Tuğçe Anılan, Hasan Oğulcan Marangoz, Misra Gumma Wara
{"title":"L-moments based regional frequency analysis on 1D flood analysis by solving regular energy equations in the urban areas","authors":"Tuğçe Anılan, Hasan Oğulcan Marangoz, Misra Gumma Wara","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12233-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12233-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to employ flood frequency analysis integrated with GIS and HEC-RAS models to provide hazard maps for various return periods of flood discharge in the Değirmendere Basin, Trabzon, Türkiye. Point and regional flood frequency analyses were performed to estimate the flow rates for varying return periods. The L-moments method was used to calculate the distribution parameters of the annual maximum flow data from the regional stations. Based on the results of the regional flood frequency analysis, the HEC-RAS computational fluid dynamics software was employed to simulate the water surface profiles of Değirmendere using the mass conservation/momentum equations under steady flow conditions. Flood hazard maps were developed for flow rates with varying return periods. The results of the model provide a good representation of the flood risk region based on the detailed analysis of flood quantiles. The findings of this study can be used to inform flood management strategies and to enhance the resilience of urban regions to flood events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the efficacy of the post-stack processing in enhancing the quality of seismic data covering the Heba Oil Field, Abu Gharadig Basin, Egypt","authors":"Hatem Farouk Ewida, Mohammad Abdelfattah Sarhan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12218-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12218-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study deals with improving the seismic data quality to better interpret the subsurface structure of the Heba Oil Field using post-stack seismic data processing. Potential hydrocarbon accumulations have been discovered in the study area as deep as the Cretaceous Bahariya reservoirs. The seismic data used for these discoveries was processed mainly for this shallow section. The main target of this research is to enhance, mainly, the seismic imaging of the deeper section to help identify the deeper structures that could represent potential traps. Despite the seismic data processing being used on stacked seismic sections, i.e., post-stack processing, it enhanced not only the deeper section of the data but also the shallow. Time-variant frequency filtering (TVF) and predictive deconvolution were found to be the most effective processing techniques to increase the seismic resolution and, in turn, improve the data imaging quality. Several dipping reflectors representing deep geologic structures have been imaged with good continuity and remarkable geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping the tidal flats of Kuwait Bay using Sentinel-2 data and GEE","authors":"Nawaf Almutairi, Jenan Bahzad","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12226-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12226-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tidal flats, unique coastal wetlands, offer vital ecological services such as pollutant removal, carbon storage, and shoreline stability. Kuwait Bay hosts the Arabian Gulf’s largest tidal flat ecosystem, which is crucial for biodiversity. Despite their importance, these tidal flats face threats from nature and human activities, leading to a widespread decline in their spatial extent. This study aims to map Kuwait Bay’s tidal flats with Sentinel-2 data and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Spectral index analysis revealed that the mNDWI is the most suitable index for representing the maximal water extent, whereas the NDVI is appropriate for determining the minimal water extent. The performance of each index is validated through confusion matrices, with overall accuracies ranging between 96 and 87% and <i>F</i>1 scores ranging between 0.87 and 0.93. The combination of the GEE platform with index analysis, image processing, and accuracy assessment techniques offers a precise mapping method at local and national scales in arid areas. The results revealed that Kuwait Bay’s tidal flats cover 157.2 km<sup>2</sup>, with 60% along the northern coast of Kuwait Bay and 40% in Sulibikhat Bay and Doha Bay. This study represents the first attempt to map tidal flats in the Arabian Gulf region and will assist in developing monitoring and protection strategies, tracking tidal flat evolution, and achieving sustainable development goals related to coastal and marine environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate change impact on Ethiopian alluvial groundwater","authors":"Tesema Kebede Seifu, Gera Techane","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12223-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12223-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alluvial aquifers are valuable geological assets, and their productivity is reliant on the prevailing weather patterns. The study is aimed at investigating the climatic impact on the alluvial aquifers in two separate regions of Ethiopia: the western catchment (Gambela) and the eastern catchment (Somali). The research locations are characterized by semi-arid conditions and are particularly vulnerable to climate change effects. These effects of climate change on groundwater resources were assessed using global climate models and land cover data for two time periods: the present (2011–2040) and the future (2041–2070). The research was conducted using actual crop evapotranspiration (AETc), effective precipitation, and the De Martone Aridity Index (DMI) by using the spatial–temporal method. The technique employs a deduction grid to merge the effective precipitation and DMI for evaluating the effect of climate on groundwater giving five classes of effects, from very low to very high. The results show that all AETc, effective precipitation, and DMI vary both spatially and temporally for the coming periods. These changes were more pronounced in the western catchment (WC) than in the eastern catchment (EC). The present period’s impacts are most noticeable in the western region (near Jikawo) of WC, as well as in the northern (Shinile and Aysha) and southern (Deghabur) parts of EC. High and very high climatic effect zones will increase spatial coverage in those regions. The impact of climate change estimation was supported by empirical analysis of the potential recharge. The future potential recharge is reduced in magnitude in both catchments. The climate susceptibility study is significant for the two regions in managing precious water resources, such as groundwater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Talha Mohamed Yousif, Olawale Kayode Aromolaran, Khalid Mustafa Kheiralla
