulations. <span><span>Ajzen, 2005</span></span> Theory of Planned Behaviour was used to examine the factors that enable or disenable TDF enforcement, and how different perceptions within and between these cohorts often lead to inconsistent enforcement outcomes. Six main themes emerged from the study: 1) Limited foundational training affects practice knowledge, 2) Limited practice knowledge undermines confidence and enforcement actions, 3) Use of discretionary powers may mask skill gaps, 4) Competing occupational demands constrain TDF enforcement, 5) Exposure to TDF incidents reinforces enforcement practice, and 6) Self-motivated field learning positively affects knowledge and practice skills. The findings from this study offer original insight into a previously under-researched area regarding the factors which affect the enforcement of truck driver fatigue laws in Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"112 ","pages":"Pages 322-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated autonomous vehicles acceptance model: Theoretical development and results based on the UTAUT2 model","authors":"Farzana Asad Mir","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have examined acceptance of autonomous vehicles (AVs) by applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model and extending it with factors applicable to AV acceptance. However, this has resulted in a multitude of factors with mixed findings about their impact. This study develops and validates an integrated UTAUT2 model for AV acceptance by conducting a systematic quantitative review of the AV studies that have extended the UTAUT2 model. From the initially identified 298 studies, 28 met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed to identify the most studied external factors, which the results revealed as perceived risk, perceived safety, trust in technology, innovativeness, and price sensitivity. An integrated UTAUT2 model including these factors was proposed and then validated by collecting and analyzing data from 402 respondents. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results showed that trust in technology was the most influential predictor of AV acceptance, followed by innovativeness, performance expectancy, perceived safety, hedonic motivation, social influence, and price sensitivity. Evidence was not found to support the impact of perceived risk, effort expectancy, and price value on AV acceptance. This integrated model offers a foundation for further AV acceptance research. The study also provides a more nuanced understanding about the factors influencing AV acceptance to guide policy makers and practitioners in devising effective AV adoption strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"112 ","pages":"Pages 290-304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}