Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Automatic shape design of double-arch dams using k-means algorithm","authors":"Enrico Zacchei,&nbsp;José Luis Molina","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12230-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12230-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dams are super-structures widely used in water conservancy engineering fields for several uses. Their long-term safety is a focus of social concern, and it is strictly correlated to the design layout. In this paper, parameters’ inter-correlations for the design layout of double-arch dams were analyzed. From 37 Spanish real dams, 296 parameters have been filtered and collected. These values, mainly regarding geometrical dimensions, have been divided into 8 categories and combined with each other. A total of 192 numerical analyses have been carried out by using a k-means algorithm that can be considered an artificial intelligence (AI) technique to support the human limitations in managing and analyzing several parameters, for instance, the heights, lengths, thicknesses, and volume of dams. Preliminary results provided a new relation between the concrete volume and height of the dam. Results provide disaggregated values where each parameter is correlated with another one. It appears cluster 1 provides a better calibration. This allows us to understand their weight and effects on design layout. This research provides not only a new approach but also practical values for more accurate analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-025-12230-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical insights from the Middle-Paleocene to Early Eocene Offshore sedimentary strata of the Mannar Basin, Sri Lanka: deciphering paleo-oceanic dynamics","authors":"Hirunika Manavi Wijesinghe,&nbsp;Prasanna Lakshitha Dharmapriya,&nbsp;Apsara Umayangani Wijenayake,&nbsp;Madhusoodhan Satish-Kumar,&nbsp;Sanjeewa Prabath Kumara Malaviarachchi,&nbsp;Chaminda Kularathna","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12235-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12235-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Mannar Basin, located offshore of Sri Lanka, contains a sedimentary record spanning from the Cretaceous to the present, with a well-preserved sequence from the Middle Paleocene to Early Eocene. This study focuses on the Middle Paleocene to Early Eocene sedimentary section, using comprehensive whole rock major and trace element geochemical analyses to investigate paleo-oceanic conditions in the Northern Indian Ocean during this critical interval. Examination of redox-sensitive trace elements revealed temporal shifts in paleoclimatic conditions, indicative of warmer climates during the mid-late Paleogene period. Variations in elemental ratios, such as Rb/Sr and Sr/Cu, reflect changes in weathering intensity and terrestrial input, mirroring shifts in precipitation and climatic regimes. Insights from Zr/Rb ratios highlight past hydrodynamic conditions, suggesting deeper water and lower hydro energy environments. Fluctuations in Zr/Rb values, notably in the P/E samples, suggest relatively heightened wave energy during warmer climatic conditions in the tropical northern Indian Ocean. Diverse Paleogene depositional geomorphologies and seismic data point to increased total rare earth element (ΣREE) concentrations at the P/E boundary, attributed to amplified terrestrial input. Shale-normalized REE patterns and positive interelemental relationships further underscore the influence of terrigenous sources on sedimentary REE distributions. Negative Ce anomalies within studied sections suggest oxygenated environments during deposition, with minimal fluctuations in the bottom water oxygen content. Positive correlations between Ce/Ce* ratios and terrigenous materials emphasize the impact of detrital siliciclastic materials on sedimentary redox conditions. Overall, these geochemical findings provide critical evidence for significant shifts in paleoceanic conditions during the Paleocene–Eocene transition. The integration of multiple geochemical proxies elucidates the interplay between climatic fluctuations, hydrodynamic regimes, and terrestrial input, underscoring the Mannar Basin’s role as a valuable archive of past environmental change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new combination of spectral indices derived from Sentinel-2 to enhance built-up mapping accuracy of cities in semi-arid land","authors":"Khaled Rouibah","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12225-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12225-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate built-up extraction is important to land use planning. However, in semi-arid and arid environments, the accurate discrimination between bare soil and built-up area is challenging, due to their high spectral similarity. For that reason, the combination method of spectral indices was adopted from Sentinel-2 data to enhance built-up mapping of Ras El-Oued city (North-East Algeria). The spectral indices selected to be combined are mainly: the Normalized Difference Tillage Index (NDTI) and the Built-up Area Index (BAI) for built-up detection, and additionally, the Modified Bare Soil Index (MBI) for bare land extraction. Therefore, four combinations were developed and binarized via the Otsu algorithm to provide an automatic built-up mapping. The findings showed that the BAI index works better than the NDTI index in dry climates, since their overall accuracy (Oa) is about 92.00% and 86.33%, respectively. In contrast, the built-up mapping accuracy enhancement is noticed, when using the four combinations compared to the indices (NDTI and BAI); <i>Com</i>_<i>1</i> (NDTI + MBI) and <i>Com</i>_<i>2</i> (NDTI – BAI) have an identical (Oa) which is 93.00%. As for both <i>Com</i>_<i>3</i> (MBI – BAI) and <i>Com</i>_<i>4</i> (NDTI + MBI) – BAI), they produced approximately the same result, since they achieved an (Oa) which is 94.00% and 94.33%, respectively. Therefore, the four datasets created have revealed their positive behavior toward built-up detection in this area of semi-arid land, where both <i>Com</i>_<i>3</i> and <i>Com</i>₄ were the best. The research results could, therefore, be