Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Impact of climate change on drought in the Wadi Lakhdar watershed, North Algeria","authors":"Amine Diaf,&nbsp;Fayçal Djellouli,&nbsp;Abderrahmane Nekkache Ghenim","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12112-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12112-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Algeria, one of the most alarming effects of climate change is drought. These periods of low rainfall have significant social and environmental implications, prompting investigations into management strategies, associated risks, and resulting crises. This study focuses on the Wadi Lakhdar watershed, a semi-arid region in northwestern Algeria, aiming to demonstrate the historical presence of drought and its impact on the environment and agriculture. To quantify long-term meteorological droughts and identify wet and dry periods from 1999 to 2021, we will utilize three drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-12 months), the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI-12 months), and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI-12 months). These indices are currently valuable tools for implementing various countermeasures, including drought early warning systems, monitoring, and contingency planning. Our analysis employing SPI, SPEI, and PDSI data will reveal distinct value ranges for wet years (1.01 to 2 for SPI, 0.64 to 1.28 for SPEI, and 1.35 to 2.68 for PDSI) and extremely dry years (− 1.07 to − 2.1 for SPI, − 0.68 to − 1.34 for SPEI, and − 1.43 to − 2.81 for PDSI). The wettest years were 2009, 2010, and 2013, while the driest years occurred in 2000, 2005, 2006, and 2007. Understanding drought characteristics is crucial for effective drought management. Drought indices provide a practical way to convert vast amounts of data into quantitative information for applications such as drought forecasting, communication of drought severity levels, and raising public awareness about the potential consequences of drought. This study’s social benefit lies in raising public awareness of these implications and anticipated consequences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Effects of size and strain rate on the mechanical behaviors of rock specimens under uniaxial compression","authors":"Qingbin Meng,&nbsp;Mingwei Zhang,&nbsp;Lijun Han,&nbsp;Hai Pu,&nbsp;Hao Li","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12099-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12099-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of pervasive dolomitization on the geochemical records of Cambrian series-3 evaporative carbonates in Bachu Uplift, China","authors":"Ngong Roger Ngia,&nbsp;Mingyi Hu,&nbsp;Quansheng Cai","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12095-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12095-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of pervasive dolomitization on geochemical records and the mechanism of formation of Cambrian series-3 evaporite-bearing dolomites in the Bachu Uplift are assessed from petrography, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion. Near-surface diagenetic dolomites (dolomicrite (DM), microbial (algal) dolomite (MD)) and shallow-deep diagenetic dolomites (fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite (FM) and medium- to coarse-crystalline dolomite (MC)) were identified. Secondary fracture and pore-filling cements (dolomite (CD), early-stage calcite (ESC)<i>,</i> later-stage calcite (LSC), gypsum/anhydrite, and authigenic quartz were identified. Weak relationships exist between δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, and Mg/Ca versus Mn/Sr ratios, which are tools used to evaluate the impact of the diagenetic environment on C-O-Sr isotope composition of the carbonates. The replacement dolomites (MD, FM, MC) and DC with high Mg/Ca ratios (0.61–1.23) have low depleted δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C values, compared to the ESC and LSC with more depleted δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C values, indicating that the C-O-Sr isotope composition suffered diagenetic alteration by higher-temperature and equilibrium isotopic fractionation. The decreasing trend of halogens/(Ca + Mg) ratios in DM and MD compared to the increasing trend in these ratios in FM, MC, and CD confirms that dolomitization had substantial effects on halogens/(Ca + Mg) ratios of dolomites formed in sabkha and evaporative-lagoon environment due to the mixing of dolomitization fluids with halite derived from seawater and halogen-enriched saline fluids during fluid-rock interaction. The DM and MD mechanisms of formation were respectively seepage-reflux penecontemporaneous dolomitization and microbial dolomitization of the underlying carbonate sediments and organic substrates at near-surface diagenetic burial settings in ancient sabkha environment. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C values, and δ¹⁸O VSMOW values revealed that the FM and MC were formed during shallow-deep burial dolomitization from radiogenic-strontium, and Mg-enhanced saline dolomitization fluids at relatively high-temperatures. The growth of dolomite cement in fractures was the result of higher-temperature ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Mg-enhanced saline basinal fluids squeezed upward and laterally along fractures and other permeable horizons by geothermal squeegee-fluid flows dolomitization mechanism from deep to shallow burial settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site characterization using active and passive surface wave analysis: a case study for some representative sites in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Biruk Wolde,&nbsp;Atalay Ayele,&nbsp;Turfat Hailmariam,&nbsp;Zemenu Geremew","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12100-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12100-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The subsurface condition of Addis Ababa City is heterogeneous and distinctly varies from place to place, ranging from very soft soil formation to competent rock mass units. This study characterized subsurface variations and estimated site-specific average shear wave velocity changes within the upmost 30 m (Vs30) geological medium at representative sites. We implemented combined active-source Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and passive-source Microtremor Array Measurements (MAM) surface wave methods to effectively characterize and estimate the shear wave velocity (Vs) of shallow and deep subsurface materials at nine selected sites in the city. The Vs30 of geological profile at the selected sites was attained by joint dispersion inversion analysis of active and passive surface wave data. The result shows that the Vs30 calculated at the selected sites in the city ranges from 256 to 1787 m/s. The study results were used for site classification of near-surface geological materials according to the Vs30 classification guideline proposed by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NERHP) and Eurocode-8 (EC-8) classification. Based on Vs30 results, the near-surface materials at the representative sites of the study area are categorized as site types C and D as per NEHRP and as site types B and C as per EC-8. Exceptionally, the rocky Arat Killo site is classified as a site type A in accordance with both NEHRP and EC-8. In addition, we validated acquired shear wave velocity profiles with local geological and engineering geological mapping and geotechnical boreholes proximate to measured sites to control the final inversion quality of Vs values to the corresponding layers. Since this study is the first in Addis Ababa City, the findings will be used for preliminary local site characterization and site specific seismic response analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospect evaluation of the Paleogene Sokor-1 reservoirs in Fana Field, Termit Basin (Niger Republic) using geophysical well logs and sedimentological data","authors":"Abass Yacoubou Issaka,&nbsp;Olugbenga A. Ehinola,&nbsp;Oladotun Oluwajana,&nbsp;Jerome Asedegbega","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12102-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12102-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study evaluated the Paleogene Sokor-1 clastic reservoirs in the Fana Field on the Agadem Block, Termit Basin, Niger Republic. The evaluation of the hydrocarbon prospect of the Field, which involved petrophysical analysis of six wells namely Fana_2, Fana E_1, Fana N_2, Fana W_1, Fana S_1, Fana SW_1, and sidewall core sample description of Fana_2 well. The petrophysical interpretation of the well-log data was carried out using Interactive Petrophysics software. The petrophysical properties of the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs were rated to be suitable reservoirs with average effective porosities varying from 25.8 to 31.6%, permeability varying from 123.6 to 427.7 mD, average water saturation values ranging from 15.2 to 33.0%, and the average range of hydrocarbon saturation is 67.0 to 84.8%. The values of volume of shale (V_sh) of the identified reservoirs indicated that the reservoirs are generally shaly to a high shale/clayey content. The dia-porosity and M-N cross plots revealed that the reservoirs of the Sokor-1 Formation are predominantly sandstone with shale/clay intercalations. The shale structural behaviour of the reservoirs revealed that the dominant shale was mainly dispersed and laminated shale volumes that could impact on the reservoir qualities. The spatial variations of petrophysical parameters indicated that lower ^N/_G values favour the northeast and southern part of the map while the south area has a higher average effective porosity value. This study identified the southern part of the Fana Field as the most prospective and should be considered for the future exploration and development of the Fana field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain size and sediment load control on channel migration patterns of the Ghaghara river from Faizabad to Deoria, Ganga plain, India","authors":"Pawan Kumar Gautam,&nbsp;Dhruv Sen Singh,&nbsp;Dhirendra Kumar,&nbsp;Anoop Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12104-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12104-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This present study investigates grain size, sediment dynamics and lateral erosion processes along the Ghaghara River from Faizabad to