Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced weather extremes and climatic stresses in the last four decades and future predictions urging mangrove restoration and resilient agriculture in the Sundarban, India","authors":"Shanmugam Vijayakumar,&nbsp;Pratap Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Soumya Ranjan Padhy,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Dash,&nbsp;Narayanan Manikandan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12211-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12211-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change–induced phenomena, including rising sea levels and extreme weather events like floods and drought, are significantly affecting the Sundarban mangrove ecosystems. This study investigates trends in nine temperature and eight precipitation extreme weather indices for the Indian-Sundarban region using daily historical weather data (1982–2017) and the RClimDex graphical interface. Future climate projections were generated using statistical downscaling of an ensemble mean from 19 general circulation models under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The results indicate significant change over the past four decades, including increased annual mean minimum temperatures, reduced cool nights, more warm nights, fewer cool days, and a decreased diurnal temperature range. Precipitation trends show a rise in heavy rainy days, along with longer consecutive dry and wet periods. Future projections reveal a consistent increase in annual rainfall under RCP 4.5 (0.3–3.8%) and RCP 8.5 (3.0–6.3%), alongside a gradual increase in mean temperatures under RCP 4.5 (up to 1.2 °C for minimum and 1.3 °C for maximum temperature) and sharper increases under RCP 8.5 (up to 2.9 °C for minimum and 3.0 °C for maximum temperatures). These trends highlight the escalating risks to Sundarban mangroves, which are critical for protecting the mainland from flooding, tidal waves, cyclones, and coastal erosion. Enhanced extreme events, such as increased flooding and droughts, underscore the urgent need for robust conservation measures, including mangrove restoration and climate-resilient agriculture. Linking adaptation and mitigation strategies with a strong policy framework is essential to safeguard the Sundarban ecosystem and its vital services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of landslide susceptibility: geotechnical insights, frequency ratio method, and hazard mitigation strategies in a volcanic terrain","authors":"Brigitte Momene Tuwa,&nbsp;Donald Hermann Fossi,&nbsp;Aubin Nzeugang Nzeukou,&nbsp;Sylvestre Ganno,&nbsp;Désire Tsozue","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12221-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12221-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates landslide susceptibility in the Baingo and Njinekejem areas with elevations ranging from 504 to 2863 m along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) in Central Africa. In this work, multifaceted approaches integrating geotechnical characterization, remote sensing data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to create a comprehensive landslide susceptibility map. The research methodology combines multiple factors contributing to landslide susceptibility, including topography, geology, land use, and soil properties, which are analyzed and integrated into a frequency ratio (FR) model. Detailed geotechnical analysis was conducted on soil samples from three locations (Ba1, Ba2, and NJ) to understand the mechanical behaviour of volcanic soils under saturated conditions. The soil analysis revealed significant physical and mechanical properties, including high porosity (55–61%), substantial void indices (1.228–1.561), and over-consolidation ratios around 21, indicating compressible but non-swelling characteristics. Additional parameters examined included unit weight and Atterberg limits to provide comprehensive insights into soil behaviour. The model’s accuracy was validated using the area under curve (AUC) method, achieving a value of 0.84, which demonstrates strong predictive capability. The resulting landslide susceptibility map identifies areas with varying degrees of susceptibility, from very low to very high, enabling stakeholders to develop targeted risk mitigation strategies for the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain size–dependent pollution levels in clastic sedimentary rocks, the example of the Eocene-aged sequence (NE Türkiye)","authors":"Çiğdem Saydam Eker","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12220-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12220-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study describes the role of grain size in controlling the pollution levels in clastic sedimentary rocks, by presenting results from the Eocene sequence in NE Türkiye. The mean concentrations of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) declined in order of Ni (179) &gt; Zn (89.6) &gt; Cu (62.5) &gt; Cr (24.6) &gt; As (15.9) &gt; Pb (13.8) &gt; Cd (0.21) &gt; Hg (0.11) in