Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Relative performance comparisons of alternative central tendency indicators for experimentally determined Leeb hardness data of drill core rock samples: implications for uniaxial compressive strength estimation","authors":"Rasim Mete Goktan,&nbsp;Nurdan Gunes","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12474-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12474-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to make performance comparisons of several Leeb hardness (LH) central tendency indicators with regard to their uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) prediction accuracies. Within the scope of the study, laboratory Leeb hardness tests (LHT) and UCS tests were performed on 24 drill core rock samples with different lithological origins and hardness ranges. The traditional arithmetic mean, median, 10% symmetric trimmed mean, 20% asymmetric trimmed median, interquartile range (IQR)-based median, and median absolute deviation (MADe)-based median were considered as the central tendency indicators. Their performance comparisons were made based on the normality and statistical distribution properties of the examined LH data sets. According to the results of the statistical analyzes, no significant differences among the derived UCS prediction models were found for normally distributed LH data (Shapiro-Wilk p-value &gt; 0.05 and/or skewness &lt; ± 1.0). However, for non-normality distributed LH data (Shapiro-Wilk p<i>-</i>value &lt; 0.05 and/or skewness &gt; ± 1.0), the central tendency indicators that are based on the interquartile range (IQR), median absolute deviation (MAD_e), and 20% asymmetric trimmed median outperformed the other central tendency parameters in terms of UCS prediction accuracy. These results suggest that, before adopting a particular central tendency indicator for LHT data evaluations, particular attention should be paid to the statistical distribution characteristics of the data set. In this context, the researchers and project engineers are encouraged to use robust test statistics for evaluating LH data due to their satisfactory performance under both normal and non-normal conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crown pillar design and stability at al Masane mine: Ensuring safety and excellence in Saudi Arabia’s mining industry","authors":"Daniel Mabeti","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12445-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12445-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Designing and evaluating crown pillars are essential for safety, efficiency, and productivity in mining. Successfully integrating the crown pillar into the Wadi Saadah section is an important step that supports the mine’s success. This area is crucial because water can sometimes collect and seep into the rock, which improves the stability of the rocks below. To develop a stable and safe crown pillar, we must employ a combination of analytical, numerical, and empirical design methods. This approach enhances the reliability and performance of the crown pillar while ensuring its long-term safety. When checking the stability of a crown pillar, we should consider several key factors: the thickness and length of the ore body, the surrounding rock’s density, the ore body’s dip angle, the rock’s inherent strength, Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, the friction angle, cohesion, and the existing in-situ stresses. Examining these factors helps us understand how to balance support provided by the crown pillar throughout the mine’s operational life. To ensure the mine’s safety and longevity, we should apply a safety factor of greater than 1.5 in the design concept. Moreover, numerical modeling has helped identify potential failure zones in the walls and roofs of excavated areas, leading to stronger, more reliable mining operations. An essential aspect of geotechnical considerations is the use of field measurements to validate and calibrate models. Numerical modeling results have been compared with field measurements, confirming that the convergence pins installed in the pillars result in minimal displacement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrographic and geomechanical evaluation of nikanai ghar formation (KPK) and kuldana formation (Punjab) rocks: A comparative study for their suitability as building materials in Pakistan","authors":"Hassan Ayaz,&nbsp;Jiancong Xu,&nbsp;Sohail Ahmad,&nbsp;Muhammad Usama Aslam","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12482-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12482-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbonate rocks are widely used as construction materials, but their suitability for structural and infrastructure applications depends on their petrographic and geotechnical characteristics. This study evaluates whether Limestones from local Pakistani formations can be reliably used in civil and building engineering works, including heavy structural applications. The investigation (i) characterizes the geological and engineering properties of the sampled Limestones, (ii) quantifies correlations between petrographic features and mechanical performance, and (iii) evaluates their applicability in load-bearing and large-scale construction. Petrographic analysis was carried out using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), supported by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Engineering properties were determined in accordance with relevant European and Polish standards and guidelines, and statistical and design calculations were performed using dedicated software. Physical and mechanical parameters including unconfined compressive strength, unconfined tensile strength, water absorption, specific gravity Schmidt Hammer, point load, shear strength was analyzed to evaluate their interdependence. Strong functional relationships were observed, particularly between water absorption and specific gravity. This study supports the sustainable use of locally available Limestone resources in Pakistan and provides guidance for material