Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of land cover change on soil organic carbon stock for detecting environmental degradation in Nigeria landscape","authors":"Anthony Tobore,&nbsp;Ugonna Nkwunonwo,&nbsp;Ganiyu Oyerinde,&nbsp;Babatunde Fagbohun,&nbsp;Olayinka Olaewe,&nbsp;Emmanuel Anoke,&nbsp;Faith Oyedokun","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12254-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12254-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of land cover change (LCC) is among the pressing environmental solutions for assessing location-specific information on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of LCC on SOC stocks in Ewekoro, Nigeria, using remote-sensing techniques. Thirty clustered soil samples (0–30 cm) analyzed for SOC and bulk density were subjected to the kriging method. LCC maps for the years 2004, 2014, and 2024 were generated using a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, incorporating spectral environmental indicators including the digital elevation model (DEM), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and salinity index (SI) from Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images. The study showed a significant increase (0.6%) in the barelands from 2004 (1.4%) to 2024 (36.9%), followed by a substantial increase in built-up areas. In contrast, vegetation cover declined drastically (26.1%), followed by wetlands (1.6%), and water bodies (1.4%). SOC stock values of the area ranged between 16.7 (low) and 77.2 (high) t ha⁻¹ with a mean of 32.8 t ha⁻¹. The findings from this study call for an urgent need to alert policymakers around population growth to step up adaptation and mitigation interventions to balance development and environmental preservation in this climate-vulnerable landscape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcareous nannofossil micropalaeontology of the Eocene–Oligocene offshore sedimentary sequence of the Mannar Basin, Sri Lanka: deciphering palaeoenvironmental dynamics of the equatorial margin of the Northern Indian Ocean","authors":"Nethmi Wickramarathna,&nbsp;Prasanna Lakshitha Dharmapriya,&nbsp;Nuwan Sanjaya Wanniarachchi,&nbsp;Babu Ram Gyawali,&nbsp;Chandramali Jayawardana,&nbsp;Sachini Nawarathne,&nbsp;Apsara Umayangani Wijenayake,&nbsp;Chaminda Kularathna","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12227-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12227-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) marks a pivotal shift from a global warm climate to the glaciated conditions observed in the Oligocene Era. Despite its significance, research on the palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic conditions during this transition in the equatorial margin of the Northern Indian Ocean around Sri Lanka remains limited. This study addresses this gap by reconstructing these conditions using calcareous nannoplankton assemblages from sediment cores collected in the Mannar Basin in the Indian Ocean. A total of 54 species spanning 17 genera and 7 families were identified, indicative of a diverse marine ecosystem during this period. The assemblages were distributed across NP23 to NP16 nannofossil zones, corresponding to the Bartonian to early Rupelian stages. Warm-water species such as <i>Coccolithus pelagicus</i> and <i>Umbilicosphaera bramlettei</i>, alongside cold-water species like <i>Reticulofenestra dictyoda</i>, suggest variations in sea surface temperatures and cooler water layers or upwelling zones. The rapid extinction of warm-water taxa and the absence of certain species during the Eocene–Oligocene Transition indicate a significant decrease in temperature. Notably, the decline in abundance of k-mode taxa such as Coccolithus, Discoaster and Ericsonia suggests a shift from warm and oligotrophic conditions to cooler and eutrophic environments. Key index nannofossils, including <i>Coccolithus formosus</i> and <i>Discoaster deflandrei</i>, indicate relatively high sea surface temperatures and oligotrophic environments. These findings shed light on the transition from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene period and provide valuable insights into past climatic and environmental dynamics in the Indian Ocean.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of climatic parameters in machine learning algorithms for streamflow predicting in Hamoon Helmand Catchment, Iran","authors":"Shabnam Vakili,&nbsp;Seyyed Morteza Mousavi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12243-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12243-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> The objective of this study is to identify the effective input parameters for estimating streamflow using an M5 model tree and Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and to propose a dependable model. These methods were chosen for their ability to model complex relationships, high prediction accuracy, and efficient input optimization capabilities. The study utilized monthly data of rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and streamflow for the latest month (Q_t-1) and the preceding 2 months (Q_t-2) in the Hamoon Helmand catchment. Five scenarios were employed in M5 and the linear and nonlinear models of GA and LSTM. The models’ performance was assessed using statistical parameters such as RMSE, MAE, R, and NSE. In the initial scenario where all five parameters were considered, M5, the linear and nonlinear