Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Facies classification using k-means clustering algorithm in Mara Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Esther Kerubo,&nbsp;Moruffdeen Adedapo Adabanija,&nbsp;Olatunbosun Adedayo Alao","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12311-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12311-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An integrated <i>k</i>-means clustering of well log data from Mara field, Niger Delta, Nigeria, has been carried out. This is with a view to segmenting well data into different facies based on their physical and geological properties. The relationship between the cluster labels and the facies types was studied using cross-plots, histograms, and statistical analysis. The results obtained from cluster prediction were compared with conventional methods of well log interpretation. Three well datasets from Mara field (Mara-1, Mara-2, and Mara-3) containing gamma ray, neutron porosity, density, and deep resistivity logs were used. The well data was subjected to data preprocessing, exploratory data analysis, outlier detection and removal, feature selection, and scaling to make the data more suitable for machine learning (ML) methods. Due to missing data in density and neutron porosity logs that might have occurred as a result of various reasons, including tool failures, depth misalignments, and manual removal of bad data, Mara-3 well was dropped for clustering as the issue could significantly impact petrophysical analyses and machine learning model performance. The <i>k</i>-means clustering algorithm was implemented using the Scikit-learn library. The elbow method and silhouette score were then applied to cluster the datasets as well as evaluate the number of clusters. The elbow method approximated the cluster level to be at 3, while with further evaluation, the silhouette score gave the optimum level of clustering with its highest value at cluster level of 2. A cluster level of 2 was selected to be the best with the highest score of 0.552, denoting that the data points are very compact within the cluster to which they belong. Based on the clustering results, different facies (shale and sandstone) were recognized successfully. The reservoir unit of sandstone and shale intercalations was delineated from the two wells and a dynamic depositional environment. Comparison of the identified facies units with conventional method of interpretation showed that the <i>k</i>-means algorithm was able to cluster the data and correlate them with depth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144868779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and orientation of paleochannel and its relationship to basement ridge in the western Ganga Plain","authors":"Rupa Ghosh,&nbsp;U. K. Shukla,&nbsp;Supriya Mondal","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12308-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12308-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the morphology of ancient fluvial systems in the Ganga–Yamuna interfluve and examines the potential influence of basement topography, specifically the Delhi–Haridwar Ridge (DHR), on their evolution. Using LANDSAT-8 false-colour composite imagery, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) maps, SRTM DEM, and borehole lithological data, two distinct types of paleochannels were identified: type 1, characterized by anastomosing patterns and type 2, exhibiting meandering forms. These paleochannels, with an average width of approximately 2.1 km, indicate the presence of a larger river system that was abandoned likely during a halted megafan-building event between the Late Pleistocene-Holocene. The borehole lithology analyses reveal four lithofacies associations (LA-1 to LA-4) indicating different depositional environments under different tectonic and climatic conditions. LA-1 may represent the basal depositional unit consisting of coarse sand and gravel, indicating high-energy braided river system, and may imply the lateral migration of the major rivers across the megafan surface and likely interpreted as relict channel deposits. Orientation analysis using azimuthal extraction techniques revealed that both the paleochannels and the DHR share a predominant NNE–SSW trend. Statistical correlation using the chi-square test yielded values between 9 and 18, below the critical threshold of 28, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the basement topography significantly influenced paleochannel development. This study underscores the importance of subsurface structural features in shaping ancient drainage systems and offers new insights into the tectonic and geomorphic evolution of the Ganga Plain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviour of under-reamed and helical piles under compressive and tensile loads: A comparative study","authors":"Yusra Baqi,&nbsp;Ibraheem Rais,&nbsp;Md. Rehan Sadique,&nbsp;Subhan Ahmad,&nbsp;Manojit Samanta","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12310-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12310-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a comparative study on under-reamed and helical piles under compressive and tensile loads. The study includes single-bulb, single-helix, double-bulb, double-helix, triple-bulb, triple-helix, and conventional pile types. The diameter and length for all the piles were 16 mm and 400 mm, respectively. Experimental studies were performed on the pile models under compressive loads using a tank of size 0.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.5 m. A numerical analysis was also conducted under compressive and tensile loading. The presence of bulbs and helices influenced the compressive and tensile behaviour of the piles. Under compressive loading conditions, it was observed that the triple bulb had a load-carrying capacity 5.5 times higher than the conventional pile and 4.7 times higher than the triple helix for the same settlement values. Comparing the load-carrying capacity of triple-bulb and triple helix piles under tensile loading, it was found that the former increased by 674% and 577%, respectively, over conventional piles. It has been observed that as the number of bulbs or helices increases, the pile’s settlement is reduced.