{"title":"Lineaments and hydrothermal alteration mapping in the Arkawit area, NE Sudan: insights from remote sensing","authors":"Talha Mohamed Yousif, Olawale Kayode Aromolaran, Khalid Mustafa Kheiralla","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12222-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12222-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilizing remote sensing data is a common protocol in mineral exploration, particularly during the initial stages of identifying alteration zones and understanding the interrelationships between tectonic structures and mineral deposits. The primary objective of this research is to identify and optimize lineaments for the purpose of locating areas of hydrothermal alterations with regard to orogenic gold deposits in the Arkawit area of NE Sudan’s Haya terrain. Landsat-8 OLI, ASTER, and SRTM DEM data were employed. A suite of digital image processing techniques, including false color composites, band ratio, decorrelation stretching, and principal component analysis, was employed to extract useful information and derive insights from the datasets. Landsat-8 OLI effectively delineates the hydrothermal alteration zones, which are predominantly located in the central part of the study area. In addition, the ASTER data has revealed distinctive argillic, phyllic, and propylitic alteration characteristics. The integration of lineaments extracted from Landsat-8 OLI and SRTM DEM analyses culminated in the identification of three primary directions, namely, NE-SW, N-S, and E-W. Subsequently, the resulting alteration zones were classified into four categories based on their intensity: high, moderate, low, and very low. This study demonstrates that the density of lineaments within the study area is positively correlated with the intensity of the alteration zones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation cover change (VCC) in the Teesta basin: a geospatial and statistical modelling–based investigation of environmental and human factors","authors":"Debarshi Ghosh, Apurba Sarkar, Sanjoy Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12215-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12215-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an insightful analysis of vegetation cover change (VCC) within the Teesta Basin, utilizing various statistical models and geospatial techniques. The Ordinary Least Squares (OSL) regression model reveals a modest explanatory power with an adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.1398, indicating its ability to account for approximately 13.98% of the variance in the data. This model, however, hints at potential heteroscedasticity and non-normal distribution of errors. In contrast, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model, accounting for 84.556% of the variance, demonstrates a robust spatial heterogeneity in the relationships between the variables, offering a more nuanced understanding of the regional disparities. The study further incorporates a hot spot analysis using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, which exposes significant spatial clustering patterns in VCC, emphasizing the influence of both environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) model, with a substantial relative influence of 44.11% from ‘Population Proximity’, highlights the critical role of human-driven factors in vegetation dynamics. This model shows a moderate to strong correlation in predicting NDVI values. Analysis of seasonal trends reveals a cyclic pattern in NDVI values, indicating pronounced seasonal variations and negative trends in vegetation activity over time, particularly in the lower basin area. The Mann–Kendall time series analysis further confirms this declining vegetation trend. The study’s findings are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation cover in the Teesta Basin. They underscore the importance of considering both environmental and human-driven factors in conservation strategies, especially in protected forest regions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced weather extremes and climatic stresses in the last four decades and future predictions urging mangrove restoration and resilient agriculture in the Sundarban, India","authors":"Shanmugam Vijayakumar, Pratap Bhattacharyya, Soumya Ranjan Padhy, Pradeep Kumar Dash, Narayanan Manikandan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12211-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12211-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change–induced phenomena, including rising sea levels and extreme weather events like floods and drought, are significantly affecting the Sundarban mangrove ecosystems. This study investigates trends in nine temperature and eight precipitation extreme weather indices for the Indian-Sundarban region using daily historical weather data (1982–2017) and the RClimDex graphical interface. Future climate projections were generated using statistical downscaling of an ensemble mean from 19 general circulation models under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The results indicate significant change over the past four decades, including increased annual mean minimum temperatures, reduced cool nights, more warm nights, fewer cool days, and a decreased diurnal temperature range. Precipitation trends show a rise in heavy rainy days, along with longer consecutive dry and wet periods. Future projections reveal a consistent increase in annual rainfall under RCP 4.5 (0.3–3.8%) and RCP 8.5 (3.0–6.3%), alongside a gradual increase in mean temperatures under RCP 4.5 (up to 1.2 °C for minimum and 1.3 °C for maximum temperature) and sharper increases under RCP 8.5 (up to 2.9 °C for minimum and 3.0 °C for maximum temperatures). These trends highlight the escalating risks to Sundarban mangroves, which are critical for protecting the mainland from flooding, tidal waves, cyclones, and coastal erosion. Enhanced extreme events, such as increased flooding and droughts, underscore the urgent need for robust conservation measures, including mangrove restoration and climate-resilient agriculture. Linking adaptation and mitigation strategies with a strong policy framework is essential to safeguard the Sundarban ecosystem and its vital services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brigitte Momene Tuwa, Donald Hermann Fossi, Aubin Nzeugang Nzeukou, Sylvestre Ganno, Désire Tsozue