GA models and LSTM produced the most accurate results, with RMSE values of 9.27, 6.87, 5.54, and 5.55, respectively. The second scenario (rainfall; maximum, minimum, and average temperatures; Q_t-1 (discharge for 1 month before) and evaporation) revealed that the linear and nonlinear GA models, with RMSE values of 7.21 and 6.55, respectively, were more accurate than M5 and LSTM with an RMSE value of 8.58 and 6.78, respectively. In Scenarios 3 (rainfall; average temperatures; evaporation; and Q_t-1, Q_t-2 (discharge for 1, 2 months before)) and 4 (rainfall; average temperatures; Q_t-1, Q_t-2 (discharge for 1, 2 months before)), LSTM demonstrated superior performance. The results obtained from Scenario 5 (rainfall; maximum, minimum, and average temperatures and evaporation) indicate that in the absence of sufficient runoff data in a basin, there is no necessity to employ a nonlinear model; instead, modeling with an M5 model tree yields sufficiently accurate results. This research demonstrates the global significance of optimizing water resource management models in arid and climate-sensitive regions and contributes to the resilience and sustainability of resources in the face of climate change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143801171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability of soil properties using geostatistical approach: a case study in alluvial soils of Samastipur district of Bihar, India","authors":"Nidhi,&nbsp;Mohit Katiyar,&nbsp;Ranjan Laik","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12250-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12250-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a developing country like India, the research on precision agriculture is concentrated on precision nutrient management. However, in intensive agriculture, crop production is hugely affected by micronutrient deficiency. In the intensively cultivated regions of India, the spatial variability of key micronutrients has not been adequately captured, and there is a dearth of such information. Since the availability of micronutrients is directly connected to plant uptake, it is. crucial to develop an understanding of the variations of soil micronutrients across the fields of any region to establish management zones. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the spatial variability of major soil fertility parameters, namely, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), soil available zinc (Zn), and soil available copper (Cu) in Samastipur district of Bihar, India. The spatial variability of micronutrient availability is expected to be high in the district due to small farms and varied management. The coefficient of variation value was highest for EC (77.7%) and lowest for soil pH (6.3%). The use of geostatistical analyses has been made to determine the spatial variation structure of all the parameters, followed by the generation of surface maps through kriging. The nugget/sill ratio obtained from the experimental semivariogram indicated a moderate degree of spatial dependence (25–75%) for all the studied soil fertility parameters. The maps developed by kriging were observed to be superior to assuming the mean of the observed value for any unsampled location. These maps may help farmers to adopt need-based variable rates of fertilizer application, thus optimizing resource utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and studies of advanced adsorbent zeolites by using red mud and rice husk ash as a thermal insulation agent","authors":"Kamna Chaturvedi,&nbsp;Manish Dhangar,&nbsp;Medha Mili,&nbsp;Avanish Kumar Srivastava,&nbsp;Sarika Verma","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12241-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12241-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advanced zeolite-based adsorbent for thermal insulating material is synthesized by using red mud and rice husk ash for sustainable waste management and energy-efficient building solutions. The process involves alkaline integration accompanied by a method with a step change in temperature. The synthesized zeolites were characterized by using all the standard techniques along with (thermal conductivity. The X-ray Diffraction analysis revealed key phases including gonnardite, jadeite, and albite, confirming the formation of zeolite structures that contribute to the material’s thermal insulating properties. The more porous nature of the material also confirms its properties as a thermally insulating material by microstructure analysis. The Infrared spectra also confirm the stretching and bending frequencies of the prepared material. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis confirms the pore size distribution which shows that the developed sample is highly porous. The results show a value of average pore volume of 0.019 cc/g, a pore width of 4.903 nm, a surface area of 10.564 m²/g, and BET area of 9.842 m²/g. The thermal conductivity of SET 3 is as low as 0.16 W/mK and proves that it is a thermal insulator. The synthesis of zeolites from industrial waste not only provides an environmentally friendly solution and responsible waste management but also meets the increasing demand for thermal insulating materials. The findings emphasize the dual role of red mud and rice husk ash in the production of zeolite-based thermal insulating materials with potential adsorption properties, contributing to sustainable waste management and energy-efficient