Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of stability and global sensitivity of earth-rock dam slopes: a case study of Rib dam, Ethiopia","authors":"Birhanu Ermias","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12275-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12275-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to analyze the stability of Rib dam slopes under varying reservoir water levels and drawdown conditions, considering sensitivity factors and their interactions. The dam is a zoned earth-rock dam constructed in the Tana basin, Ethiopia. The study utilized a combination of finite element and limit equilibrium methods to assess global sensitivity factors affecting zoned earth-rock dam slope stability. Statistical and regression analyses were then employed to identify critical influencers on the factor of safety of the dam’s slopes. The research involved analyzing one zone and all zones of the dam at a time, considering seepage and flow stresses. Results showed that factors like internal friction angle significantly impacted slope stability. Regression models were developed to predict safety factors based on drawdown time, reservoir water levels, and soil-rock parameters. Findings suggest that factors like internal friction angle play a crucial role in dam stability, with rapid drawdown conditions posing a risk to the upstream slope stability. The study provides insights into the importance of various factors in dam slope stability, aiding in determining appropriate design and stabilization measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of groundwater quality of Mirpurkhas District, Sindh, Pakistan, for drinking, irrigation and multivariate analysis","authors":"Asadullah Khaskheli,&nbsp;Taj Muhammad Jahangir Khuhawar,&nbsp;Muhammad Yar Khuhawar,&nbsp;Faheem Yar Khuhawar,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani,&nbsp;Abdul Qayoom Landar","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12272-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12272-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water quality is truly essential for safe health and a basic requirement for different purposes. The 54 samples were collected from Mirpurkhas District, and sources of water were mainly hand pumps and bore pumps; mostly, these were used for human consumption and irrigation. The samples were collected from three subdistricts Mirpurkhas (18), Kot Ghulam Muhammad (20) and Shujabad (16). The samples were analyzed for 26 different parameters using standard analytical procedures. The samples on basis of total dissolved salts (TDS) (World Health Organization (WHO) limit of 1000 mg/L) were acceptable for drinking in the range of 22–55% within three subdistricts. The groundwater indicated acceptable alkalinity for 37.5–55%, chloride for 38.8–75%, sulphate 66–75%, Na 43.75–70%, K 22.2–37.5%, Ca 66.6–75%, Mg 72–75%, Cr 12.5–22.2%, Cd 25–38.8%, Pb 55.5–68.75%, Ni 37.5–40%, fluoride 55.5–81.1% and arsenic 85–100% samples within the permissible limits of WHO for drinking purposes. The results of analyses for nitrate, nitrite, orthophosphate, total phosphate, pH, Fe, Cu, Mn and Co for all the samples were within the acceptable limits of WHO. The results were analyzed for multivariate statistical procedures, including coefficient of correlation, Piper diagram, principal component analysis, dendrogram and Gibb’s diagrams. The quality of groundwater depended on the rock dominance and several parameters correlated with each other indicating resemblance in geological settings in the area. The water quality index (WQI) for the samples was also calculated, and 61% of samples were in the excellent to good water category. The suitability of groundwater samples for irrigation based on sodium percent (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly’s index (KI), permeability index (PI) and Wilcox diagrams indicated that 39–95% were suitable for irrigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving soft soil using high vacuum densification method in the laboratory","authors":"Ripon Chandra Malo,&nbsp;Mehedi Ahmed Ansary","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12278-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12278-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a controlled laboratory evaluation of the high vacuum densification method (HVDM) for improving extremely soft soil using a 1 g physical model. Following several trials on the physical model, the experiment was carried out using samples obtained from the field site, where HVDM was applied to improve the soil properties. The successful application of HVDM within the physical model resulted in achieving 94% relative compaction, accompanied by significant enhancements in soil strength: specifically, a 37% increase in unconfined compressive strength and a 38% rise in triaxial deviator strength, as well as a significant improvement in cohesion and angle of internal friction relative to untreated conditions. Also, the experimental observations, including the pore pressure response, settlement behavior, and visual evidence, all indicate a significant enhancement in soil stiffness following HVDM treatment, accompanied by rapid consolidation and increased density. The application of HVDM enables the achievement of the desired soil stiffness within the shortest possible timeframe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a high-resolution seismic impedance model via application of a novel grid conversion technique: implications for gas reservoirs","authors":"Tahir Azeem,&nbsp;Wang Yan Chun,&nbsp;Faisal Rehman,&nbsp;Muhammad Toqeer,&nbsp;Aamir Ali","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12279-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12279-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The characterization of thin-bedded reservoirs is quite a challenging task, particularly as the reservoir thickness is below the seismic resolution limit. Geostatistical inversion efficiently integrates different datasets to create a high-resolution impedance model for improved characterization of the thin-bedded reservoirs. However, the optimal utilization of geostatistical inversion necessitates the availability of 3D seismic data. This study presents a novel approach for converting 2D seismic lines into a 3D grid, enabling the application of geostatistical inversion techniques. Different seismic features within