suitable for mapping the cities in dry climates for better development in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of surrounding rocks during reconstruction of abandoned mine roadways","authors":"Xu Kun,&nbsp;Deng Yunchen,&nbsp;Huang Jinxin,&nbsp;Qu Dengxing,&nbsp;Wu Jun,&nbsp;Zhang Xuan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12237-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12237-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abandoned roadways have long-term creep behaviors in the high geostress environment. Under the dual effects of creep and reconstruction-induced dynamic disturbance, surrounding rocks exhibit poor stability. Under the engineering background of a roadway in a coal mine in Liaoning Province, China, the surrounding rock stability in the initial roadway excavation process and the long-term creep process of the abandoned roadway was evaluated based on numerical simulation. Results show that the displacement and deformation of surrounding rocks after the initial excavation of the abandoned roadway are dominated by vault subsidence. The mechanical properties of roadway surrounding rocks are gradually deteriorated in the abandonment time of four years. The deformation of surrounding rocks linearly enlarges with prolonging creep time, and the surrounding rocks are in the steady-state creep process on the whole. The better the lithology of surrounding rocks is, the smaller the damage zone with failure tendency in surrounding rocks after reconstruction of the abandoned roadway. With the increments of burial depth and creep time of the abandoned roadway, the area with failure tendency in surrounding rocks enlarges after reconstruction. Enlarging the expansion size appropriately in the range of the initial damage zone formed due to the long-term creep effect can effectively improve the quality and stability of surrounding rocks. The surrounding rock stability of abandoned roadways with circular, straight-wall-top-arch, and rectangular cross-sections decreases successively after reconstruction. The research results provide theoretical reference for the reconstruction of abandoned roadways and the stability analysis and evaluation of surrounding rocks in mines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physical model for investigating rocking responses of piled foundations","authors":"Mojtaba Hadinejad,&nbsp;Amin Amiri,&nbsp;Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12232-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12232-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The foundational rocking mechanism dissipates the transmitted earthquake energy to superstructure because of plastic hinges formation within the soil bed. However, there are some concerns using this design approach, such as undesired residual rotations or settlements that may cause the serviceability of the structure at risk. Nevertheless, there are several methods to control the weak points of rocking behavior of footings, namely, reinforcing the bed soils by geo synthetics or geo-grids, densifying it, or using piled foundations. Piled foundations’ rocking behavior can be studied experimentally using centrifuge and small-scale physical mode in the laboratory or large-scale testing in the field. In the present study, a developed small-scale physical model for studying rocking behavior of piled foundations is introduced. The soil bed preparation is done using the raining technique and then some typical results of the experiments, such as moment-rotation and settlement-rotation curves, are also presented. The model possesses the ability of performing a parametric study with various pile lengths, soil densities, and factor of safeties. Moreover, different types of superstructure-pile connections can be modeled and investigated through the device.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrovolcanic stratigraphy of Jita River section in the Northeastern sector of the Ethiopian Flood basalt province","authors":"Endayen Belay,&nbsp;Dereje Ayalew,&nbsp;Bekele Abebe","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12229-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12229-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Jita River volcanic series is situated in the northeastern Ethiopian volcanic province; the area provides a well-preserved stratigraphic sequence from lower basalt formation to upper lava flow termination. The main objective of the study is to establish the petrostratigraphy of the area and use these observations for the reconstruction of magmatic conditions along a well-exposed volcanic section. The major volcanic units of the Jita section from bottom to top are aphyric-intergranular basalt, aphyric-trachy basalt flow, augite cumulophyric basalt, olivine-augite phyric basalt, kfs vitrophyric rhyolite, augite phyric basalt, aphyric columnar basalt, moderately welded tuff, kfs phyric rhyolitic-ignimbrite, kfs phyric rhyolite, columnar-aphyric basalt, and slightly vesicular aphyric basalt. Petrographically, these volcanic rocks have different modal mineralogy and textures, revealing that there is a variation in the depth of mineral fractionation and magma flux in the stratigraphy. The flows clearly showed a broad change in modal mineralogy and eruptive cyclicity, and these constraints were that they were pulsed with a fluctuating magmatic influx along the complex plumbing systems and over time fed by shallower magmatic plumbing reservoirs. Overall, this stratigraphic study provides a new insight into the magmatic evolution of the northeastern Ethiopian volcanic provinces. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogy, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion studies of the Rayen Fe deposit, Iran: implications for ore genesis","authors":"Balandeh Aminzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12234-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12234-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Rayen Fe deposit is located in the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, a major metallogenic belt in Iran. The deposit consists of several hypogene orebodies that occur as high-grade lenticular massive magnetite bodies (up to 50 m long and 3 m wide). Magnetite geochemical compositions, microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions, and magnetite oxygen isotope data were analyzed to constrain mineralization conditions and the genesis. The Fe mineralization is associated with the intrusion of an Eocene dioritic pluton into Cretaceous carbonate rocks. Magnetite is the most abundant ore mineral, accompanied by minor amounts of pyrite, chalcopyrite, hematite, and goethite. Pyroxene, garnet, quartz, amphibole, epidote, chlorite, and calcite are gangue minerals. The δ¹⁸O values of magnetite, ranging from + 0.15 to + 3.8‰, are consistent with precipitation from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The chemical signature of magnetite, including low mean concentrations of Al (0.268 wt.%), Ti (81.85 ppm), V (58.69 ppm), Cr (18.45 ppm), and Ni/Cr (mean = 3), LREE/HREE ratios (mean = 2.41), negative Ce (Ce/Ce* &lt; 1, 0.25–0.65), and positive Eu (Eu/Eu* = 1.08–4.08) anomalies, are consistent with a magmatic-hydrothermal source for the mineralization. Results from microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions indicate that a magmatic-meteoric mixed fluid was responsible for ore mineralization at the Rayen deposit. The tectonic setting (magmatic arc; Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt), the epigenetic nature of the mineralization, textural evidence, mineral assemblages, adjacent to the dioritic pluton, microthermometric data, oxygen isotope analyses, and geochemical characteristics of magnetite indicate that the mineralization process at the Rayen Fe deposit is similar to that of skarn-type Fe deposits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance, weathering, and metallogenic characteristics of lateritic soils in the Koubou district, Eastern Cameroon","authors":"Amaya Adama,&nbsp;Bisse Salomon Bertrant,&nbsp;Bokanda Ekoko Eric,&nbsp;Anyeku Njek Rexon,&nbsp;Boroh Andre William,&nbsp;Ngwang Nfor Bertrand","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12231-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12231-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lateritic soils in the Eastern region of Cameroon were subject to geochemical investigation in order to unveil their source rock composition, tectonic setting, past weathering intensity, climate type, and metallogenic properties. Source rock binary plots of Al₂O₃ vs. TiO₂, Th/Sc, La/Co, and Cr/Th indicates a felsic composition origin for the studied lateritic soils. The lateritic soils reflect a tectonic background of passive origin revealed by plots of Log (SiO₂ vs. K₂O/Na₂O), DF (A-P)MT, DF1 vs. DF2, and DF (A-P)M. The high plagioclase lixiviation and weathering displayed by the studied laterites are signpost by the plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) and chemical index of alteration (CIA) within a hot humid climatic condition. The hot humid conditions that existed during the laterites’ formation revealed by the PIA and CIA is also supported by trace element ratios f Rb/Sr Al₂O₃/MgO, Sr/Cu, Sr/Ba, and Fe₂O₃/MnO. The ternary plot of SiO₂-Al₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ coupled with the ternary plot of Al₂O₃-Fe2O3-MnO indicates that the studied lateritic soil is classified as metalliferous to terrigenous bauxitic clay with evidence of weak lateritization.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L-moments based regional frequency analysis on 1D flood analysis by solving regular energy equations in the urban areas","authors":"Tuğçe Anılan,&nbsp;Hasan Oğulcan Marangoz,&nbsp;Misra Gumma Wara","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12233-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12233-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to employ flood frequency analysis integrated with GIS and HEC-RAS models to provide hazard maps for various return periods of flood discharge in the Değirmendere Basin, Trabzon, Türkiye. Point and regional flood frequency analyses were performed to estimate the flow rates for varying return periods. The L-moments method was used to calculate the distribution parameters of the annual maximum flow data from the regional stations. Based on the results of the regional flood frequency analysis, the HEC-RAS computational fluid dynamics software was employed to simulate the water surface profiles of Değirmendere using the mass conservation/momentum equations under steady flow conditions. Flood hazard maps were developed for flow rates with varying return periods. The results of the model provide a good representation of the flood risk region based on the detailed analysis of flood quantiles. The findings of this study can be used to inform flood management strategies and to enhance the resilience of urban regions to flood events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the efficacy of the post-stack processing in enhancing the quality of seismic data covering the Heba Oil Field, Abu Gharadig Basin, Egypt","authors":"Hatem Farouk Ewida,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdelfattah Sarhan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12218-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12218-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study deals with improving the seismic data quality to better interpret the subsurface structure of the Heba Oil Field using post-stack seismic data processing. Potential hydrocarbon accumulations have been discovered in the study area as deep as the Cretaceous Bahariya reservoirs. The seismic data used for these discoveries was processed mainly for this shallow section. The main target of this research is to enhance, mainly, the seismic imaging of the deeper section to help identify the deeper structures that could represent potential traps. Despite the seismic data processing being used on stacked seismic sections, i.e., post-stack processing, it enhanced not only the deeper section of the data but also the shallow. Time-variant frequency filtering (TVF) and predictive deconvolution were found to be the most effective processing techniques to increase the seismic resolution and, in turn, improve the data imaging quality. Several dipping reflectors representing deep geologic structures have been imaged with good continuity and remarkable geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}