Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Diagenetic controls on the petrographic, microstructural, and geomechanical properties of Ambar Formation dolomite for engineering and construction applications","authors":"Hassan Ayaz,&nbsp;Jiancong Xu,&nbsp;Adnan Khan,&nbsp;Sohail Ahmad,&nbsp;Sohail Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12537-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12537-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dolomite is an important carbonate rock widely used as a construction aggregate, foundation material, and pavement resource; however, its engineering performance is strongly controlled by diagenetic processes such as dolomitization, recrystallization, cementation, pressure solution, stylolitization, dissolution, and fracture development. These processes modify mineralogy, pore structure, cementation, and microcrack networks, thereby influencing strength, water absorption, durability, and chemical reactivity. This study presents a comprehensive geomechanical and petrographic evaluation of dolomite from the Ambar Formation in the tectonically active Peshawar Basin, Pakistan, to assess its potential for structural and geotechnical applications. Representative bulk samples were subjected to laboratory testing, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS), unconfined tensile strength (UTS), specific gravity, porosity, and water absorption, along with thin-section petrography and SEM–EDS observations. The samples were classified as dolomitic packstone and exhibited fine- to medium-grained subhedral to anhedral dolomite textures with accessory micrite, spar calcite, quartz, and opaque minerals. Mechanical testing yielded UCS values of 45.7–139 MPa and UTS values of 6.8–10.4 MPa, indicating favorable strength potential for load-bearing applications. Physical/index properties showed high specific gravity (≥ 2.81 g/cm³) and low porosity (&lt; 1%), supporting dense and low-absorption material characteristics. Petrographic observations revealed stylolites, microfractures, strained quartz, and reactive carbonate textures, indicating that strength variability is controlled by diagenetic fabric and microstructural heterogeneity. These features also suggest possible susceptibility to alkali–silica reaction (ASR) and alkali–carbonate reaction (ACR) if the material is used as concrete aggregate. However, because standardized ASTM expansion tests, such as ASTM C1260/C1293, were not conducted, the ASR/ACR risk is reported only as a screening-level indication requiring confirmation. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Ambar Formation dolomite has promising geomechanical properties, but its safe use in infrastructure applications requires integrated petrographic, mechanical, and durability-based verification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment textural characteristics and mineral distributions of the surface sediments from Kodiyambalayam to Cuddalore coast, Tamil Nadu, India: implications for depositional environment","authors":"Venkatesan Selvaraj,&nbsp;Saradhambal Ramachandran Singarasubramanian,&nbsp;Parthasarathy Pandu,&nbsp;Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnan,&nbsp;Marimuthu Suresh Gandhi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12544-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12544-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to characterize the texture, heavy minerals, and quartz particle microtextures of sediments from Kodiyambalayam to Cuddalore Beach in Tamil Nadu, India. The textural properties and variability of the sediments were evaluated using metrics such as Mean (Mz), Standard Deviation (σ₁), Skewness (Sk_I), and Kurtosis (K_G). The results indicate that the sediment consists of medium sand (50%) and fine sand (50%), with grains relatively well sorted (76.67%). Skewness values range from negative to positive, with a minimum of 0.258 φ and a maximum of 0.413 φ. Kurtosis values further reveal that the sediments are predominantly leptokurtic (33.33%), mesokurtic (30%), platykurtic (30%), and very leptokurtic (6.67%). The beach process in a shallow maritime environment and turbidity action were represented by the sediment’s Linear Discriminant Function (LDF). According to the CM C-M (C-Coarse fraction, M-median grain size) pattern diagram of the sediments, deposition occurs in bottom suspension. Quartz granules exhibit distinctive surface microtextures that differ in mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties. Conchoidal cracks and arcuate steps on sand grains indicate that they formed from crystalline rocks. The heavy minerals come from granulitic gneiss and charnockites. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was used to identify minerals in sediment samples. These included quartz, feldspar, clay minerals, carbonate minerals, and organic carbon. Overall, these data provide significant results of the study site for further levels of sediment pollution and environmental studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of early diagenesis in shaping marine sediment records: a review","authors":"Ertan Karahanli","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12557-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12557-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine sediments are not merely passive repositories of deposited material, but dynamic geochemical systems in which organic-matter decomposition, sequential electron-acceptor use, mineral dissolution and precipitation, and porewater-solid phase interactions operate together. Within this system, early diagenesis refers to the set of reactions that begins at the sediment–water interface and continues through shallow burial, progressively reshaping the primary geochemical signal of the sediment. Recent studies show that early diagenesis cannot be reduced to single processes such as sulfate reduction or methane formation. It should instead be interpreted through an integrated framework that links alkalinity generation, Fe–Mn cycling, retention and release of redox-sensitive trace elements, silica and silicate alteration, organic sulfur formation, and benthic fluxes. This review synthesizes the geochemical basis of early diagenesis and redox zonation in marine sediments across different marine settings, including continental shelves, semi-enclosed basins, deltaic muds, gas seep environments, and abyssal plains. Organic matter mineralization, sulfate reduction, anaerobic oxidation of methane, Fe–Mn transformations, mobility of redox-sensitive elements, organic sulfur formation, and silica/silicate reactions are discussed together. The synthesis argues that early diagenesis is not a secondary noise that simply disturbs sedimentary records; rather, it is a primary interpretive layer that determines how marine sediment records acquire, preserve, and transform environmental meaning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying morphotectonic deformation in the Cauvery River Basin, peninsular India","authors":"Kalpana Gururani,&nbsp;Reshmi MR,&nbsp;Girish Ch Kothyari","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12545-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12545-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Indian Peninsula is widely recognized as a tectonically robust area dominated by old lithology, rivers, and landscapes. But some areas of this old landscape, existence of young topography and past seismic activity strongly suggest function of tectonic carving. This study examines the patterns in the spatial orientation of tectonic structures in Cauvery basin of peninsular India, as well as the prevailing orientations of structural characteristics and their relationships to these patterns. In order to comprehend the landscape advancement and deformation trends within the Cauvery basin of peninsular India, we investigated parameters viz., steepness index (Ksn), Chi, kinckpoint, and hypsometric integral analysis using GIS and METLAB tools. The watershed delineation of the Cauvery basin along with thorough drainage network has been generated through SRTM DEM and some software assistance viz., Arc GIS, Global Mapper and MATLAB. The central portion of the basin is more active than than remaining parts of the basin, even though the entire peninsular India is tectonically stable part. The central area of the basin in vicinity to Kollegal-Sivasamudram Fault, Mekedatu Fault, Hogenakal Fault and Mettur Fault shows more Knickpoints, a high value for the hypsometric integral, and exhibits a high rate of incision, all of which demonstrate neotectonics rejuvenation in this area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation-wise petrophysical characterization of Paleogene sandstone reservoirs: a case study for the Upper Assam Basin, India","authors":"Monmohan Gogoi,&nbsp;Diganta Bhuyan,&nbsp;Dilip Majumdar","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12560-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12560-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study establishes a basin-scale, formation-wise petrophysical characterization of Paleogene sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Assam Basin, India, and develops a quantitative comparative framework for reservoir ranking across the Nurpuh, Lakadong–Therria (Lk + Th), and Langpar formations. Gamma ray, spontaneous potential, neutron porosity, bulk density, and deep resistivity logs from eighteen wells are analysed using a standardized workflow. Reservoir sands are delineated through integrated lithology discrimination. Shale-corrected effective porosity (<span>(:{phi:}_{e})</span>) is estimated using neutron–density cross-consistency. Water saturation (<span>(:{S}_{w})</span>) is computed using Archie’s equation with representative parameters (<span>(:{R}_{w})</span> = 0.10 Ω·m; m = 2.0; <i>n</i> = 2.0), followed by structured sensitivity analysis (<span>(:{R}_{w})</span>= 0.08–0.12 Ω·m; m, <i>n</i> = 1.8–2.2). Permeability (k) is estimated using four empirical models (Timur, Coates–Denoo, Wyllie–Rose, and modified Carman–Kozeny) to constrain model dependence.