Arabian Journal of Geosciences最新文献

{"title":"Fractionation of chromium in coal gangue soil samples by time saving sequential extraction scheme from different coal mining fields","authors":"Ayaz Ali Lashari,&nbsp;Tasneem Gul Kazi,&nbsp;Jameel Ahmed Baig,&nbsp;Hassan Imran Afridi,&nbsp;Muhmmad Fahad Khan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12572-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12572-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal gangue soil (CGS) samples include trace components, some of which are highly carcinogenic and may cause a danger to the environment. Additionally, they have the capacity to bioaccumulation, which poses a significant barrier to the beneficiation or safe disposal of coal by-products (CGS). It becomes crucial to understand the chromium (Cr) content in CGS samples in order to carry out thorough risk assessments for developing coal power plants. The aim of this work is to determine Cr content of different CGS samples by using a BCR sequential extraction scheme. A time-saving shaking device known as ultrasonic-assisted single-step extraction (UA-SSE), which uses the same experimental parameters and extracting solutions as the BCR sequential extraction scheme, was used to shorten the 51-hour length of the BCR sequential scheme for Cr associated with different chemical phases for CGS samples up to 2 h. The UA-SSE extraction method resulted in higher Cr contents in the acid-soluble fractions of CGS samples (&gt; 1%) compared to BCR-SES values (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The obtained data showed that up to 30.8 to 31.2% of Cr was observed in the residual phase of CGS samples obtained from two coal mining regions (Thar coal field and Lakhra coal field), where as Cr contents were obtained in CGS samples up to 68.8 to 69.2% for all three extractable phases (F 1 + F 2 + 3).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractionation of chromium in coal gangue soil samples by time saving sequential extraction scheme from different coal mining fields","authors":"Ayaz Ali Lashari,&nbsp;Tasneem Gul Kazi,&nbsp;Jameel Ahmed Baig,&nbsp;Hassan Imran Afridi,&nbsp;Muhmmad Fahad Khan","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12572-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12572-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal gangue soil (CGS) samples include trace components, some of which are highly carcinogenic and may cause a danger to the environment. Additionally, they have the capacity to bioaccumulation, which poses a significant barrier to the beneficiation or safe disposal of coal by-products (CGS). It becomes crucial to understand the chromium (Cr) content in CGS samples in order to carry out thorough risk assessments for developing coal power plants. The aim of this work is to determine Cr content of different CGS samples by using a BCR sequential extraction scheme. A time-saving shaking device known as ultrasonic-assisted single-step extraction (UA-SSE), which uses the same experimental parameters and extracting solutions as the BCR sequential extraction scheme, was used to shorten the 51-hour length of the BCR sequential scheme for Cr associated with different chemical phases for CGS samples up to 2 h. The UA-SSE extraction method resulted in higher Cr contents in the acid-soluble fractions of CGS samples (&gt; 1%) compared to BCR-SES values (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The obtained data showed that up to 30.8 to 31.2% of Cr was observed in the residual phase of CGS samples obtained from two coal mining regions (Thar coal field and Lakhra coal field), where as Cr contents were obtained in CGS samples up to 68.8 to 69.2% for all three extractable phases (F 1 + F 2 + 3).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148661958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides in Southern Tianshui Loess area, Gansu Province","authors":"Xiaoxia Xu,&nbsp;Wujian Yan,&nbsp;Ruixin Xiao,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12564-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12564-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurately understanding the spatial distribution of loess landslides triggered by historical earthquakes on the Loess Plateau is critical for landslide risk assessment and prevention. This study focuses on loess landslides induced by the 1654 Tianshui M8.0 earthquake, analyzing 753 such events using remote sensing interpretation and field verification, based on the loess landslide induced by the earthquake database established by Wang Yuanmin from the Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology. Using principal component analysis, we extracted key influencing factors including elevation, lithology, seismic intensity, and land use type, and examined their coupled effects on landslide spatial distribution. Results show that: (1) Landslides are clustered and distributed along faults, mainly in the Lixian-Luojiapu and western Qinling fault zones, with 28.02% within 4000 m of faults; (2) All landslides occurred in areas with seismic intensity ≥ IX, showing strong seismic control; (3) Landslide development is negatively correlated with distance to rivers and roads. Controlled by topography, landslides mainly occur in farmland and grassland at 1300–1900 m elevation, with 0–30 m relief and low residential density.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial and machine learning techniques for land capability assessment and agroecological zoning in the Trans-Himalayan Cold Desert of Ladakh, India","authors":"Mahesh Kumar Gaur,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Goyal,&nbsp;Neelratan Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12565-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12565-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ladakh represents one of the most fragile agroecological systems of the Indian Trans-Himalaya, where agriculture is constrained by high altitude, severe aridity, short growing season, glacially regulated water availability, shallow soils and rapid socio-economic change. Although remote sensing and GIS have widely been applied to land evaluation in arid and mountainous environments, their integration with machine learning for land capability assessment in data-sparse cold desert landscapes remains insufficiently developed. This study addresses this gap by developing an integrated geospatial-machine learning framework for land capability classification and agroecological zonation in Ladakh. Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery, Cartosat/ASTER digital elevation data, field-based soil observations, SoilGrids information, IMD climatic data, RUSLE-based erosion modelling, Analytic Hierarchy Process weighting, Random Forest classification and K-means clustering were combined to generate spatially explicit land capability and agroecological suitability maps. The Random Forest model was configured and validated through stratified training-validation partitioning, cross-validation and multiple performance metrics. Results show that approximately 62.1% of the region falls under Class VIII, indicating barren, glaciated, permafrost-affected or otherwise unsuitable terrain. Only about 8.9% of the area belongs to Classes I-IV and is potentially suitable for crop-based or marginal agricultural use, mainly along irrigated valleys and terraces. Agroecological zonation identified high-potential, moderate-potential and low-potential zones occupying 8%, 12% and 80% of the area, respectively. Slope, water accessibility, soil organic carbon and NDVI emerged as the most influential predictors of suitability. The findings demonstrate that sustainable agricultural planning in Ladakh must prioritize protection of limited valley agriculture, climate-resilient irrigation, soil conservation, regulated grazing and integration of indigenous knowledge with precision geospatial decision support. The proposed framework offers a transferable model for similar high-altitude cold desert environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis of S-type granites and metapelites from NW lesser Himalaya: implications for Paleozoic crustal reworking and pre-Himalayan tectonics","authors":"Shabir Ahmad Mir,&nbsp;Nadeem Ahmad Bhat,&nbsp;Ashish Bharadwaj,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12563-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12563-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Lesser Himalaya preserves a record of Proterozoic sedimentation and metamorphism overprinted by Paleozoic felsic magmatism, providing key insights into pre-Himalayan crustal reworking along the northern Indian margin. This study presents integrated petrographic observations and whole-rock major, trace element and rare earth element (REE) geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic Salkhala Formation and the intruding Kaplas and Jamotha granites. The metapelites are characterized by elevated Al₂O₃, Th and LREE contents, together with high Al₂O₃/TiO₂ and Th/Sc ratios, indicating derivation from an evolved felsic upper continental crustal source. The Kaplas and Jamotha granites are weakly to moderately peraluminous, show S-type affinity, and exhibit pronounced negative Eu anomalies, consistent with feldspar-controlled melt evolution and derivation through partial melting of metasedimentary protoliths. Trace-element systematics and tectonic discrimination diagrams suggest post-collisional felsic magmatism related to Paleozoic tectonothermal reactivation and intracrustal anatexis. The overall geochemical coherence between granites and host metapelites supports a shared crustal source and highlights the role of sediment recycling and metamorphic–magmatic coupling in the long-term evolution of the Lesser Himalaya.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and optimization of full-water mesh size for underwater explosion shock wave","authors":"Jiangchao Liu,&nbsp;Shenghui Zhang,&nbsp;Zhuo Li","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12555-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12555-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate numerical simulation of underwater explosions requires an appropriate mesh design that balances computational accuracy and efficiency. To address this issue, a gradient meshing strategy characterized by a mesh gradient coefficient is proposed and systematically evaluated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA simulations. The effects of explosive charge, mesh size, scaled distance on shock wave peak pressure are investigated by comparing numerical results with empirical predictions. The research results indicate that: The use of a larger mesh size can still meet the calculation requirements in the case of a large number of explosives; When the scaled distance is greater than 0.4 m/kg^1/3, as the gradient coefficient increases, the error between the simulated value and the empirical formula calculation value increases, independent of the starting position of the gradient mesh. In this case, a smaller gradient coefficient needs to be selected to meet the calculation accuracy. It is recommended to take a mesh gradient coefficient of 1.02; When the scaled distance is less than 0.4 m/kg^1/3, the different starting positions of the gradient mesh have a significant impact on the number of model elements and computational efficiency. At this time, the gradient mesh starting position is used to divide the model mesh at the scaled distance of 0.4 m/kg^1/3, with a mesh size of 1/3 of the explosive radius, which can improve computational accuracy while ensuring computational efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrography, geochemistry, and tectono-metallogenic evolution of neoproterozoic rocks in the Wadi Queih area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: implications for orogenic gold mineralization","authors":"Khaled El-Gameel,&nbsp;Hassan Reda,&nbsp;Hassan Eliwa","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12551-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12551-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Wadi Queih area, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, forms part of the northern Arabian–Nubian Shield and records a complex Neoproterozoic tectono-magmatic evolution related to the Pan-African orogeny. This study integrates detailed field mapping, petrography, Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and whole-rock geochemistry to constrain the lithological evolution of the area and to assess the nature and controls of gold mineralization. The exposed rock units comprise island-arc metavolcanics, continental margin (Dokhan) volcanics, Hammamat molasse-type sediments, and post-collisional within-plate granites represented mainly by syenogranites and quartz–feldspar porphyries. Petrographic investigations indicate greenschist-facies metamorphism accompanied by widespread hydrothermal alteration. Geochemical data indicates sub-alkaline arc related affinities for metavolcanic rocks, whereas granitic intrusions display within-plate affinities consistent with post-collisional tectonic settings. Gold mineralization occurs as structurally controlled quartz veins and hydrothermal alteration zones associated with quartz–feldspar porphyry intrusions. Gold occurs both as free grains and in close association with sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite, within hydrothermally altered metavolcanic host rocks. Integrated structural, petrographic, and geochemical evidence suggests that mineralization developed as part of a deformation-related hydrothermal system comparable to orogenic gold deposits elsewhere in the Arabian–Nubian Shield.