the shale/marl and Ni (113) &gt; Zn (48.2) &gt; Cu (22.3) &gt; Cr (21.7) &gt; As (10.8) &gt; Pb (7.4) &gt; Hg (0.09) &gt; Cd (&lt; 0.1) the in sandstone. Among the PTEs, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Hg in the shale/marls, and Ni, As, and Hg in the sandstones were enriched to the upper continental crust. Based on the values of the enrichment factor shales/marls were “minor enrichment” to “very severe enrichment” with As and “moderate enrichment” to “moderately severe enrichment” with Ni, and the sandstones were “moderate enrichment” to “very severe enrichment” with As and “moderate enrichment to “moderately severe enrichment” with Ni, respectively. The potential ecological risk index indicated that the PTEs in the shale/marl samples have a moderate to considerable potential ecological risk and the sandstone samples pose a low to moderate potential ecological risk. In a shale sample, the hazard quotient_ing, and hazard index values of As were found to be greater than 1 for children. The carcinogenic risk index_ing values of As in the samples are higher than the acceptable level of risk for children. The multivariate statistical analysis summarized that PTE accumulation in the Eocene sedimentary sequence was related to anthropogenic, hydrothermal fluid, and lithological influence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the Eastern Niger Rifts tectonostratigraphy and petroleum systems","authors":"Ismaila Mahamidou Alfazazi,&nbsp;Olawale Olakunle Osinowo,&nbsp;Moussa Harouna,&nbsp;Moussa Konaté","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12212-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12212-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review delves into the tectonic and stratigraphy evolution of the Eastern Niger Rifts and re-examines its petroleum systems. The region’s evolution includes rifting phases during the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. These rifting phases resulted in the formation of NW–SE and NNW-SSE trending fault systems and the deposition of K1, Donga, Yogou, Madama, Sokor-1, and Sorkor-2 Formations, as well as the set-up of the structural elements required for hydrocarbon accumulation. Two petroleum systems were identified in the East Niger Rift System. They include the Santonian-Campanian petroleum system and the Paleocene-Eocene one. Within the Termit Basin, the Santonian-Campanian petroleum system shows source rocks with excellent oil-generating potential and a maturity level corresponding to the peak of oil generation. The Paleocene-Eocene petroleum system shows source rocks with good potential and early mature within the oil window. The late Cretaceous petroleum system of the Tenere Basin demonstrates source rocks with fair to excellent potential and early mature. The grabens including Bilma, Kafra, and Grein Grabens within which oils were recently discovered are expected to contain good to excellent and mature source rocks, from Upper Cretaceous Formations (Donga and Yogou Formations) to Paleocene-Eocene (Sokor-1 Formation). The pay horizons of the Eastern Niger Rifts include Campanian interbedded sandstones of the Yogou Formation upper component and Eocene sand groups of Sokor-1 Formation with respectively fair to good and very good to excellent reservoir qualities. The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene interlayer shales trap locally the hydrocarbons within the area while the Oligocene shales of the Sokor-2 Formation serve as regional cap rock. The hydrocarbon migration pathways and accumulation within the area shed light on the region’s various exploration opportunities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating seepage flow characteristics with different sealing elements (case study: Lafour dam)","authors":"Kiyoumars Roushangar,&nbsp;Farhad Amanzadeh,&nbsp;Hamidreza Abbaszadeh,&nbsp;John Abraham","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12219-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12219-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A crucial issue in dam design is seepage from the dam. If water flow from dams is not adequately controlled, it can lead to problems that result in dam failure. The present study focuses on numerical modeling seepage and investigates the effects of water sealing systems on the foundation and body of an earth dam under various sustained flows. Various conditions ranging from optimal to critical have been considered in this research. The sealing elements under investigation include clay blankets, drains, and curtain grouting in the foundation. In general, the combined effects of the sealing elements, without considering their geometrical dimensions, have been studied. According to the results, a diversity in the types of flow reduction systems significantly impacts reducing flow within the dam body and foundation. Seepage discharge increases with height from the foundation floor, reaching its maximum between 38 and 46 m, and further downstream exhibits a descending trend. The combination of drains, clay blankets, and curtain grouting