Deoria, Ganga Plain, India. The grain size analysis reflects that surface sediments have silt (24.50%) and very coarse silty-sand (75.50%) composition. The mean grain size varies from 2.20 to 4.21 ϕ indicating fine sand to very coarse silt. The Skewness, which varies from 0.01 to 0.48 ϕ, indicates the dominance of fine-grain sediments. The kurtosis varying from 0.66 to 1.38 ϕ explains the dominance of finer sediments. The standard deviation varies from 0.78 to 1.36 ϕ, thus indicating poorly sorted to moderately sorted and fluctuation in energy of the depositional environment. These river valley deposits (sand and very coarse-grained silt) reflect a depositional environment under fluctuating energy conditions. This river is characterized by the variable discharge frequency and high sediment load. The lateral erosion has been monitored during field work near Sita Rampur (Faizabad), Kamhariya (Ambedkar Nagar), Gola Bazar, and Barhalganj (Gorakhpur). The river migration observed on the left valley side (NNE) is 6144, 4838, 6475, and 4755 m and on the right valley side (SSW) 7021, 4555, 4718, and 4257 m between 1975–1990, 1975–2000, 1975–2010, and 1975–2020, respectively. In addition, the presence of sandy and silty facies and sediment load in the river valley deposits enhances the lateral erosion. This recent investigation of sediment dynamics and lateral erosion phenomena will advance river management and environmental preservation in the area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site selection for suitability of dam construction using analytic hierarchy process (AHP): A review study on rihand dam, uttar pradesh, india","authors":"Sushil Chandra,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar Gautam,&nbsp;Ajay Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Mohd. Ali Asgar Niazi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12097-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12097-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dam vulnerability analysis is a process that assesses the susceptibility of a dam to various risks, including structural failure, overtopping, and other potential hazards. In the present study, dam vulnerability analysis of Rihand Dam has been done using multi-proxy methods such as thematic layers (rainfall, lineaments, geomorphology, geology, soil, slope, drainage density, elevation, and land use/landcover) using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the ArcGIS and ERDAS IMAGINE platforms. AHP and overlay weighting technique of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) to understand the terrain and geological features of the area help in evaluating the vulnerability of dam sites. The Rihand Dam is situated at a low elevation (159–278 m), which can fill during heavy rains causing uncontrolled water. Due to hydro pressure, water can penetrate micro lineament which can cause large cracks. The moderately ranked rainfall (722.232–729.98 mm/year) are surrounding the dam. The strike direction of the lineament/faults (0.665–1.327 km/km²) is parallel to the dam axis, which is favorable for the foundation of the dam. In the study area, there are 672 lineaments identified, predominantly oriented in an east–west strike direction, with some oriented northeast–southwest. Geologically, the dam is constructed on granite formations, which is considered more favorable for the dam site. Rihand Dam area is composed of loamy soil which is less erodible than sandy soil, which is important for dams. High drainage density can contribute to increased sediment transport in the watershed. This accumulation of sediment can reduce the storage capacity of the reservoir and increase the frequency of maintenance activities, resulting in a greater load of sediment being carried into the reservoir. Thus, dam vulnerability analysis is essential to ensuring the safety and functionality of dams, protecting downstream communities, and ecosystems to reducing the risks associated with dam failures, water resource management, flood control, and energy production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards safer mining environments: an in-depth review of predictive models for accidents","authors":"Kausar Sultan Shah,&nbsp;Hafeez Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Niaz Muhammad Shahani,&nbsp;Barkat Ullah,&nbsp;Naeem Abbas,&nbsp;Muhammad Junaid,&nbsp;Mohd Hazizan bin Mohd Hashim","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12090-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12090-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mining industry is of great economic significance in many nations, but it is also considered one of the most dangerous sectors due to its intrinsic characteristics. Mining accidents are a major cause of injuries and fatalities on a global scale. Therefore, this matter receives significant focus within the field of research, prompting the investigation of sophisticated algorithms and models for the analysis and prediction of mining accidents. The primary aim of these endeavors is to ascertain the key components contributing to such mishaps. The study of mining accident forecasting aims to develop technologies that provide a safer working environment and eventually contribute to preserving human lives. The primary aim