IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"Study of a Wideband TE°21/TE°01 Mode Converter for Subterahertz Gyrotron Traveling-Wave Tubes","authors":"Guoxiang Shu;Xinlun Xie;Huaxing Pan;Xingxing Du;Jiacai Liao;Shaochen Ma;Jiawei Tang;Siyuan Liu;Mingze Li;Huabi Yin;Cunjun Ruan;Wenlong He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3287351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3287351","url":null,"abstract":"A novel design methodology of a TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000/TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{01}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mode converter for gyrotron traveling-wave tubes (gyro-TWTs) is presented in this article. This type of mode converter is characterized by its broad bandwidth. The proposed mode converter consists of two-mode conversion sections (TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {pmb {circ }}}_{10}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000–TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {pmb {circ }}}_{20}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {pmb {circ }}}_{20}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000–TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000/TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{01}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) and an overmoded coupling section. The feeding TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {pmb {circ }}}_{10}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mode is first converted into the TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {pmb {circ }}}_{20}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mode, then coupled by using an overmoded coupling structure, and finally converted into the desired TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000/TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{01}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mode. For verification, two \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-band (220–325 GHz) back-to-back joined TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000/TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{01}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mode converter prototypes were microfabricated and measured. The cold test showed that a measured 3-/2-dB transmission bandwidth of 58.9 GHz (235.2–294.1 GHz)/56.3 GHz (235.2–291.5 GHz) for the TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000/TE\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {circ }}_{01}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mode converter was obtained.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"2105-2111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3494930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Differences in the Optimum Triggering Positions and Projectile Velocities in Multistage Induction Coilguns for Different Arrangements of the Drive Coil Current Directions","authors":"Ranashree Ram;M. Joy Thomas","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3287592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3287592","url":null,"abstract":"The direction of the excitation current through the drive coils (or simply the coils) of the successive stages in a multistage induction coilgun can either be maintained the same (i.e., same direction) or reversed alternatively (i.e., alternating direction). The optimum triggering position of the armature (or the projectile) inside each stage coil changes accordingly in these two launcher configurations to achieve the highest muzzle velocity, which is also different for these two launcher configurations. This article presents a finite-element method (FEM)-based analysis on the differences in the projectile’s optimum triggering positions inside each stage coil and the achieved muzzle velocities for the same and the alternating directions of the drive coil currents in a four-stage induction coilgun. The reasons for the differences in the projectile’s optimum triggering positions inside each coil for the two launcher configurations are explained in this article in two ways: 1) by comparing the mutual inductance gradients between the projectile and each coil of the two types of launchers as the projectile travels from coil 1 to coil 4 and 2) by comparing the optimum propelling force profiles of the projectile in both types of launchers. Furthermore, this article shows that the muzzle velocity of the projectile increases by alternatively reversing the direction of the excitation current through the coils of the successive stages in a multistage induction coilgun rather than maintaining the current in the same direction. The reasons behind the enhancement in muzzle velocity are explained in this article by analyzing the armature capture effect and active duration of the accelerating force on the projectile for the two types of launcher configurations.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"2069-2078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3517680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operation Features of a Nonself-Sustained Glow Discharge in a Tube Initiated by a Focused Electron Beam in the Forevacuum Pressure Range","authors":"Ilya Yu. Bakeev;Aleksandr S. Klimov;Efim M. Oks;Aleksey A. Zenin","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3286407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3286407","url":null,"abstract":"We report our investigations on the current distribution of a nonself-sustained glow discharge along a long, narrow metal tube when a focused electron beam generated by a forevacuum plasma-cathode gun is injected into this tube. It is shown that the injection of accelerated electrons affects the current distribution along the length of the tube. The minimal beam current that ensures a uniform discharge distribution in the tube decreases with increasing tube diameter, increasing operating gas pressure, and decreasing accelerating voltage.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"1941-1945"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3495268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resonance Curves and Jump Frequencies in a Dual-Frequency Paul Trap on Account of Octopole Field Imperfection","authors":"Ipshit Ghosh;Varun Saxena;Annangarachari Krishnamachari","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3285260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3285260","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear phenomena inside a dual-frequency Paul trap are investigated. The dynamics inside the trap under the influence of an external sinusoidal driving force, collisional damping, and even-order octopole field imperfection can be encapsulated by a damped driven Duffing-type equation. Harmonic balance technique is applied to analyze the dynamics around the primary resonance. The amplitude of the resonance curves, the inflection frequency at which the jump phenomena occurs, and transitional frequencies often termed as jump-up and jump-down frequencies are found to depend on the voltage and frequency ratios of the dual-frequency Paul trap.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"1924-1931"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3512221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter Optimization for Multistage Reluctance Coil Launcher With Residual Energy Recovery and Utilization Mode","authors":"Lingshuo Kong;Haitao Li;Bo Zhao;Jiaqi Zhao;Changyong Hu;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3286986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3286986","url":null,"abstract":"Launch efficiency is an important indicator to judge the performance of electromagnetic launchers. The goal of the conventional parameter optimization method for multistage launch is to maximize projectile kinetic energy in each stage acceleration. For reluctance coil launchers with residual recovery and utilization mode, the effect of the launcher parameters on the recovery energy should be considered in addition to the kinetic energy of the projectile. In this article, the feasibility of the model and the correctness of the original model are first verified by a four-stage launching experiment. Then, the influence of the drive coil parameters on the projectile acceleration and energy recovery is analyzed through theoretical analysis. In addition, a drive coil parameter optimization method for multistage reluctance coil launchers with residual energy recovery and utilization mode is proposed. By this method, the coil parameters of the original simulation model are optimized, and the simulation and experimental results before and after optimization are compared. The comparison results show that the optimization method proposed in this article integrates the relationship between projectile velocity and recovery energy, which can significantly improve the overall launch efficiency of the multistage system.