</p><p>Lakadong–Therria shows the largest cumulative net clean sand thickness (622.7 m from 162 sand zones) and stable reservoir-grade porosity (median <span>(:{phi:}_{e})</span> = 0.168; mean 0.167). It shows the lowest thickness-weighted mean <span>(:{S}_{w})</span> (0.397) and consistently ranks as the dominant flow unit across all permeability models. Nurpuh displays heterogeneous porosity (median <span>(:{phi:}_{e})</span> = 0.136; range 0.017–0.350) and higher thickness-weighted mean <span>(:{S}_{w})</span> (0.475), with 61.35% of net sands having <span>(:{S}_{w}:)</span>&gt; 0.60. Langpar contains localized high-porosity, low-<span>(:{S}_{w})</span> intervals (median <span>(:{phi:}_{e})</span> = 0.217; thickness-weighted mean <span>(:{S}_{w})</span> = 0.147) but limited cumulative net sand development (21.85 m). Despite numerical divergence among permeability models, formation-wise ranking remains consistent, identifying Lakadong–Therria as the principal Paleogene reservoir unit at basin scale. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that <span>(:{S}_{w})</span> is most influenced by the cementation exponent (m), producing deviations up to ± 18% in formation-scale mean values; however, stratigraphic reservoir ranking remains stable within realistic parameter bounds.</p><p>The study introduces an uncertainty-aware, basin-scale, formation-wise comparative petrophysical framework integrating standardized lithology screening, multi-model permeability envelopes, and quantitative Archie parameter sensitivity analysis across multiple wells. The results provide quantitative stratigraphic prioritization for exploration targeting and reservoir development planning in the Upper Assam Basin. This approach provides a reproducible methodology for reservoir prioritization in heterogeneous clastic basins and strengthens interpretational transparency in log-based reservoir evaluation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing landslide susceptibility maps with aspect","authors":"Seda Çellek","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12542-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12542-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the preparation of landslide susceptibility maps, particular attention is paid to selecting parameters that best represent the characteristics of the study area. The aspect parameter is among the most practical parameters to produce and apply. In this study, differences among the results of aspect maps automatically classified using the ArcGIS software for 64 landslide sites were examined. Although these automatically generated maps are often preferred due to their visually appealing presentation and classification based on the main directions, researchers frequently modify the default classification scheme. The automatic classification typically produces ten subclasses, yet many researchers prefer to use the “reclassify” option to merge the two north-oriented subclasses into a single north class, resulting in nine subclasses.This study analyzed the distribution of landslides within the subclasses generated by the “reclassify” option. Based on the landslide ratios, success rate percentages were calculated. Four different groups were created using automatic classification and applied to 64 maps to examine the variations in landslide frequency.The results indicated that four of the generated groups performed significantly better than the others.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148433930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of groundwater potential zone: a case study in Kumargram Block in Eastern Dooars region of West Bengal, India","authors":"Prasanya Sarkar,&nbsp;Shrinwantu Raha,&nbsp;Anup Sen,&nbsp;Koushik Sarkar,&nbsp;Saumyajit Ghosh,&nbsp;Shasanka Kumar Gayen","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12556-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12556-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research was focused on assessing the groundwater potentiality of Eastern Doars region using the ENTROPY, SWARA and its’ integrated weightage technique. Delineation of Ground Water Potential Zone (GWPZ) was done using the PROMITHEE approach. Total 12 indicators such as, the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Curvature, Elevation, Drainage Density, Distance from River, Rainfall, Slope, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Topographic Roughness Index (TRI), Aspect, Land-Use Land Cover (LULC) and Topographic Positioning Index (TPI) were used in this research. The Ground Water Potential Zone (GWPZ) was classified into five zones such as Very High, High, Moderate, Low and Very Low. 89.255 Sq. Km, area was identified as the Very High GWPZ; 187.416 Sq. Km. area was marked as the High GWPZ (45.3% area). Low and Very Low GWPZ was marked with 76.474 Sq. Km, area (12.5% area). Moderate GWPZ was marked in 153.746 Sq. Km. area (25.2% area). The final GWPZ map was validated using water depth data from 27 wells amongst which, 7 wells were monitored by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), while the remaining were field-surveyed groundwater depth