{"title":"Integrated analysis of landslide susceptibility: geotechnical insights, frequency ratio method, and hazard mitigation strategies in a volcanic terrain","authors":"Brigitte Momene Tuwa, Donald Hermann Fossi, Aubin Nzeugang Nzeukou, Sylvestre Ganno, Désire Tsozue","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12221-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12221-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates landslide susceptibility in the Baingo and Njinekejem areas with elevations ranging from 504 to 2863 m along the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) in Central Africa. In this work, multifaceted approaches integrating geotechnical characterization, remote sensing data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were used to create a comprehensive landslide susceptibility map. The research methodology combines multiple factors contributing to landslide susceptibility, including topography, geology, land use, and soil properties, which are analyzed and integrated into a frequency ratio (FR) model. Detailed geotechnical analysis was conducted on soil samples from three locations (Ba1, Ba2, and NJ) to understand the mechanical behaviour of volcanic soils under saturated conditions. The soil analysis revealed significant physical and mechanical properties, including high porosity (55–61%), substantial void indices (1.228–1.561), and over-consolidation ratios around 21, indicating compressible but non-swelling characteristics. Additional parameters examined included unit weight and Atterberg limits to provide comprehensive insights into soil behaviour. The model’s accuracy was validated using the area under curve (AUC) method, achieving a value of 0.84, which demonstrates strong predictive capability. The resulting landslide susceptibility map identifies areas with varying degrees of susceptibility, from very low to very high, enabling stakeholders to develop targeted risk mitigation strategies for the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grain size–dependent pollution levels in clastic sedimentary rocks, the example of the Eocene-aged sequence (NE Türkiye)","authors":"Çiğdem Saydam Eker","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12220-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12220-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study describes the role of grain size in controlling the pollution levels in clastic sedimentary rocks, by presenting results from the Eocene sequence in NE Türkiye. The mean concentrations of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) declined in order of Ni (179) > Zn (89.6) > Cu (62.5) > Cr (24.6) > As (15.9) > Pb (13.8) > Cd (0.21) > Hg (0.11) in the shale/marl and Ni (113) > Zn (48.2) > Cu (22.3) > Cr (21.7) > As (10.8) > Pb (7.4) > Hg (0.09) > Cd (< 0.1) the in sandstone. Among the PTEs, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Hg in the shale/marls, and Ni, As, and Hg in the sandstones were enriched to the upper continental crust. Based on the values of the enrichment factor shales/marls were “minor enrichment” to “very severe enrichment” with As and “moderate enrichment” to “moderately severe enrichment” with Ni, and the sandstones were “moderate enrichment” to “very severe enrichment” with As and “moderate enrichment to “moderately severe enrichment” with Ni, respectively. The potential ecological risk index indicated that the PTEs in the shale/marl samples have a moderate to considerable potential ecological risk and the sandstone samples pose a low to moderate potential ecological risk. In a shale sample, the hazard quotient<sub>ing</sub>, and hazard index values of As were found to be greater than 1 for children. The carcinogenic risk index<sub>ing</sub> values of As in the samples are higher than the acceptable level of risk for children. The multivariate statistical analysis summarized that PTE accumulation in the Eocene sedimentary sequence was related to anthropogenic, hydrothermal fluid, and lithological influence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of the Eastern Niger Rifts tectonostratigraphy and petroleum systems","authors":"Ismaila Mahamidou Alfazazi, Olawale Olakunle Osinowo, Moussa Harouna, Moussa Konaté","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12212-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12212-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review delves into the tectonic and stratigraphy evolution of the Eastern Niger Rifts and re-examines its petroleum systems. The region’s evolution includes rifting phases during the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. These rifting phases resulted in the formation of NW–SE and NNW-SSE trending fault systems and the deposition of K1, Donga, Yogou, Madama, Sokor-1, and Sorkor-2 Formations, as well as the set-up of the structural elements required for hydrocarbon accumulation. Two petroleum systems were identified in the East Niger Rift System. They include the Santonian-Campanian petroleum system and the Paleocene-Eocene one. Within the Termit Basin, the Santonian-Campanian petroleum system shows source rocks with excellent oil-generating potential and a maturity level corresponding to the peak of oil generation. The Paleocene-Eocene petroleum system shows source rocks with good potential and early mature within the oil window. The late Cretaceous petroleum system of the Tenere Basin demonstrates source rocks with fair to excellent potential and early mature. The grabens including Bilma, Kafra, and Grein Grabens within which oils were recently discovered are expected to contain good to excellent and mature source rocks, from Upper Cretaceous Formations (Donga and Yogou Formations) to Paleocene-Eocene (Sokor-1 Formation). The pay horizons of the Eastern Niger Rifts include Campanian interbedded sandstones of the Yogou Formation upper component and Eocene sand groups of Sokor-1 Formation with respectively fair to good and very good to excellent reservoir qualities. The Upper Cretaceous and Eocene interlayer shales trap locally the hydrocarbons within the area while the Oligocene shales of the Sokor-2 Formation serve as regional cap rock. The hydrocarbon migration pathways and accumulation within the area shed light on the region’s various exploration opportunities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}