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The integration of satellite gravity data and ground electrical resistivity methods for groundwater exploration, White Nile State, Sudan","authors":"Abdalla E. M. Elsheikh,&nbsp;Sami O. H. El Khidir,&nbsp;Azam A. Abdel Gadir","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12299-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12299-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study is carried out in selected vulnerable localities in terms of shortage in water supply in the White Nile State, Sudan, which include El Salam, Guli, and El Gabalain localities. These locations are either situated on basement rocks or dominated by thick clayey deposits within the NW-trending isolated sedimentary rift basins. The primary goal of this study is to explore the groundwater potential zones in the selected areas. The methods of investigations are based on the integration of the processed satellite gravity data with the ground electrical resistivity survey using winner and Schlumberger configurations. The interpretation of satellite gravity data were done through the Residual Bouguer Anomaly (RBA) and second vertical derivatives (SVD) to define the configuration of the sedimentary basins as water-bearing formations. The high-density rocks are attributed to the basement rocks, where the low-density rocks are related to the sedimentary sequences in the (RBA) maps. The faults, plains, and deep fractures are delineated as sharp boundaries between different gravity anomalies in (VSD) maps. The conducted geo-electrical surveys were done on the gravity data findings, detecting the lateral and vertical variations of sub-surface geology that help to highlight the groundwater occurrences. The high resistivity values ≥ 200 Ώ m refer to the occurrences of basement rocks; the medium resistivity values 20–200 Ώ m refer to the aquifer zones, while the low resistivity values of ≤ 20 Ώ m refer to clayey sediments or to saline water in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of cereals grain yield using fractional green canopy cover and NDVI in semi – arid region of Algeria","authors":"Hakima Boulaaras,&nbsp;Tarek Bouregaa","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12295-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12295-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The variable climatic conditions pose a significant threat for food safety, affecting crop yield. To address this challenge, it is essential to establish an operational grain yield forecasting system at the beginning of the growing season. Such a system would assist decision-makers in conducting early assessments. There is a need to create easier methods to estimate crop yield, as the application of the normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), obtained from satellite sensors and fractional green canopy cover (FGCC), derived from the Canopeo® application. This research aimed to assess and compare measurements of NDVI, FGCC, and crop biomass values across various growth stages of wheat and barley. Experimental trials were conducted over the growing seasons of 2019–2020, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022 in Setif, Algeria. The results show that FGCC the most accurate estimator for wheat and barley grain yield <i>R</i>² ranged from 0.781 to 0.783, surpassing crop biomass (<i>R</i>² ranged from 0.659 to 0.712) and NDVI (<i>R</i>² ranged from 0.637 to 0.642). The FGCC’s (RMSE) ranged from 0.051 to 0.107 tha⁻¹, biomass RMSE varied between 0.092 and 0.172 tha⁻¹, and NDVI RMSE fluctuated from 0.085 to 0.186 tha⁻¹. These findings suggest that the Canopeo® application proved to be a fast and reliable tool to estimate wheat and barley grain yield.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations on deterministic seismic hazard analysis for the study region, Gujarat","authors":"Rahul Kumar,&nbsp;Jitesh T. Chavda","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12305-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12305-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impulsive amount of energy in the form of seismic waves (body and surface waves) is released during earthquakes and may cause loss of property and life. In this context, hazard analysis becomes an important touchstone to analyse the risk associated with seismic events. Earthquake influences are observed for several kilometres, but severe impact is observed within few kilometres of the epicentre of an earthquake that is a small part of the active fault what generated the earthquake. In this study, the deterministic seismic hazard analysis is carried out for Gujarat, India, considering the 300 km region measured from the Gujarat boundary within Indian territory. The deterministic seismic hazard analysis is carried out and the hazard is evaluated in the form of peak ground acceleration at the bedrock level considering four different scenarios: hazard due to past earthquake data only, hazard due to past earthquake data and all faults considered as active, hazard due to past earthquake data and only active faults and hazard due to past earthquake data and partial length of the active faults considered as active. The evaluated hazard is compared with IS 1893 Part 1 (2016) and those available in the literature. Based on different scenarios considered in the study, the observations on the deterministic seismic hazard analysis for the study region, Gujarat, are drawn.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir characterization of Kolmani Field, Northeast Nigeria, using well log data and 3D seismic data for enhanced hydrocarbon prospectivity","authors":"Chekwube Nnamdi Didi,&nbsp;Olawale Olakunle Osinowo,&nbsp;Okey Eliseus Akpunonu,&nbsp;Osmond Ikechukwu Nwali","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12302-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12302-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kolmani field in the Gongola Basin, Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria had been underexplored with only three exploratory wells. The source rocks have been proven good; the reservoirs are yet to achieve their potentials. Therefore, this work characterized the reservoirs within Kolmani Field using well log and 3D seismic data for enhanced hydrocarbon prospectivity. The identified aggradational sequences in Kowell-1 well (6536.88ft-8172.75ft) and Kowell-2 well (6413.80ft-8218.78ft) likely formed in a floodplain or shallow marine shelf environment. In contrast, the progradational sequences in Kowell-1 (5690.74ft—6536.88ft) and Kowell-2 (5234.33 to 6413.80 ft) suggest deltaic or shoreline deposits. The retrogradational sequences in Kowell-1 (5101–5690.74 ft) and Kowell-2 (6413.80–8218.78ft) indicate a probable transgressive marine shelf or estuarine environment. However, two wells (Kowell-1 and Kowell-2) were used for petrophysical evaluation. Faults, anticlinal structures, four reservoirs, four complete depositional cycles, one