Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Integrated geospatial modelling and preliminary geophysical appraisal for artificial recharge site selection in the upper tapi basaltic aquifer system, India","authors":"George Biswas,&nbsp;Mohd Arshad,&nbsp;Tanvi Arora,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12577-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12577-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selecting suitable sites for artificial recharge in basaltic terrain is difficult because storage and percolation are governed by weathered flow tops, fractures, intertrappean beds, and discontinuous alluvial cover. The Upper Tapi River Basin (UTRB) in western India typifies this hydrogeological complexity and has experienced growing groundwater stress. This study integrates remote sensing, GIS, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to delineate recharge-prone sectors and prioritise locations for field verification. Seven thematic layers (geology, geomorphology, soil, slope, drainage density, lineament density, and land use/land cover) were prepared and weighted to derive an aquifer recharge potential index (ARPI). The basin was classified into four recharge categories: poor (4.5%), moderate (26.0%), good (56.0%), and very good (13.5%). High-ranking sectors occur mainly in the western and north-eastern parts of the basin, whereas the central hilly basaltic tract is comparatively unfavourable. Four ERT profiles were used as site-scale subsurface checks rather than basin-wide validation. Moderate to good classes are hydrogeologically compatible with thicker conductive to moderately resistive intervals interpreted as weathered, fractured, or alluvial storage units, whereas poor classes are dominated by shallow massive basalt with limited storage. Five candidate locations were shortlisted by combining recharge zonation with drainage-lineament intersections. The workflow therefore provides a practical basin-scale screening framework for recharge planning in heterogeneous basalt–alluvium aquifer systems. The ERT-ARPI comparison further shows that favourable profiles have thicker low-resistivity storage intervals (median 21 m) than poor profiles (median 8 m), and higher representative weathered-zone resistivity (44 Ω m versus 16 Ω m), although the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test remains exploratory (U = 4.0, <i>p</i> = 0.333) because only four profiles were compared.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated geospatial modelling and preliminary geophysical appraisal for artificial recharge site selection in the upper tapi basaltic aquifer system, India","authors":"George Biswas,&nbsp;Mohd Arshad,&nbsp;Tanvi Arora,&nbsp;Shakeel Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12577-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12577-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selecting suitable sites for artificial recharge in basaltic terrain is difficult because storage and percolation are governed by weathered flow tops, fractures, intertrappean beds, and discontinuous alluvial cover. The Upper Tapi River Basin (UTRB) in western India typifies this hydrogeological complexity and has experienced growing groundwater stress. This study integrates remote sensing, GIS, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to delineate recharge-prone sectors and prioritise locations for field verification. Seven thematic layers (geology, geomorphology, soil, slope, drainage density, lineament density, and land use/land cover) were prepared and weighted to derive an aquifer recharge potential index (ARPI). The basin was classified into four recharge categories: poor (4.5%), moderate (26.0%), good (56.0%), and very good (13.5%). High-ranking sectors occur mainly in the western and north-eastern parts of the basin, whereas the central hilly basaltic tract is comparatively unfavourable. Four ERT profiles were used as site-scale subsurface checks rather than basin-wide validation. Moderate to good classes are hydrogeologically compatible with thicker conductive to moderately resistive intervals interpreted as weathered, fractured, or alluvial storage units, whereas poor classes are dominated by shallow massive basalt with limited storage. Five candidate locations were shortlisted by combining recharge zonation with drainage-lineament intersections. The workflow therefore provides a practical basin-scale screening framework for recharge planning in heterogeneous basalt–alluvium aquifer systems. The ERT-ARPI comparison further shows that favourable profiles have thicker low-resistivity storage intervals (median 21 m) than poor profiles (median 8 m), and higher representative weathered-zone resistivity (44 Ω m versus 16 Ω m), although the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test remains exploratory (U = 4.0, <i>p</i> = 0.333) because only four profiles were compared.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind energy in fragile states: a high-resolution geospatial assessment of Yemen’s untapped renewable potential under present and future climates","authors":"Hussein Gadain,&nbsp;Brigadier Libanda","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12583-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12583-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Yemen faces one of the most severe energy access crises globally, yet its renewable energy potential remains underexplored due to persistent data limitations and institutional fragility. This study provides the first high-resolution, long-term geospatial assessment of wind energy resources across Yemen using ERA5 reanalysis data for the period 1981–2022, integrated with turbine hub-height modeling and climate projections from CORDEX regional models. Results reveal a highly heterogeneous wind regime, with coastal and island regions, notably Lahj/Taizz, Socotra, and Hadramaut, exhibiting sustained wind speeds exceeding 6 m s⁻¹ and wind power densities above 300 W m⁻², meeting thresholds for utility-scale deployment. Vertical extrapolation demonstrates a substantial increase in wind speeds of ~ 39.5% at 100 m hub height while gains beyond this height are at ~ 0.2 m s⁻¹, indicating that 100 m is an optimal design threshold for cost-efficient deployment. Trend analysis further identifies