S. Trieu;F. Hoffmann;M. de Haas;G. Tchilinguirian;B. P. LeBlanc
{"title":"Real-Time Ethernet Interface for NSTX-U’s Thomson Scattering Diagnostic (2023)","authors":"S. Trieu;F. Hoffmann;M. de Haas;G. Tchilinguirian;B. P. LeBlanc","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3421897","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3421897","url":null,"abstract":"The multipoint Thomson scattering (MPTS) diagnostic system at the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) facility is undergoing an upgrade to operate in real-time and interface with the plasma control system (PCS) for NSTX-U. Previous prototyping efforts have shown that spectral analysis and rapid calculations of electron temperature and density are possible on a real-time Linux machine when using up to a 100-Hz laser pulse repetition rate. A remaining challenge was transferring the real-time data to NSTX-U’s PCS, which utilizes the front panel data port (FPDP) protocol. The original proposed method was to convert the real-time data into analog values, but a new solution was developed to keep the output format digital by using an Ethernet controller with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). This article focuses on a new input module that has been developed to accept incoming user datagram protocol (UDP) packets sent over Ethernet, convert into FPDP format, and integrate into the existing data stream under NSTX-U’s real-time framework.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"2213-2217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Design for Armature Lightweighting and Contact Pressure Distribution Uniformization Based on BP Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Jinguo Wu;Sihan Li;Bin Yang;Yujie Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3406200","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3406200","url":null,"abstract":"The variation in armature structural parameters has a profound impact on electromagnetic railgun performance. In order to enhance the electrical contact performance of armature and rail interfaces and achieve armature lightweighting, a novel approach is proposed that combines backpropagation (BP) neural networks with genetic algorithms for optimizing armature structures. Employing Latin hypercube experiments, structural dimension samples were extracted for both flat armatures and convex-arc armatures, and a training dataset was generated through finite element simulations. Mapping models were constructed based on BP neural networks to relate the contact pressure distribution coefficient, maximum stress, mass, and total contact force individually to the armature structural parameters. Incorporating a comprehensive evaluation index denoted as “W” as the fitness function for the genetic algorithm, global optimization of armature size was carried out. The optimized results were subsequently validated through finite element comparative analysis. The outcomes revealed that, following optimization of flat armatures, a 10.4% reduction in mass and a 55.7% decrease in the contact pressure distribution coefficient were achieved. For convex-arc armatures, a 25% reduction in mass and a 46.5% decrease in the contact pressure distribution coefficient were observed. Simultaneously achieving armature lightweighting and improving the uniformity of contact pressure distribution on armature and rail interfaces, this methodology offers a novel perspective and serves as a valuable reference for addressing the optimization of armature structures under complex operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"2359-2367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingyang Feng;Yingjie Fu;Luokang Dong;Shenyi Qin;Mengbing He
{"title":"Design and Characteristics of a High-Power Pulse Transformer Based on a Closed Cage Core Structure","authors":"Bingyang Feng;Yingjie Fu;Luokang Dong;Shenyi Qin;Mengbing He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3441320","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3441320","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic parameters of the pulse transformer are determined by its structure and are of great significance to the performance of the pulse source. For the high power and voltage pulse discharge application with repetition frequency, a design of the high-power pulse transformer with a closed cage core structure for high energy efficiency is proposed based on the analysis of the resonant circuit. Through the analytical calculation, the finite element method (FEM) model, and the field-circuit coupled analysis, the key parameters and characteristics of the proposed transformer are obtained and investigated. The prototype is developed according to the design and a high-power repetitive frequency pulse source platform with an energy release circuit is constructed for the performance test. The experimental results indicate that the pulse transformer prototype can meet the requirements of output voltage higher than 500 kV, average power higher than 100 kW, and repetition frequency operation up to 25 Hz.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"2241-2250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Forbes;Halil Topözlü;Nader Behdad;John H. Booske