points. The Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) and the Precision Recall Curve were employed for the validation. The Area Under Curve for Precision Recall (PR-AUC) comes approximately 0.92. The findings of this research offer valuable insights for developing a strong policy framework to address groundwater depletion and promote sustainable water resource management to combat with increasing agricultural demands and environmental challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood susceptibility mapping in a Himalayan mountain basin using GIS and multi-criteria analysis: a case study from Lamjung District, Nepal","authors":"Bibash Dhakal,&nbsp;Yojana Rimal,&nbsp;Barsha Gautam,&nbsp;Andrea Petroselli","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12558-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12558-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flood hazard in Himalayan mid-hill basins is intensifying due to increasing monsoon variability and expanding valley settlements. This study develops a process-informed GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision-Making framework integrated with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess flood susceptibility in Lamjung District, Nepal. Nine conditioning factors—elevation, slope, rainfall, distance to river, drainage density, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), land use/land cover, soil type, and NDVI—were structured to represent precipitation forcing, runoff production, terrain-driven moisture accumulation, and hydrological exposure at 10 m resolution. AHP weighting (Consistency Ratio = 0.037) identified distance to river (0.156), rainfall (0.151), and TWI (0.152) as dominant controls. The resulting Flood Susceptibility Index indicates that 604.54 km² (35.73%) of the district falls within high and very high susceptibility classes, primarily along the Marsyangdi River corridor. Validation was conducted using a qualitative approach based on documented flood events and spatial agreement with known flood-prone areas, as the lack of spatially explicit flood inventory data constrained formal quantitative validation. The spatial distribution of susceptibility shows strong correspondence with river corridors and reported flood impacts, providing qualitative support for the spatial plausibility of the model outputs. While the proposed framework provides a physically interpretable and adaptable approach for flood susceptibility assessment in data-constrained mountainous regions, its transferability is subject to limitations associated with AHP-based subjective weighting and data availability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Assessing the impacts of cyclone ‘Remal’ induced storm surges on soil and water salinization in a coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"Taposhi Habiba,&nbsp;Md. Alim Miah,&nbsp;Tajim Ahammad,&nbsp;Md Khairul Haque","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12547-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12547-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing recycled PET fiber-reinforced concrete for sustainable and seismic-resilient infrastructure: a case study of Taiwan’s advancing green construction practices","authors":"Sufiyan Ahmad,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Lu,&nbsp;Mohd Sheob","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12538-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12538-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating concern over plastic waste and the urgent need for sustainable construction materials have catalyzed innovative approaches, such as the integration of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers into concrete. This study rigorously investigates the mechanical and durability performance of PET fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC) through comprehensive laboratory experiments and advanced simulation techniques. Concrete mixtures featuring 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% PET fibers were meticulously tested for key properties, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, as well as water absorption, chloride penetration, and freeze-thaw resistance. The results unequivocally indicate that both tensile and flexural strength significantly enhance with increasing fiber content, achieving optimal performance at a 1.0% PET fiber addition. Moreover, a compelling case study on the use of PFRC in seismic infrastructure in Taiwan revealed substantial improvements in energy dissipation and crack control, validated by finite element analysis and thorough life-cycle cost evaluation. These groundbreaking findings underscore the immense potential of PFRC to not only fulfill critical structural performance needs but also to advance environmental sustainability, particularly in earthquake-prone regions. Such advancements represent a pivotal step toward a more sustainable and resilient future in construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-026-12538-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}