selection in pavements, foundations, and other structural applications. These findings have direct economic implications for building and infrastructure design and promote more efficient and rational use of regional rock resources in the construction industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What can the NW Syntaxis and western lateral margin tell us about IND-EUR convergence history?","authors":"Zeshan Ismat","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12440-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12440-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The tectonic history of IND-EUR convergence is re-examined in the context of the deformation preserved within the NW syntaxis and adjoining western lateral margin. A revised global paleoreconstruction is presented, beginning ~ 150 Ma, with a focus on the IND plate. This data is compared to IND plate convergence rates and global plate patterns. Seismic tomographic images are used track slab behavior beneath the NW Syntaxis and western lateral margin. Marginal India comprises much of the western lateral margin and extends from the Makran subduction zone through the NW Syntaxis. Based on this data and analyses, I propose the following. (1) Three subduction zones operated in the NeoTethys from ~ 87 to 50 Ma. (2) Marginal India is composed of four terranes and its accretion history records critical details of IND-EUR convergence. (3) Marginal India is bent in plan-view due to simultaneous northward subduction beneath the Hindu Kush along the Herat fault and westward subduction beneath the Helmand block of Afghanistan along the Chaman fault. This multidirectional subduction of Marginal India has led to slab tearing along the outer corner of the slab, potentially influencing mantle flow and earthquake patterns.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-026-12440-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Assessing the efficacy of the post-stack processing in enhancing the quality of seismic data covering the Heba Oil Field, Abu Gharadig Basin, Egypt","authors":"Hatem Farouk Ewida,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdelfattah Sarhan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12495-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12495-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147642631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluvial depositional systems of the Pliocene Tipam Sandstone Formation in the Eastern Fold Belt of the Bengal Basin (Bangladesh): Insights from lithofacies analysis","authors":"Abu Sadat Md. Sayem","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12483-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12483-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Pliocene Tipam Sandstone Formation in the Eastern Fold Belt (EFB) of the Bengal Basin, provides critical insights into fluvial depositional systems within an active foreland basin setting. This study provides a detailed analysis of lithofacies to reconstruct depositional environment and tectonic controls on sedimentation. Nine lithofacies were identified, and grouped into three facies associations: (1) fluvial channel sand bodies (FA 1), dominated by large-scale trough (St) and planar cross-bedding (Sp), indicative of braided river systems; (2) channel fill deposits (FA 2), characterized by ripple cross-lamination (Sr) and laminated fine sandy-silty mud (Fl), reflecting waning flow conditions and channel abandonment; and (3) floodplain deposits (FA 3), consisting of laminated sandy-silty mud (Fl) and massive mudstone (Fm) with desiccation cracks, suggesting overbank deposition with intermittent drying phases associated with a monsoon-controlled climatic regime. The predominance of high-energy fluvial facies, coupled with coarse lag deposits and erosional bases, points to a proximal sediment source and rapid subsidence associated with the uplift of the Himalayas and the IBR. The absence of deltaic influences indicates a fully terrestrial depositional environment during the Pliocene, marking a significant shift from the earlier Miocene shallow marine-deltaic conditions. These findings underscore the role of tectonics in shaping fluvial depositional systems in the Bengal Basin and contribute to a broader understanding of foreland basin evolution in collisional settings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical trend analysis and projection of precipitation by CMIP6 models across the Zagros Mountains of Iran","authors":"Matin Alinejad,&nbsp;Amit G. Dhorde,&nbsp;Ehsan Taghizadeh,&nbsp;Tanmay S. Jadhav,&nbsp;Sadegh Zeyaeyan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12486-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12486-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the impacts of climate change on precipitation patterns in Iran is critical, given its predominantly arid and semi-arid geography. This study assesses the variability of seasonal and annual precipitation across the Zagros Mountains, which span approximately 1,500 km across Iran. To achieve this, historical precipitation data from 269 reliable meteorological and rain gauge stations, covering the period 1950 to 2015, were analysed. Trends in precipitation series were identified using linear regression, with their significance assessed through t-test. To validate these results, additional non-parametric and correlation-based methods were applied, including the Mann–Kendall test (MK), Spearman’s rank correlation, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The Sequential Mann–Kendall test (SQ-MK) was also utilized to detect change points within the time series. To project future precipitation trends from 1981 to 2100, three models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)—GFDL-ESM4.1, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, and MRI-ESM2-0—were employed under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. This analysis provides a more detailed assessment of precipitation variability compared to prior research works across the Zagros Mountains. Most stations revealed statistically insignificant trends in historical precipitation at the 95% confidence level. Among the 269 stations with significant trends, 35 stations (13%) showed positive trends in summer, although the magnitude of the increase was relatively small. Whereas winter, spring, and annual series generally showed negative trends at 33 (12.3%), 27 (10%), and 23 (8.6%) sites, respectively. The most significant shifts in precipitation patterns were identified over the past two decades. Across most models and scenarios, projections indicate a general decline in precipitation, with winter experiencing the most significant reduction.