a statistically significant increase in wind speeds over recent decades, aligning with emerging global reversals in terrestrial stilling and suggesting improving long-term resource viability. Future projections indicate that key coastal corridors will retain, and in some cases enhance, their suitability under mid- and high-emission scenarios, with wind power densities reaching <i>excellent</i> to <i>superb</i> classifications at higher turbine elevations. This study advances a data-driven foundation for renewable energy planning in conflict-affected contexts by coupling climatological rigor with spatially explicit resource mapping. The findings position wind energy as a strategically viable complement to solar systems, particularly for decentralized electrification, while highlighting critical infrastructure, financing, and governance constraints that must be addressed to unlock Yemen’s wind energy potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into compositional signatures and technical attributes of soils: a case of clays from tropics","authors":"Ismail Adeniyi Okewale,&nbsp;Hendrik Grobler,&nbsp;Antoine F Mulaba-Bafubiandi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12575-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12575-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, further insight has been provided on the index, geochemistry, mineralogy and compression characteristics of tropical clays. Tropical clays are vast in deposit and they are commonly encountered by practitioners and applied for diverse engineering applications. This was achieved by conducting index and physical tests, microstructural and elemental analyses using scanning electron microscope equipped with electron dispersive spectrometry SEM/EDS, geochemical analysis through X-ray fluorescence XRF, mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction XRD and oedometer tests on clay samples from Nigeria, Cameroun, Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa. The mean particle size (D₅₀), fines content (Fc), coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and plasticity index (Ip) are 0.15 mm, 40.25%, 18.63 and 7.7% respectively, and this indicates that clays are relatively coarse, well-graded and have low plasticity. Clay fabrics are isotropic, homogeneous and characterized by separate particles and particle aggregation forming clusters with inter-particle and inter-cluster voids. Silicon, aluminum and iron are the major elemental compositions in clays with an average proportions of 54.07%, 23.30% and 13.22% respectively. The chemical compositions of clays are predominantly silica, alumina and hematite with an average proportions of 52.45%, 24.12% and 14.30% respectively. The mineralogy of clays is dominated by quartz, kaolinite and clinochlore with an average proportions of 51.01%, 48.43% and 15.75%. The clays have convergent behaviour and narrow range of initial specific volume (v) from 1.521 to 1.695. Clays have low compressibility (Cc) ranging from 0.15 to 0.20 which could be linked to chemical and mineralogical compositions. Compressibility of clays has strong effects on the intensity of weathering of clays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-026-12575-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aboveground biomass estimations in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Michael Stanley Peprah","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12570-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12570-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate estimation of Aboveground Biomass (AGB) is essential for climate change mitigation, sustainable forest management, carbon accounting, and the implementation of REDD + and Paris Agreement commitments. Across Africa, particularly in Ghana, AGB estimation is constrained by limited field data, methodological inconsistencies, and reliance on generalized allometric models, often resulting in errors exceeding 20–35%. Although remote sensing technologies, including optical, radar, and LiDAR systems, provide scalable alternatives for biomass monitoring, their effectiveness is often limited by sensor saturation, persistent cloud cover, calibration uncertainties, and inadequate ground validation data. Ghana faces additional challenges due to its heterogeneous forest–savanna mosaic, rapid land-use conversion driven by cocoa expansion, and a scarcity of locally calibrated allometric equations and high-resolution LiDAR datasets. This study employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to systematically review and meta-analyse 74 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Field-based, remote sensing, and integrated approaches for AGB estimation across African biomes were evaluated, with particular emphasis on Ghana. Accuracy indicators, including coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative error, were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analytic model. Results indicate that field-based methods provide high precision but limited spatial scalability. LiDAR and L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) improve large-scale biomass estimation when combined with field calibration. Integrated approaches achieved the highest accuracy (R² = 0.78); among Ghana-specific studies, mean accuracy was R² = 0.74 (RMSE = 27.1 Mg ha⁻¹). The findings highlight the need for standardized methodologies, regionally calibrated allometric models, robust ground-truth networks, and multi-sensor integration to improve AGB estimation and support evidence-based climate and forest management policies across Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aboveground biomass estimations in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Michael Stanley Peprah","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12570-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12570-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate estimation of Aboveground Biomass (AGB) is essential for climate change mitigation, sustainable forest management, carbon accounting, and the implementation of REDD + and Paris Agreement commitments. Across Africa, particularly in Ghana, AGB estimation is constrained by limited field data, methodological inconsistencies, and reliance on generalized allometric models, often