the target interval (Lower Goru Formation) are correlated to investigate the credibility of the applied technique. Subsequently, geostatistical inversion is performed, and the obtained results are validated using gamma ray logs. It is observed that low gamma ray zones are in good agreement with the low impedance zones within the Lower Goru Formation. Even small variations in seismic impedance align with the variations depicted by wireline log data and pseudo-impedance logs. The adopted workflow can be utilized to build up the high-resolution impedance model of complex geological reservoirs without 3D seismic data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical accurate analysis for uniform and damped soil supported on elastic rock","authors":"Enrico Zacchei,&nbsp;Reyolando Brasil","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12277-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12277-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prediction of ground motion by earthquakes is still the main issue for seismologists, engineers, and researchers. In this paper, the site response analyses (SRAs) have been carried out by considering the homogeneity, heterogeneity, and non-linearity of the soil, and the randomness of the seismic input. Analytical differential equations have been solved by calibrating boundary conditions. In this sense, the analyses can be considered accurate since the different effects have been studied separately in a more advanced way. The calibration has been made by using previous published studies and reliable software. Results are expressed in terms of horizontal displacements, accelerations, shear strains, and stresses. Results show that the heterogeneity effects depend on the shear wave velocity reaching, for heterogeneous soil, a value 10 times greater than that for homogeneity soil. Regarding the non-linearity and dynamic effects are more complicated to be framed by a unique conclusion. However, for some cases, the results appear similar to previous studies. In a more global way, it was possible to estimate direct approximations for non-linear homogeneous, dynamic homogeneous and heterogeneous soil in function of input data regarding the earthquake, usually known, as peak ground accelerations (PGAs) and maximum frequencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12517-025-12277-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple piecewise C2 continuous smoothing technique to remove numerical singularities in Mohr–Coulomb criterion","authors":"Rui Dai,&nbsp;Zhen He,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Chen","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12268-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12268-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Mohr–Coulomb criterion represents a hexagonal pyramidal surface in the three-dimensional principal stress/strain spaces. There exist numerical singularities on the edges and at the apex of the pyramidal surface. An ideal technique for removing such singularities should be simple enough and can minimize the deviation. An early approach seems to meet the requirements but was found to be not smooth and poor in numerical astringency. Therefore, a simple piecewise C2 continuous smoothing technique was presented to remove the singularities posed by the vertexes of the Mohr–Coulomb locus in the deviatoric plane. Meanwhile, the linear Mohr–Coulomb envelope in the meridian plane was still preserved. The singularity at the apex was also removed. A subroutine that still uses the original Mohr–Coulomb criterion to determine the yielding of geomaterials but employs the piecewise C2 continuous smooth yield and potential surfaces to perform the relevant derivation operations was successfully developed in Abaqus using the fully implicit backward Euler integral regression algorithm. Its reliability was extensively validated by numerically modeling the triaxial compression and uniaxial tensile tests, as well as the stability analysis of a typical soil slope. The study highlighted the merit of this technique to be popularized in relevant numerical software.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the dynamic interplay of biophysical, morphological, and temperature extremes in arid regions of Kuwait: Decoding sustainable urban resilience by utilizing remote sensing techniques","authors":"Ahmad E. AlDousari,&nbsp;Abdulla Al Kafy,&nbsp;Zullyadini A. Rahaman","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12266-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12266-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an era of increasing importance on sustainable urban ecosystems, this study examines arid region of Kuwait’s dramatic urban transformation over 20 years, highlighting the crucial collaboration between urban resilience, biophysical and morphological composition, land surface temperature (LST), and environmental sustainability. By utilizing the Landsat satellite imagery through geospatial and remote sensing techniques from 2003 to 2023, we identified significant trends in land use alterations and LST fluctuations at 6-year intervals. Our findings reveal a striking expansion of Kuwait’s built-up areas by 1246.51 km² (217.88%) over the study period, associated by a significant diminishing in water bodies (227.88 km², 58.40%), barren land (884.02 km², 5.48%), and vegetation (134.62 km², 45.58%). Urban zones consistently exhibit elevated temperatures above 54.70 °C, attributed to amplified built-up lands and diminished vegetation, barren land, and water bodies. This study underscores the intricate nexus between LST dynamics and biophysical indicators, offering valuable insights for formulating robust environmental mitigation strategies and urban planning interventions. By illuminating the multifaceted interplay among urbanization, environmental dynamics, and climate change, our research aims to empower policymakers, urban planners, and practitioners to implement adaptive measures crucial for preserving ecological integrity amidst rapid urbanization and a shifting climate landscape.