can, on average, reduce velocity by 83.2%, decrease seepage discharge by 15.5%, and alleviate 9.5% of the hydraulic load downstream of the dam. This combination improves hydraulics and promotes the stability of the dam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of the West African monsoon and the tropical easterly jet on Sudan rainfall by La Niña during the 2007 summer","authors":"Laban Lameck Kebacho,&nbsp;Monzer Hamadalnel,&nbsp;Altayeb Ragab","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12213-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12213-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The summer rains (July to September) in 2007 caused massive flooding in Sudan. It is important to understand the factors that lead to heavy rainfall to improve future forecast accuracy of similar events. This will help to minimize the associated loss of lives and destruction of property. We investigate the anomalous atmospheric circulation associated with the heavy rainfall event in Sudan during the 2007 summer. The study used precipitation data from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) TS version 4.06 for precipitation data, and atmospheric variables from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)—Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis II. The study area was divided into three zones, and the time series for each zone was calculated by averaging the data from all grids within that zone. The results show that the August 2007 rainfall significantly exceeded the long-term average in all zones, with zones 1 and 2 experiencing the most substantial increase of approximately 100 mm/month, while zone 3 saw an increase of about 40 mm/month. The 2007 summer rain is significantly influenced by the West African monsoon (WAM) and the tropical easterly jet (TEJ). The WAM strengthened south-to-southwesterly winds, bringing excess moisture from the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean (EAO) into Sudan. The absence of Harmattan winds allowed the moist air to penetrate further north. The convergence of moisture fluxes from the East Atlantic Ocean, the Congo Forest, and the Red Sea significantly facilitated favorable conditions for strong convection, contributing to the high rainfall in Sudan. Additionally, this study looks at how the TEJ contributes to the moist air associated with the 2007 summer rainfall. Results show that strong La Niña conditions of 2007 intensified and shifted the TEJ westward, enhancing the northward penetration of moist air and increasing rainfall over Sudan. The findings further indicate that La Niña conditions influenced the WAM flow, shifting the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) by approximately 2° northward. This knowledge of how La Niña influences the characteristics of the WAM and TEJ can help local weather forecasters improve the accuracy of their predictions for heavy rainfall events in Sudan on a seasonal timescale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing mine ventilation optimization and friction factor determination for underground mines","authors":"Maria Niubó,&nbsp;José Juan de Felipe,&nbsp;Marc Bascompta,&nbsp;Francesc Pérez-Ràfols,&nbsp;Jordi Vives-Costa,&nbsp;Lluís Sanmiquel,&nbsp;Joan-Antoni López","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12205-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12205-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The determination of the friction factors in an underground excavation are crucial to reach an adequate model of the ventilation system and, consequently, to select the ventilation system and improve the comfort and safety of the mine. The diversity of calculation methods and experimental data sources makes it necessary to carry out a state of the art on this matter. An assessment of the friction factors is provided for different types of underground mining, soft and hard rock mining. Some data using TBM (tunnel boring machine) is also gathered and analyzed. Considering the excavation system, support applied, and mining method. A particular focus on the different techniques to obtain the friction factor values has also been described, including the new approaches available.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-025-12205-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical potential reinforcing of three porous clays from Tunisia by adding the industrial ceramic waste","authors":"Hiba Zouaoui,&nbsp;Jamel Bouaziz","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12217-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12217-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the reinforcing mechanics of ceramic products of three porous clays from Tunisia were investigated by adding non-plastic minerals such as the industrial ceramic waste. Three different mixtures (X1, X2, and X3) were prepared and assessed for their possible ceramic applications. X-ray diffraction, thermal analyses, dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy, and physical–mechanical tests such as stress to strength, Young