{"title":"Forward Space Charge Wave Amplifiers Using Lossy Backward Circuit Waves","authors":"Patrick Forbes;Halil Topözlü;Nader Behdad;John H. Booske","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3440928","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3440928","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies of the metamaterial-enhanced resistive wall amplifier (MERWA) predicted gain and bandwidth properties attractive for high-power microwave (HPM) applications. The MERWA theory used a transverse admittance matching (AM) technique at the boundary between the beam and a lossy negative-permittivity metamaterial (MTM) slab to predict that forward slow space charge wave growth should occur if the wall presents a resistive-inductive admittance to the beam. We show that the growth and bandwidth of the MERWA can be equivalently predicted via wave-coupling theory. The main interaction occurs between two coupled waves (CWs) that correspond to the beam slow space charge wave and a lossy backward propagating circuit wave in the limit of weak coupling. We present a two-wave-coupling model to build intuition and discuss two modes of operation, oscillation and amplification, in terms of a damped feedback system. We compare the two-wave-coupling solutions against four-wave model solutions. We further demonstrate and discuss equivalency between the AM model and the wave-coupling model for an infinite parallel plate geometry. Finally, we validate the AM method predictions using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 7","pages":"2734-2748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Butler;J. B. O. Caughman;C. A. Johnson;D. C. Easley;K. M. Davda;C. C. Klepper;E. A. Unterberg;D. C. Donovan
{"title":"Filterscope Techniques for Parasitic Signal Screening","authors":"K. Butler;J. B. O. Caughman;C. A. Johnson;D. C. Easley;K. M. Davda;C. C. Klepper;E. A. Unterberg;D. C. Donovan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3437662","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3437662","url":null,"abstract":"The filterscope diagnostic uses bandpass filters and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to detect specific spectral emission lines. A filterscope was used to measure the W I 400.88 nm line emission as a function of ion energy on the Radio Frequency Plasma Interaction Experiment (RF PIE) for the purpose of assessing W erosion on plasma-facing components (PFCs). Different filter techniques are being explored and compared in order to effectively screen out nearby impurity lines, like the Ar II 401.39 nm line. The effectiveness of these techniques is determined by comparing the measurements to a high-resolution 1.0 m Czerny-Turner spectrometer with 0.012 nm spectral resolution. The ability to filter out nearby impurity emissions is useful when imaging PFCs in fusion devices including divertor and antenna guard limiters. Initial results with a helium plasma show little difference between the two techniques at higher bias voltages. In a helium plasma at lower dc bias voltages, a two-filter technique with filters at two separate wavelengths was shown to be more effective at screening out background signals. Data collected with an argon plasma however show the technique with overlapping filters on the line of interest is a closer match to spectrometer data at lower dc bias voltages.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"2343-2348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Pragalyaashree;V. Arun Joshy;R. Freeda Blessie;D. Tiroutchelvame;Shanmuga Velayutham
{"title":"Effect of Low-Pressure Glow Discharge Cold Plasma on the Quality Characteristics of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)","authors":"M. M. Pragalyaashree;V. Arun Joshy;R. Freeda Blessie;D. Tiroutchelvame;Shanmuga Velayutham","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3439851","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3439851","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to examine the efficacy of low-pressure glow discharge cold plasma on the quality characteristics of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). Low-pressure (0.6 mbar) glow discharge was obtained to generate a cold plasma at 200 V with an electrode gap of 11 cm in the plasma chamber. Mushroom samples were exposed to cold plasma for different durations of time (5–15 min). The physical, chemical, and microbial qualities of the treated and untreated mushroom samples were compared. The plasma treatment on mushroom did not adversely affect the critical quality parameters, i.e., phenolic content, total antioxidant activity, elemental composition, surface morphology, color, texture, pH, and weight loss. The result of insignificance was observed with pH, texture, and weight loss for the treated and untreated samples. It was inferred from the results that there was a slight loss in nutritional properties as the treatment time increased but a greater reduction in microbial population. The shorter the duration of exposure, the greater the quality retention. The mushrooms treated with cold plasma for a period of 15 min showed higher elimination of microorganism. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results revealed that the topology and the roughness of the original smooth surfaces of the virgin substrate were dramatically changed after plasma treatment.