resulting in errors exceeding 20–35%. Although remote sensing technologies, including optical, radar, and LiDAR systems, provide scalable alternatives for biomass monitoring, their effectiveness is often limited by sensor saturation, persistent cloud cover, calibration uncertainties, and inadequate ground validation data. Ghana faces additional challenges due to its heterogeneous forest–savanna mosaic, rapid land-use conversion driven by cocoa expansion, and a scarcity of locally calibrated allometric equations and high-resolution LiDAR datasets. This study employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework to systematically review and meta-analyse 74 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Field-based, remote sensing, and integrated approaches for AGB estimation across African biomes were evaluated, with particular emphasis on Ghana. Accuracy indicators, including coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and relative error, were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analytic model. Results indicate that field-based methods provide high precision but limited spatial scalability. LiDAR and L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) improve large-scale biomass estimation when combined with field calibration. Integrated approaches achieved the highest accuracy (R² = 0.78); among Ghana-specific studies, mean accuracy was R² = 0.74 (RMSE = 27.1 Mg ha⁻¹). The findings highlight the need for standardized methodologies, regionally calibrated allometric models, robust ground-truth networks, and multi-sensor integration to improve AGB estimation and support evidence-based climate and forest management policies across Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetotelluric imaging in geologically complex petroleum provinces","authors":"Asaye Getenet,&nbsp;Alhassan Koroma,&nbsp;Zachariyah Bai Conteh,&nbsp;Amare Getaneh,&nbsp;Birhanu Tesfa,&nbsp;Abebaw Demelash","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12573-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12573-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review synthesizes theoretical principles and practical advancements of the magnetotelluric (MT) method in hydrocarbon exploration, emphasizing its evolution from regional reconnaissance to high-resolution imaging where seismic methods fail. MT exploits resistivity contrasts to detect reservoirs beneath challenging overburdens, including conductive evaporites (Zagros Basin), resistive basalts (Deccan Traps), and thrust belts (Junggar Basin). Hydrocarbon-saturated intervals typically exhibit resistivities &gt; 50–100 Ω·m, contrasting sharply with brine-rich formations (&lt; 10–30 Ω·m). Critically, weathered basalts are conductive, while fresh basalts are resistive; sub-basalt hydrocarbons display intermediate resistivity. Methodological inventions, including 3D inversion, static shift correction, phase tensor analysis, and multi-physics integration, have revolutionized MT imaging fidelity. Global case studies demonstrate operational success: delineating the Asmari reservoir beneath Iranian evaporites; imaging sub-basalt sediments guiding drilling in India; resolving gravel layers for seismic modelling in China; and mapping prospective units in Russia. Uniquely, this review synthesizes recent advances in MT static correction and multi-physics integration specifically for evaporite and basalt overburden challenges. This addresses a critical gap for frontier hydrocarbon exploration, confirming MT’s vital role in complex geological settings.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetotelluric imaging in geologically complex petroleum provinces","authors":"Asaye Getenet,&nbsp;Alhassan Koroma,&nbsp;Zachariyah Bai Conteh,&nbsp;Amare Getaneh,&nbsp;Birhanu Tesfa,&nbsp;Abebaw Demelash","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12573-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12573-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review synthesizes theoretical principles and practical advancements of the magnetotelluric (MT) method in hydrocarbon exploration, emphasizing its evolution from regional reconnaissance to high-resolution imaging where seismic methods fail. MT exploits resistivity contrasts to detect reservoirs beneath challenging overburdens, including conductive evaporites (Zagros Basin), resistive basalts (Deccan Traps), and thrust belts (Junggar Basin). Hydrocarbon-saturated intervals typically exhibit resistivities &gt; 50–100 Ω·m, contrasting sharply with brine-rich formations (&lt; 10–30 Ω·m). Critically, weathered basalts are conductive, while fresh basalts are resistive; sub-basalt hydrocarbons display intermediate resistivity. Methodological inventions, including 3D inversion, static shift correction, phase tensor analysis, and multi-physics integration, have revolutionized MT imaging fidelity. Global case studies demonstrate operational success: delineating the Asmari reservoir beneath Iranian evaporites; imaging sub-basalt sediments guiding drilling in India; resolving gravel layers for seismic modelling in China; and mapping prospective units in Russia. Uniquely, this review synthesizes recent advances in MT static correction and multi-physics integration specifically for evaporite and basalt overburden challenges. This addresses a critical gap for frontier hydrocarbon exploration, confirming MT’s vital role in complex geological settings.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Mapping of groundwater potential zone: a case study in Kumargram Block in Eastern Dooars region of West Bengal, India","authors":"Prasanya Sarkar,&nbsp;Shrinwantu Raha,&nbsp;Anup Sen,&nbsp;Koushik Sarkar,&nbsp;Saumyajit Ghosh,&nbsp;Shasanka Kumar Gayen","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12584-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12584-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Mapping of groundwater potential zone: a case study in Kumargram Block in Eastern Dooars region of West Bengal, India","authors":"Prasanya Sarkar,&nbsp;Shrinwantu Raha,&nbsp;Anup Sen,&nbsp;Koushik Sarkar,&nbsp;Saumyajit Ghosh,&nbsp;Shasanka Kumar Gayen","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12584-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12584-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}