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"1996-2003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3505184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Power Single-Cycle Terahertz Cherenkov Radiation Using a High-Charge Bunch to Drive Dielectric Prisms","authors":"Zhi Tao;Li Sun;Zheng Zhou;Hongliang Xu;Weihao Liu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3286089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3286089","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz (THz) pulses emission with a wide spectral band find broad applications in nowadays science and technology. However, the power and bandwidth of THz pulses generated by most of the available methods are not suitable. Aiming to generate a high-power and broadband THz pulse emission, in this article it is proposed to use a high-charge electron bunch to excite coherent Cherenkov radiation from a pair of dielectric prisms. Detailed theoretical analyses and simulation verifications on the temporal and spectral properties of Cherenkov radiation are performed. A 1–4-MeV electron gun, together with a buncher, is designed to generate an electron bunch with a bunch charge that exceeds several hundred picocoulombs while keeping its transversal dimension under 0.2 mm. A single-cycle THz pulse with spectral band covering the range from 0 to 1 THz can be realized via coherent Cherenkov radiation. The field intensity of THz pulse, which is proportional to the bunch charge, can reach tens of MV/m. This high-intensity and broadband THz pulse has potential applications in THz spectroscopy, THz imaging, and THz-driven particle accelerations.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"2098-2104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3495120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Developments in Bioelectrics as an Application of Pulsed Power Technology","authors":"Ravi P. Joshi;Allen L. Garner;Raji Sundararajan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3281339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3281339","url":null,"abstract":"The field of bioelectrics lies at the intersection of biomedical engineering, biophysics, pulsed power technology, and bioscience, guided by the underlying theme of using electric pulses of varying waveforms and durations to drive and manipulate desired biological responses and outcomes in cells and tissues. The ever-growing list of applications includes tumor treatment, wound healing, neurostimulation, decontamination and inactivation of microorganisms and pathogens, cardiac ablation for the treatment of arrhythmias, and many more. Here, we present a broad review of the various advances in the field, the state of the hardware that drives the successful implementation of bioelectric systems, and some of the underlying biophysics and modeling efforts that help quantify and unravel the underlying mechanisms for eventual optimization of outcomes and their successful modulation. The primary focus is on the achievements over the past 50 years and the promise for future directions.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"1682-1717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3496199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Frequency, Harmonic, Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator","authors":"Ryan A. Revolinsky;Emma N. Guerin;Stephen V. Langellotti;Christopher J. Swenson;Levi I. Welch;Drew A. Packard;Nicholas M. Jordan;Y. Y. Lau;Ronald M. Gilgenbach","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3285509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3285509","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetically insulated line oscillators (MILOs) are crossed-field devices which generate a self-induced azimuthal magnetic field via an axial current. This negates the need for external magnets, potentially increasing overall system efficiency at the expense of reduced device efficiency. This article reports the design, simulation, and experimental demonstration of a dual-frequency, harmonic MILO (HMILO), which is composed of two sequential slow wave structures (SWSs) tuned for oscillation at different frequencies, each paired with a set of choke cavities and insulated by the self-generated magnetic field of the common cathode. The two SWSs—designed for operation in \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000- and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-bands at 1 and 2 GHz, respectively—were tested independently before the HMILO experiments. Results for the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$L$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-band MILO (L-MILO) were reported previously by Packard. In the experiments reported here, the isolated \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-band MILO (S-MILO) produced 1.1 ± 0.7 MW of output power at 2.076 ± 0.005 GHz, when supplied with 207 kV and 7.3 kA from the MELBA-C generator. Ultimately, when implementing two separate extractor configurations, the HMILO produced 12.7 ± 7.6 MW at 0.984 ± 0.013 GHz and 3.2 ± 1.5 MW at 2.074 ± 0.003 GHz. These results are compared against simulated performance in the particle-in-cell (PIC) codes CST and improved concurrent electromagnetic PIC (ICEPIC).","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"1905-1916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3494843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Random Characteristics of Ionosphere on the Propagation of ELoran Sky Waves","authors":"Zhenzhu Zhao;Jiangfan Liu;Jinsheng Zhang;Yurong Pu;Xiaoli Xi","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3283281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3283281","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of random characteristics of the ionosphere on the enhanced Loran (eLoran) sky-wave signal was analyzed. First, the bilinear transform stochastic finite-difference time-domain (S-BT-FDTD) method in layered half-space isotropic plasma is derived, and the correctness of the calculation of the mean value and standard deviation of the field components of the eLoran sky-wave signal is verified. Second, the mean value and standard deviation of the amplitude and time delay of the eLoran sky-wave signal were analyzed by combining the International Reference Ionosphere, pseudo-1-D BT-FDTD method, and Monte Carlo method. The simulation results show that the mean value of the amplitude of the reflection coefficient amplitude (RA) in the eLoran signal bandwidth remains unchanged. The larger the standard deviation of the electron density, the larger is the standard deviation of RA. The standard deviation of RA during the day is greater than that at night. The mean value of the time delay remains unchanged, and the standard deviation of the time delay is related to the way the electron density varies randomly. When the incident angle increases, the RA increases, the standard deviation of RA decreases, the time delay decreases, the standard deviation of the time delay decreases, and the signal becomes more stable.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 7","pages":"2044-2054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3506613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transactions on Plasma Science","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2023.3283182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3283182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"51 6","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/27/10159222/10159228.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3502757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}