building solutions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance and paleoenvironment of the Albian-Lower Turonian detrital deposits in the northern part of the Coastal Douala sub-basin (Cameroon)","authors":"Christel Sobdjou-Kemteu,&nbsp;René Toyama,&nbsp;Milan Stafford Tchouatcha,&nbsp;Usman Abubakar,&nbsp;Soureiyatou Fadil-Djenabou,&nbsp;Abakar Mahamat,&nbsp;Elvis Duplex Kenne Kalguem,&nbsp;Gabriel Ngueutchoua,&nbsp;Simon Ngos III","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12228-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12228-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Douala sub-basin is a coastal basin located in the heart of the Guinea Gulf. The study area is located in the North part of this basin, and the study deposits are detrital of Albian-Cenomanian to Lower Turonian age. The geochemical data reveal that the studied sediments from both sides of the Mungo River consist mainly of Shales associated with Wacke, rare arkoses and sub-arkoses originated mainly from intermediate rocks composition according to the SiO₂ vs. Al₂O₃/TiO₂ plot, high LREE/HREE ratios (11.25 to 38.48) and slight positive or no to positive Eu anomalies (0.99 to 1.36). The CIA (Chemical Index of Alteration) and ICV (Index of Compositional Variability) values ranging respectively from 67.00 to 83.42 and from 0.37 to 1.12 suggest that these sediments are globally mature and were mainly deposited in a fluvio-deltaic to shallow marine or marginal environments as indicate the sequential analysis, associated with palynological content, with continental (e.g., <i>Ephedripites</i> sp. and <i>Integritetradites</i> sp,) and marine (e.g., microforaminiferal test lining) species. The tectonic setting diagram suggests collision tectonic events that are inconsistent with the classic geological history of the Atlantic Basin margin, but consistent with the geological history of the basement. The deposits from the both sides of the Mungo River are separated each other’s during the evolution of the South Atlantic at the Cenozoic period by the Precambrian fault reactivations. The geological history of the Douala sub-basin is similar to those of Nigerian and Brazilian East costal basins, with marine transgression on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean and the sediment lithology is related to the source rock lithology varying along the coastal areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and diuron (urea pesticide) in the sediments of Prydz Bay, East Antarctica","authors":"Princy Mundackal John,&nbsp;Vellorkirakathil Narayana Sanjeevan,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Narayanapillai,&nbsp;Anu Gopinath","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12247-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12247-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study provides crucial insights into the extent and impact of human activity on Antarctic ecosystems by shedding light on previously unexplored contamination patterns in one of the earth’s most pristine environments. In modern periods, several pesticides have been developed worldwide, applied, and released into the environment. As a result, information regarding occurrence patterns and spatial variability is limited to easily accessible regions, and only a finite number of research have been published from the remote Antarctic region. Seven surface sediments were collected from Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, by which four organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were detected along with the presence of a herbicide diuron. The concentration of diuron (range BDL-16.57 ng/g) is several times higher than other OCPs. In the case of OCPs, the highest concentrations were for p,p′ DDD (BDL-0.42 ng/g), followed by dichloran (BDL-0.17 ng/g), BHC β (BDL-0.09 ng/g), and then HCB (BDL-0.02 ng/g).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of fault planes and seismic hazard distribution maps using GIS-based 3D modeling algorithms for a seismic risk mitigation study in Egypt","authors":"Ibrahim Djamaluddin,&nbsp;Poppy Indrayani,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Meneisy","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12252-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12252-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although Egypt is generally considered an area of low to medium seismicity, it has experienced recurring destructive earthquakes throughout its history. The distribution of damage is significantly influenced by fault geometry and local site effects. Consequently, assessing seismic hazards has become a major challenge in effectively mitigating seismic risk. This study aims to develop a geographic information system (GIS)-based three-dimensional (3D) modeling framework to enhance seismic hazard assessments in Egypt, a region of low to medium seismicity that has historically faced destructive earthquakes. The research focuses on integrating fault-specific parameters, geological data, and local site effects into deterministic seismic hazard models. Using 3D fault modeling algorithms, fault plane geometries are generated based on fault traces, geological features, and topography. To account for local site effects, a 3D grid-mesh system models ground motion velocity amplification, incorporating average shear-wave velocity and a soil susceptibility map. The developed methodology is then applied to simulate seismic