Investigating the characterization of sandy soils from different places in Kashmir, J & K

Abstract

This study delves into the comprehensive analysis of sand samples sourced from various mineralogical origins within the Kashmir region. Five distinct sand samples—Sumbal Sonewari sand soil, Kitchpora Wuyul 1 sand soil, Kitchpora Wuyul 2 sand soil, Preng sand soil, and Sumbal Sonmarg sand soil—were selected for examination. The primary objective is to elucidate fundamental characteristics crucial for understanding sand’s utility as a primary construction material in Kashmir. Experimental procedures, adhering to standard protocols, were conducted in the laboratory. Specific gravity measurement followed IS 2720-Part 3, water absorption testing adhered to IS: 3495, and sieve analysis complied with IS code 2386. Grain size distributions were evaluated through wet mechanical analysis, categorizing the samples as “poorly graded sand.” Additionally, mineralogical properties were scrutinized employing X-ray fluorescence and FE-SEM techniques to unveil the influence of mineralogy on physical attributes. Results indicate that Preng sand soil exhibited the highest specific gravity (2.62), while Kitchpora Wuyul 1 had the lowest (2.49). Water absorption tests revealed significant variation, with Sumbal Sonmarg (4.28%) and Kitchpora Wuyul 2 (4.09%) showing the highest rates, whereas Sumbal Sonewari (0.57%) and Preng (0.9%) exhibited the lowest. Gradation analysis classified all samples as poorly graded sand, requiring additional treatment for improved suitability in construction. These findings underscore the imperative need for reinforcement measures in utilizing such sand in construction endeavors to ensure structural integrity and durability. This research contributes valuable insights into optimizing the selection and application of sand resources in construction projects within the Kashmir region, enhancing sustainability and efficacy in infrastructure development.