modulus, shear modulus, and water absorption were used to evaluate the phase evolution and microstructure of the mixtures fired between 900 and 1150 °C for X1 and X2 and between 900 and 1100 °C for X3. The required performance of the ceramic product has been improved due to the formation of the vitreous and anorthite phases. The European Norm EN 14411 was used to classify ceramic products for each firing temperature and to determine their field of application. In accordance with this Norm, X1 and X2 sintering at 1150 °C for 12 min with water absorption ≤ 0.5% can be used for the porcelainized and fully vitrified stoneware production. X3 sintering at 1100 °C for 12 min with water absorption of ˃14% is suggested for the earthenware and unglazed stoneware production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought propagation in an Andean basin in South America: a spatio-temporal analysis approach with monitoring indices","authors":"Camilo Ocampo-Marulanda,&nbsp;Julián David Mera-Franco,&nbsp;Víctor Augusto Lizcano,&nbsp;Yesid Carvajal-Escobar,&nbsp;Teresita Canchala,&nbsp;Daniel Felipe Zorrilla-Millan,&nbsp;Eduardo Caicedo-Bravo","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12185-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12185-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drought is a climatic phenomenon that has increased in severity over time. This study analyzed drought spread in the Alto Patía basin (13,047 km²) in South America, applying the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) to assess meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological drought, respectively. Synchronous and asynchronous correlations were estimated, and Wavelet analysis was conducted to verify relationships among drought types. Results show that the lag between drought types varies based on the intensity, temporal continuity, and spatial extent of meteorological drought. A lag of zero months (1–2 months) was observed between meteorological and hydrological drought when moderate (severe) meteorological drought partially (fully) covers the basin. Agricultural drought, however, does not always correspond to meteorological drought during isolated rainfall events. As the first study in Colombia to systematically connect these drought types, this research addresses a gap in understanding how drought impacts progress across systems in regions with complex rainfall patterns. These findings offer critical insights into the interdependencies among drought types, supporting enhanced drought monitoring and early warning systems in similar climatic regions. By identifying specific lags between meteorological and hydrological droughts, this study provides practical guidance for land management, water conservation, and crop planning, offering a foundation for future research on drought resilience strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-025-12185-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenario-based modelling of carbon storage and sequestration using InVEST model in Kolkata, India, and its environs","authors":"Swarnava Dey,&nbsp;Jayita Guha Niyogi,&nbsp;Debashish Das","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12210-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12210-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessment of urban carbon balance is imperative to address anthropogenic climate change. Biotic sequestration by urban vegetation and soil boosts terrestrial carbon storage and helps in maintaining the balance. However, unplanned urbanization in developing nations has caused an alarming loss of stored carbon. This study aims to quantify the spatio-temporal change in carbon storage for past, present, and future scenarios in Kolkata and its surroundings using the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model. Four plausible future scenarios were simulated using a two-axis scenario analysis, based on two major drivers of urban sustainability: economic growth and restoration of UGS (urban green space). Each simulated scenario corresponds to the presumptive narrative of a 10% change in the LULC (land-use land-cover). The findings indicate a substantial loss of stored carbon (2.03 Tg) with a valuation of $ 410 million from 1992 to 2022. Notable reduction of carbon storage can be detected in the eastern and southern periphery, in a 10–15 km radius from the center of the city. This loss is mostly attributed to the emergence of key urban growth centers, characterized by large-scale infrastructural development. Compared to 2022, total carbon storage decreased by 10–15% in scenarios directed by economic development (least focus on UGS restoration), whereas it increased by 21% when UGS were restored. The methodology combines scenario analysis with carbon storage modelling, providing researchers and urban planners with valuable insights for proactive policy planning that support healthy urban livelihoods and ecosystems. It also helps in assessing the importance of urban vegetation and soil as natural carbon sinks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}