hazard maps for the October 12, 1992, Dahshour earthquake; the October 11, 1999, Beni Suef earthquake; and a scenario analysis for a maximum expected magnitude 6.5 Dahshour earthquake. Validation of the 1992 Dahshour earthquake simulation against observed isoseismal maps and damage evidence demonstrates the model’s reliability in reproducing high-intensity zones (MMI = VII–VIII). The scenario-based analysis highlights high-risk areas vulnerable to liquefaction and significant ground motion amplification, underscoring the critical need for updated building codes and disaster mitigation strategies. Despite data limitations, the GIS-based 3D modeling framework serves as a robust tool for detailed seismic hazard assessments, helping local governments and planners identify high-risk zones, prioritize mitigation efforts, and enhance disaster preparedness in Egypt and similar regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143740799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the effect of stress and water content on resilient modulus of unsaturated subgrade soil: implications for pavement design","authors":"Mulugeta Damtew Amare,&nbsp;Tompai Zoltan,&nbsp;Lemlem Abebaw Asaye,&nbsp;Yasir Mahmood","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12246-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12246-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Subgrade soils possess essential mechanical properties that influence the load-bearing capacity and deformation behavior of pavements. This directly impacts pavement structural performance and longevity. This paper presents the experimental results on determining the factors affecting the resilient modulus (Mr) of a subgrade soil as determined by the triaxial loading machine. A silty sand subgrade soil, tested in its unsaturated form to represent site conditions, was subjected to characterization and cyclic loading tests. The variables considered for this research are deviatoric and constant stress, confining stress, and water content. The Mr is highly dependent on the deviatoric stress, confining pressure, and water content. The shear stress test result at the end of each cyclic loading shows that the soils at the optimum water content level show better shear resistance and elastic deformation below certain stress levels. In contrast, soils in the other moisture levels show complete plastic deformation. Moreover, while confining stress enhances Mr, deviatoric stress reduces it.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-025-12246-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical and petrological characterization of listwaenite from Oman and Iran ophiolites: implications for hydrothermal carbonation and silicification alteration processes","authors":"Sobhi Nasir,&nbsp;Kamal Noori Khankahdani,&nbsp;Abdel Rahman Nasir","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12244-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12244-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Listwaenites (carbonated/silicified ultramafic rocks) are widely spread in the Semail Ophiolite of Oman, mainly in Fanja rea and in Islam Abad area of the Neyriz Ophiolite of Iran. Listwaenite is gaining worldwide interest due to their possible economic value as gold bearing rocks and assessing the global carbon sequestration and flux. This work presents new petrographic and geochemical data of listwaenite from Fanja and Islam Abad area and estimates the physical and chemical conditions of their formation. Three types of listwaenite are known to occur within ophiolites worldwide, and these include silica-, carbonate-, and silica-carbonate. Typical minerals which are usually known to occur in these listwaenite include dolomite, ankerite, calcite, magnesite, quartz, iron oxides, relict chromite grains ± talc and serpentine. Calcite- and magnesite-dolomite listwaenite is more abundant in the Fanja area, while dolomite listwaenite is more abundant in Islam Abad area. The major element chemistry of the different types of listwaenite in both Fanja and Islam Abad area is largely similar to that of altered ultramafic rocks and listwaenites from other ophiolites occurrences. In comparison to the primary mantle and chondrite spider diagrams, the Islam Abad listwaenite shows higher trace and REE elements abundance than those from the Fanja area. The variable and high abundances of Ca, Mg, Ba, Zr, Sr, Pb, Zn, Mo, and W in the carbonate- and silica-carbonate listwaenite indicate a hydrothermal source from the sedimentary and metamorphic units of the Arabian Platform underlaying the listwaenite. Depletion and enrichment of major and trace elements in the listwaenite are indicative of large fluctuations in major and trace element mobility, where listwaenite preserves different stages of gradual alteration of their ultramafic protoliths. The listwaenite content of CaO, SiO₂, and MgO depends on the stage of listwaenite formation, in which carbonate listwaenite is formed in the first stage, progressing to silica-carbonate listwaenite in the final stage. The listwaenite in Islam Abad and Fanja area was altered to different stages by hydrothermal alteration of serpentinite and harzburgite along Late Cretaceous thrust and Paleocene-Miocene extensional faults and shear zones, which acted as pathway for trace elements and Ca and/or Si rich fluids at different times probably during subduction and/or post obduction stages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}