prospect, and two leads were delineated. Reservoir data from the two wells in the Yolde Formation indicated gross thicknesses range from 180.5 to 566.9 ft, with net-to-gross (N/G) ratios between 0.42 and 0.87. V-shale values vary from 0.25 to 0.46, while porosity (Phi) ranges from 0.17 to 0.34. Water saturation (Sw) is between 0.30 and 0.51, with hydrocarbon saturation (Sh) from 0.49 to 0.70. Permeability (K) values range from 400.86 to 900.25 mD, indicating good reservoir quality. The mapped prospect A has 26 BCF STGIIP and 69.47 Mbbl STOIIP. The volumetrics of reservoirs suggest that Kolmani field is a promising field for hydrocarbon exploration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering deep structural anomalies: MT insights into the Mahanadi and Angul-Dhenkanal Shear Zones in the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt","authors":"Abhishek Yadav,&nbsp;Sudha Agrahari,&nbsp;Akarsh Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12294-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12294-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the eastern region of the Indian Shield, the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB) is renowned for its intricate geological history, shaped by the transformation of rock formations under increasing pressure and temperature. Shear zones are one of the prominent structural features within this area. This study aims to identify structural anomalies in the deeper layers near the Mahanadi River using magnetotelluric (MT) techniques to understand the structural characteristics. Nine MT soundings were conducted along the Mahanadi Shear Zone (MSZ) and Angul-Dhenkanal Shear Zone (ADSZ), forming a nearly north–south-oriented profile spanning approximately 74 km. A two-dimensional resistivity model was constructed based on the inversion of these nine MT soundings, using an initial model with a resistivity of 100 Ωm. The resulting 2D inverted model revealed lateral inhomogeneities, indicating conductive zones that confirm the presence of the pre-existing shear zones along the profile. The model also shows that the shallow subsurface has high electrical resistivity (&gt; 125 Ωm), possibly due to highly metamorphosed rocks, while the deeper zones display a conductive signature (&lt; 10 Ωm).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospecting future bauxite resources using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral imaging: insights from Modigarh Village, Chhatarpur District, Madhya Pradesh","authors":"Debjani Sarkar,&nbsp;P. Balaji,&nbsp;Jeyabal S.","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12306-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12306-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study integrates multispectral ASTER and high-resolution AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data to identify bauxite-rich pockets within the lateritic terrain of Modigarh village, Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India. ASTER L1B data were employed to delineate lateritic zones and lithological contact areas using Relative Band Depth (RBD) indices for gibbsite and laterite. To enhance mineral discrimination, AVIRIS-NG data were pre-processed through bad band removal and NDVI masking, followed by spectral analysis techniques including band math, RBD mapping, and Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU). Spectral signatures of gibbsite, boehmite, kaolinite, and hematite were identified by comparison with USGS reference spectra, field spectroradiometry, and laboratory data. False Color Composites, RBD images, and LSU-derived abundance maps effectively delineated bauxite-bearing zones. These remote sensing outputs were validated through petrographic studies revealing oolitic and pisolitic textures, and by XRF, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy confirming the mineralogical composition. The study highlights the effectiveness of combining spaceborne and airborne remote sensing technologies for high-resolution surface mapping of bauxite, offering a replicable methodology for similar lateritic terrains globally. This integrated approach supports efficient, non-invasive mineral exploration strategies and can significantly aid global bauxite resource assessments in tropical and sub-tropical regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineation of groundwater recharge potential zones using GIS-AHP and AR feasibility assessment in Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Md Sarif Khan,&nbsp;Anantha Rao Duragasi,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar Gumma","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12296-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12296-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In water-stressed areas, delineating feasible zones for artificial recharge (AR) to groundwater and pinpointing suitable sites are a challenging task. This study applies a GIS-based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to delineate groundwater recharge potential zones (GRPZs) by integrating multiple thematic layers. Pairwise comparisons and eigenvalue calculations yielded a consistency ratio (CR) of 0.09, confirming the reliability of the assigned weights. The resulting GRPZs map classifies the 14,122 sq.km study area into five categories: very high (9%), high (17%), moderate (29%), low (31%), and very low (14%). Northwestern and central areas show high recharge feasibility, while the eastern part has low to very low potential. The study also focuses on optimizing and distributing AR structures through a scientific approach for effective planning. Estimations are based on parameters such as weathered zone thickness, total area, rainfall, aquifer volume, water level, runoff, conductivity, and field data like well inventories, lithologs, and yield data. The total estimated unsaturated aquifer volume is 114,135 million cubic meters (MCM), which 124 MCM of surplus rainfall runoff available for recharge. Based on the analysis, a total 3602 artificial recharge (AR) structures, i.e., 2471 check dams (CDs) and 1131 percolation tanks (PTs) have been identified as feasible after accounting 7744 existing structures. Of these, 279 new AR structures (CDs and PTs with recharge shafts (RS)) are proposed in very high to moderate GRPZs. These are expected to harvest 7.17 MCM of rainwater, with 4.30 MCM recharged in drought-prone areas and also promoting farm-dug ponds aid sustainable, cost-effective groundwater recharge. Coastal and shallow water table regions are unsuitable for such interventions.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}