of this study is to provide an in-depth overview of the latest developments in the field of mining accident prediction. This comprehensive overview spans various methodologies, encompassing time series analysis methods, statistical approaches, data science techniques, machine learning, and deep learning algorithms. Additionally, this article presents a comprehensive analysis and examination of the primary data sources commonly used to predict mining accidents. In order to analyze the material thoroughly, this paper outlines and compares the many algorithms employed to predict mining accidents. The analysis comprises an exhaustive compilation of various algorithms and a comparative evaluation. Moreover, the appropriateness of their suitability is assessed based on the characteristics of the data under analysis. The acquired outcomes and the simplicity of their interpretation and analysis are likewise subject to scrutiny. The authors have stated that the most favorable outcomes are achieved by combining two or more analytic procedures, resulting in an enhanced examination of the given results. Among the upcoming problems in mining, forecasting is expanding the scope of the proposed models and forecasts by incorporating heterogeneous data sources such as geographical data, videos, audio recordings, textual content, sentiment, and emotional intelligence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the multi-critical parameters characterizing the instability behavior of translational rockslides considering the excavation","authors":"Liang Yang,&nbsp;Mengyao Wang,&nbsp;Quan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12096-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12096-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Translational rockslides caused by toe excavation are one of the commonly seen geohazards in mountainous regions due to line traffic construction. Quantifying their failure extension length (FEL) and travel distance is of significant interest as well as huge challenges in landslide hazard assessment. In this paper, a simple criterion is proposed for predicting these two factors based on the principles of rigid body limit equilibrium and kinetic energy theorem. Further, the proposed criterion is validated against the field observations and numerical results with a practical case of the Xinjianan landslide, a medium-sized translational rockslide that occurred in 2013 in Nanchuan District, Chongqing. The findings indicate that a tiny discrepancy can be found in FEL between the field observations and the proposed criteria, while this discrepancy could be considerable in travel distance between different methods. However, the relative discrepancies all fall within 20%, deemed acceptable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the use of non-woven geotextiles in soil stabilization","authors":"Massedou Dienta,&nbsp;Baki Bağriaçik","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12056-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12056-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nowadays new soil stabilization techniques are being sought to reduce the cost of road and highway construction, and therefore increase their lifetime. One of such techniques is the utilization of geosynthetic materials, particularly geotextiles. This paper specifically focuses on the application of non-woven geotextiles. Their selection is underpinned by their commendable mechanical and physical attributes, as well as their substantial potential for reinforcing and bolstering the bearing capacity of subsoils. In the pursuit of this investigation, two distinct soil types were sampled: one from the Missabougou district in Bamako, Mali, and the other from the Sariçam district in Adana, Turkey. Rigorous advanced laboratory tests, including particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, moisture content, specific gravity, compaction test, and California bearing ratio test were conducted. A total of 48 CBR experiments were carried out under unsoaked conditions, both with and without non-woven geotextiles. The geosynthetic materials were strategically placed at various depths within the CBR mold (<i>H</i>/5, 2<i>H</i>/5, 3<i>H</i>/5, 4<i>H</i>/5) in both single and multiple layers, with three compaction efforts applied to each sample. The findings revealed a significant enhancement in soil sample strength, particularly 100% compaction at H/5 for both Missabougou and Sariçam specimens. The CBR values for Missabougou soil were notably elevated from 12 to 76 with the presence of the geotextile. Similarly, the CBR outcome of Sariçam soil exhibited improvement from 45 to 75. The investigational results underscored a robust improvement in CBR values for the analyzed subsoils as a direct consequence of the effect of the reinforcement elements. The present study contributes to the pursuit of cost-effective soil stabilization techniques by highlighting the benefits of non-woven geotextiles. Using these materials strategically improves soil strength, emphasizing their potential application in highway and road construction, thus resulting in a longer lasting and more durable infrastructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142410386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}