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing sustainable environmental flow management for the Narmada River","authors":"Rewa Bochare,&nbsp;Vikas Patel,&nbsp;Rajkumar Patel","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12492-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12492-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental flows are vital for maintaining riverine ecosystems in regulated, monsoon-driven basins such as the Narmada. This study estimated environmental flows at the Mortakka reach using three hydrological approaches—Annual Distribution Method, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Method, and Dynamic Method—applied to discharge data from 2001 to 2024. The Annual Distribution Method preserved seasonal variability, generating high monsoon e-flows exceeding 1,500–2,500 m³/s and low dry-season values below 100 m³/s. The FDC Method effectively identified critical low-flow thresholds, while the Dynamic Method (30% of monthly mean flow) frequently produced ecologically inadequate estimates during February–April. Comparative evaluation showed that combining Annual Distribution and FDC approaches provides more reliable and context-sensitive e-flow recommendations for regulated Indian rivers, supporting operational water management under strong seasonal and inter-annual variability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of stratigraphic architecture on static connectivity and reservoir performance in a turbidite channel-to-overbank system","authors":"Bayonle A. Omoniyi,&nbsp;Dorrik A. V. Stow","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12469-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12469-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores a quantitative method to estimate reservoir-body connectivity between turbidite channel complex and slope system, and describes its impact together with stratigraphic architecture, internal geometry, and other geological attributes on oil recovery and waterflood performance. Cores from two wells provide facies logs that guide correlation of wireline logs to create three channel architecture scenarios and input for object facies modelling spanning 16/07a-B1 to 16/07a-B14. Model grid comprises 43 cells and 46 cells in the horizontal directions and 100 cells in the vertical direction. Each cell is 20.0 ft (6.1 m) along horizontal directions and 6.1 ft (1.9 m) along depth. Net-to-gross, porosity, and permeability were simulated using Sequential Gaussian Simulation. Displacement strategy involves injecting water in 16/07a-B14 and producing oil from 16/07a-B1 at equal rate of 20,000 BBL/D for 5 years. Findings reveal that lack of overbank sand bodies in <i>single-storey</i> turbidite channel architecture reduces overall connectivity despite high net-to-gross channel fills. High vertical connectivity in slope system encourages prolonged smooth oil displacement, sustaining oil production rates over extended period of time to make this architecture most desirable for development. <i>Multi-storey</i> and <i>multi-lateral</i> turbidite channel architectures suffer from early fingering of waterflood fronts, prompting injected water to preferentially sweep laterally continuous sand-rich levees and high net-to-gross channel fills while bypassing slope and margin deposits because of large permeability contrast between them. Thus, oil displacement strategy in these reservoirs must effectively control water production to slow decline in oil production rates and produce more oil in the long term. </p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature and origin of the metamorphogenic as Sīfah goethite orebody (NE Oman)","authors":"Bernhard Pracejus,&nbsp;Saif Al-Farsi,&nbsp;Badar Al-Haji,&nbsp;Norhamizah Ishak,&nbsp;Nina Kamis,&nbsp;Abdullah Al-Mufargi,&nbsp;Amjid Al-Salmi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12421-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12421-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Field observations from an unusual goethite orebody in northern Oman suggested that the metasedimentary host rocks were not linked to the origin of this orebody, prompting further research. Ore and surrounding carbonaceous schists were sampled along two short profiles perpendicular to the orebody (12 samples), 14 random ore samples were extracted as supplements. All materials were examined by transmitted and reflected light microscopy for their minerals and textures, semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction for the mineralogical setup, and X-ray fluorescence for their chemical compositions. The almost monomineralic nature of the ore and its appearance do not conform well to other iron deposits world-wide. Although set in a retrograde metamorphic stratigraphy, corresponding minerals are missing. However, there is ample evidence for a replacement-style ore. Field surveys and petrographic analysis show that the schists were selectively replaced along particular layers, in which calcite and most silicates were destroyed (except muscovite). The ore-forming fluids appear to have been acidic, saline, (sub-)oxic, low PT, and Fe-dominant. Chromium accumulation in the ore points to nearby mafic sills/dikes and eclogite as source rocks. This metamorphogenic goethite body likely derived from the retrograde dehydration of these rocks during exhumation. Consecutive fluid infiltration and interaction with the host rocks then precipitated the ore.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147631661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}