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using mass balance analyses for heavy metal pollution assessment in some wetlands at Obuasi, Ghana","authors":"Peter Asiamah Ampadu-Daaduam,&nbsp;Dickson Asante Armah,&nbsp;Prosper Aduah Akaba,&nbsp;Patrick Opoku,&nbsp;Derrick Owusu Mensah,&nbsp;Gordon Foli,&nbsp;Simon Kafui Yawo Gawu","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12271-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12271-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mass balance estimates take into account every component of the environment under consideration, offering the most straightforward approach and enhancing assessments of heavy metals pollutions. This study estimates environmental pollution using mass balance values of Cd, As, Pb, Hg, and Fe in some wetlands at Obuasi, Ghana. The specific objectives are to (i) determine the concentrations of the elements in the wetlands, (ii) assess the mass balance ratio (<i>B</i>_<i>R</i>) for each of the elements in the wetlands, and (iii) integrate the <i>B</i>_<i>R</i> of the elements for the wetlands. The metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry procedure. Reference crustal average values for Cd, As, Pb, Hg, and Fe were used to calculate the <i>B</i>_<i>R</i> for the elements. The <i>B</i>_<i>R</i> values were integrated to generate geochemical mass balance ratio index (<i>B</i>_<i>R</i><i>I</i>). The element concentrations are above WHO/FAO permissible limits. Cd, As, and Hg <i>B</i>_<i>R</i><i>s</i> are &gt; 1.3 at all sites indicating enrichment from mining, Pb <i>B</i>_<i>R</i> of 1.090 show near equilibrium, while Fe <i>B</i>_<i>R</i> of 0.06 indicate depletion. Average <i>B</i>_<i>R</i><i>I</i> values for the basins are 30.89, 67.68, and 42.83 for site-A, site-B, and site-C, respectively, dominated by Cd, As, and Hg. This indicates extra source of Cd, As, and Hg from human activities accumulate into the wetlands. In conclusion, the wetlands are not conducive for consumable livelihood venture, enrichment of Cd, As, and Hg is due to mining operations, and <i>B</i>_<i>R</i><i>I</i> provides strong synergistic and effective metric tool to monitor heavy metal pollution levels in wetland environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of various analytical techniques for estimating subsurface heat flow regimes from aero-geophysical data","authors":"Chigozie C. Ikechukwu,&nbsp;Alexander I. Opara,&nbsp;Samuel O. Onyekuru","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12267-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12267-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present review x-rays the various analytical techniques for identifying, mapping, and estimating subsurface heat flow regimes from airborne geophysical data. The airborne geophysical techniques reviewed are the electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, radiometric, and satellite remote sensing. Each of the reviewed geophysical techniques measures different subsurface Earth’s property indirectly through inversion techniques. The airborne electromagnetic study measures the electrical and magnetic properties of subsurface materials, while the airborne gravity survey measures the density contrast of subsurface materials. Also, while the airborne magnetic technique measures the magnetic susceptibility of subsurface rocks, the airborne radiometric survey measures the radioactive content of rocks. These geophysical properties (electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and density) are not measured directly but are estimated through the inversion of acquired geophysical data. Similarly, satellite imageries acquired from remote sensing records the spectral signatures of surface materials based on their various interactions with electromagnetic radiations. These techniques have been extensively applied worldwide by several researchers for various exploration and regional studies including mineral exploration, regional tectonic studies, and geothermal evaluation. In geothermal studies, Curie point depth, geothermal gradient, and heat flow have been derived from magnetic data using spectral inversion techniques, while radiogenic heat production can be estimated from radiometric data. Satellite remote sensing data typically analyzes spectral signatures of near surface materials for mapping of hydrothermal alterations, surface deformation, structural deformation, land surface temperature, geobotanic indicators, and other indicators. By analyzing these properties, it is possible to infer geothermal plays, evaluate the geothermal resource potentials, and locate prospective reserves for geothermal drilling operations. This study therefore aimed at assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques. The results of this study have revealed that no single technique is self-sufficient. The integration of multiple techniques can provide a more robust study leading to accurate and precise location of reserves for drilling programs, thus aiding in the exploration and development of geothermal energy resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating climate change effects on water quality dynamics over multiple time scales: a case study of Iran’s Helle River basin","authors":"Farhang Rahmani,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Fattahi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12270-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12270-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study integrates multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) with climate-driven water quality dynamics to assess climate change impacts on Iran’s Helle River across multiple timescales. Unlike traditional linear models, this approach captures nonlinear, scale-dependent behaviors in water quality time series. Results show that climate change significantly alters water quality parameters: magnesium displays high sensitivity with notable variations, while acidity and sodium remain relatively stable. The study uniquely identifies scale-specific multifractal signatures, such as acidity (<i>Δα</i> = 1.27) and sulfate (<i>Δα</i> = 1.07), highlighting their variability under climate forcing. Nonlinear models sensitive to extreme fluctuations are recommended for accurate medium- and long-term forecasting, contrasting with linear models suited for short-term predictions. These findings link multifractal dynamics to climate-induced water quality changes, offering a framework for region-specific adaptation strategies. The outcomes provide actionable insights for sustainable water management in semi-arid regions facing climate extremes, advancing the understanding of complex climate-river interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}