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 7","pages":"2634-2644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damping Effects on the Spectrum of Solitary Structures in Cylindrical and Spherical Geometry","authors":"Laxmikanta Mandi;Uday Narayan Ghosh;Swarniv Chandra;Chinmay Das;Prasanta Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3438559","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3438559","url":null,"abstract":"The dust-ion collisional effect is investigated for dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) in the spherical and cylindrical geometry. Using the reductive perturbation technique (RPT), the evolution equation is derived with an additional damping term. An approximate analytical time-dependent solitary wave solution is obtained for the evolution equation in nonplaner geometry. It is seen that dust ion collisional frequency plays an important role in the existence region of the solitary wave structure in the nonplanar geometry. It is also seen that dust-ion collisional frequency and spectral index \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 have a significant role in the amplitude and width of the solitary wave. Additionally, we have numerically investigated the parametric influence on the solitonic evolution mechanism which will help understand the process better.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 7","pages":"2550-2559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanyu Liu;Kun Liu;Wenchao Li;Shikuo Cheng;Yaohong Sun;Ping Yan
{"title":"Research on Analytical Model of Synchronous Discharge of Capacitive Pulsed Power Supply","authors":"Wanyu Liu;Kun Liu;Wenchao Li;Shikuo Cheng;Yaohong Sun;Ping Yan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3437478","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3437478","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive pulsed power supply (CPPS) has been obtained widespread applications because of its plenty of superiorities. The circuit model is developed, and the synchronous discharge process is investigated at first. Then, the synchronous discharge analytical model is developed for the system. The correctness of the analytical model is validated by simulation. To solve the power parameters quickly, the PC software is developed based on this analytical model to meet the experimental requirements. Finally, taking an experimental system as an example, the accuracy of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing the simulation and experimental results. By developing the synchronous discharge analytical model, it provides an essential reference for CPPS control strategy for further investigation.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"2274-2280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhizhou Zhang;Jinchu Zhang;Weilong Zhao;Yueliang Pan
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Halbach Array PM Inner Rotor Slotted Stator Compensated Pulsed Alternator","authors":"Zhizhou Zhang;Jinchu Zhang;Weilong Zhao;Yueliang Pan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3438278","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3438278","url":null,"abstract":"Compensated pulsed alternator (CPA) as an inertial energy storage pulsed power supply integrates the functions of flywheel inertial energy storage, electromechanical energy conversion, and pulsed discharge, and has many advantages such as high energy storage density, large power density, and small size. A new type of Halbach array permanent magnet (PM) inner rotor slotted stator passively CPA (SSPCPA) is proposed in this article; then, the scheme for the integration of the motor with SSPCPA is presented; next, the design processes for both the rotor and stator sides are given to determine the main structural size parameters of SSPCPA. Following this, the impedance of the armature winding of SSPCPA is calculated, and mathematical models are established for both single-phase discharge and two-phase rectified parallel discharge under load conditions. Subsequently, using Maxwell and Simplorer software, a simulation analysis is conducted for discharge with 1 m\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000H loads. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the design of SSPCPA can achieve the predetermined pulsed discharge performance.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"2285-2295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vulnerability of L-Band LNA to the Out-of-Band HPM","authors":"Mingwen Zhang;Chunguang Ma;Ruilong Song;Yong Luo","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3439130","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3439130","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the radio frequency (RF) performance degradation induced by out-of-band high-power microwave (HPM) is studied by simulation and experiment. The latent threat of the X-band HPM to the L-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) is verified by experiments. Due to the nonlinearity of active devices, the gain decreases under HPM inference, the nonlinear response of the LNA is investigated from the physical model, and the injection experiment shows that both the duty ratio and peak power of the HPM significantly influence the LNA gain.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 6","pages":"2050-2058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}