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale numerical investigation and optimization of heterogeneous composite flooding systems","authors":"Binlin Pan,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Lan Yan,&nbsp;Haonan Li","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12561-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12561-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Efficient development of heterogeneous reservoirs remains challenging due to early channeling and poor sweep efficiency during conventional and chemical flooding. To address this issue, a pore-scale numerical framework coupling the Navier–Stokes and Discrete Element Method was established to systematically evaluate the effects of particle elasticity, particle size, and slug configuration on enhanced oil recovery. The model captures the coupled dynamics of multiphase flow, particle deformation, and interfacial transport, enabling quantitative analysis of the interaction mechanisms within heterogeneous composite flooding systems. Results show that particle elasticity and size jointly control flow diversion and displacement efficiency. High-elasticity particles enhance flow redistribution and pressure buildup, whereas low-elasticity particles improve injectivity. Large particles mainly form macroscopic plugging zones, while small particles enhance pore-scale sweep, and their combined injection achieves effective coupling between profile control and microscopic displacement. In composite heterogeneous–chemical systems, recovery improvement results from the synergy between elastic plugging, small-particle deep displacement, and polymer–surfactant interfacial regulation. Among all tested configurations, the high-elasticity large-particle / low-elasticity small-particle / high-elasticity large-particle sequence produced the lowest residual oil saturation. This study provides pore-scale insights for optimizing slug design in heterogeneous reservoirs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slope stability assessment in blocky rockmass using integrated approach of kinematics and block theory analysis","authors":"Sanjeev Regmi,&nbsp;Ranjan Kumar Dahal","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12548-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12548-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Slope instability in blocky rockmasses poses a significant risk to hydraulic infrastructure, particularly during dam construction. This study employs an integrated approach combining kinematic and block theory analyses to assess slope stability at the Tanahu Storage Hydroelectric Project in central Nepal. The investigation focused on dolomitic rock slopes characterized by multiple discontinuity sets with varying orientations, dip angles, and shear strengths. Field mapping, laboratory testing, and geotechnical data informed the kinematic analysis using DIPS and block stability evaluation using block theory. The Maximum Safe Slope Angle (MSSA) across different cut slope directions was determined to range between 45° and 81°, with critical key blocks identified in regions of intersecting joint sets. The results were verified through finite element analysis of the hillslope. The results indicate that the combined approach enhances the accuracy of failure mode identification and supports the development of optimized slope design parameters. These findings are critical for ensuring construction safety and long-term slope stability in large-scale hydropower projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical and microstructural characterization of lithium-bearing ore from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Yousif,&nbsp;Jehanzaib Anwar,&nbsp;Razia Kalsoom,&nbsp;Ammarah Kanwal,&nbsp;Muhammad Azam,&nbsp;Muhammad Afzal,&nbsp;Farooq Ahmed,&nbsp;Syed Hussain Imam Abidi","doi":"10.1007/s12517-026-12562-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-026-12562-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exploration for lithium and other critical minerals has accelerated worldwide in response to rising demand from the lithium-ion battery and energy storage industries. Among the geologically underexplored terrains with known mineral potential, a mica-type lithium-bearing deposit within the Himalayan pegmatite belt, Shigar Valley, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, remains untapped and has received no prior multidisciplinary investigations. Hence, an integrated investigation of mica-type critical lithium mineralization has been conducted, combining mineralogical, geochemical, and microstructural analyses to evaluate processing, extraction, and beneficiation potential, and to establish the resource potential of the Himalayan pegmatite belt in northern Pakistan, thereby positioning it as a potential contributor to the global lithium supply chain. The ore sample was processed by pulverization (75 μm), roasting to disrupt the silicate lattice, and acid digestion, and the lithium content was quantified via atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) at 1.85 wt%. Mineralogical analysis by XRD confirmed polylithionite, a lithium-bearing mica of the lepidolite group, as the dominant host. XRF results showed SiO₂ (46.65 wt%), Al₂O₃ (44.43 wt%), and K₂O (5.06 wt%) as the major constituents. Furthermore, SEM analysis revealed fine, platy lithium-bearing aluminosilicate grains with limited micron-scale liberation. These results provide the information and basis for further processing, extraction, and beneficiation processes for the lithium resources in Gilgit-Baltistan. Moreover, these findings also highlight the region’s geological and economic significance and position as a contributor to Pakistan’s emerging critical minerals portfolio and the global lithium supply chain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"19 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}