IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"Design and Microfabrication of Transition Waveguides for Traveling Wave Tubes (TWTs)","authors":"Yongtao Li;Xiaoguang Ma;Hanyan Li;Nan Li;Jinjun Feng","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3510789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3510789","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to design and fabricate transition waveguides operating at a frequency range of 80–110 GHz using aluminum die electroforming. The CST software is used to calculate the relationship between the transition waveguide length and the transmission properties of the transition waveguide. The return loss (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the transition waveguides is less than −20 dB over the passing band. Aluminum die electroforming is chosen to microfabricate them, and the effects of processing parameters on the quality of the electroformed copper lay have been investigated, such as the electrolyte solution and electroforming current. Dimensional accuracy of the completed transition waveguide is about <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pm 5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m. The measurement of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parameter has been carried out, and test finding shows that the measured <inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is between −25 and −20 dB.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5487-5492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Effects of Gas Mixture and Barrier Dielectric on the Discharge Characteristics and Plasma-Chemical Reactions of Ar-NH₃ DBD","authors":"Ni Zhao;Hao Tian;Qiang Fu;Xiaowei Wang;Zhengshi Chang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3514927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3514927","url":null,"abstract":"The barrier dielectric material and carrier gas are the two crucial factors affecting the discharge characteristics and application effect of Ar-NH3 dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). This study aims to experimentally investigate the impact of dielectric constant and NH3 concentration on NH3 decomposition for hydrogen production in a DBD reactor. By analyzing the current waveform, discharge image and optical emission spectrum (OES) of plasma, it is found that the number of discharge current pulses and discharge power increase with increasing the discharge voltage. As the percentage of NH3 increases, the discharge mode transitions from Townsend to glow and filamentary, leading to a gradual decrease in the percentage of NH, NH2, Ar, and other intermediate expressed by their OES intensity. In addition, it is obtained that while both ignition voltage and extinguishing voltage initially decrease then increase with increasing NH3 percentage; however, the former always remains higher than the latter throughout this process. At low NH3 percentages, the Al2O3 reactor exhibits the highest plasma OES intensity due to catalysis effects; however, when using aluminum nitride (AlN) or epoxy resin (EP) as barrier dielectric, factors, such as material surface traps significantly affect the OES intensity of plasma. Furthermore, an increase in dielectric constant results in a corresponding rise in current pulse amplitude while causing the discharge mode to gradually change from Townsend to glow and filamentary. Simultaneously, the line intensity of the products, such as NH and NH2, also increases with increasing the dielectric constant: high dielectric constant group (ZrO2, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varepsilon _{text {r}} = 37.1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)> the middle dielectric constant group (Al2O3, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varepsilon _{text {r}} = 10.2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and AlN, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varepsilon _{text {r}} = 9.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)> the low dielectric constant group (EP, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varepsilon _{text {r}} = 6.6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and quartz, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varepsilon _{text {r}} = 4.7$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 12","pages":"5506-5514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Effect of Pulsed Discharge Plasma With g-C₃N₄ for Water Treatment","authors":"Song Jiang;Haoyu Zhang;Yonggang Wang;Qian Qu;Zhonghang Wu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3508668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3508668","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma-assisted catalysts for water treatment have attracted increasing attention due to their high energy efficiency. In this article, graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is used as a catalyst for synergistic plasma discharge in water treatment. The discharge characteristics of g-C3N4, the generation of H2O2, and the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst before and after discharge have been studied. The results showed that after adding the catalyst, the current and power were slightly lower than those without the catalyst at the same voltage. However, the amount of H2O2 produced is about twice that of the original under the same processing time. Furthermore, the physical properties of the catalyst showed a significant increase in the relative surface area of g-C3N4 after discharge, while the pore volume of the catalyst also increased. Regarding chemical properties, the oxygen content of g-C3N4 continues to increase after discharge, and the ratio of carbon and nitrogen elements also continues to increase. These changes suggest that the plasma generated by the discharge enhanced the catalytic effect of the g-C3N4. Finally, the treatment of the target pollutant shows that the addition of g-C3N4 resulted in significantly higher degradation efficiency and energy efficiency compared to the absence of g-C3N4.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5358-5365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic Layer-Based SPR Biosensor for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Detection Employing Zinc Oxide and TMDCs Heterostructure","authors":"Yesudasu Vasimalla;Baljinder Kaur;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3496662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3496662","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes three novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors designed on the basis of a Kretschmann configuration for mycobacterium tuberculosis (TBs) detection for the first time. The optimized sensor structures are sensor 1: BK7/Ag (55 nm)/ZnO (15 nm)/black phosphorus (BP) (0.53 nm), sensor 2: BK7/Au (50 nm)/ZnO (5 nm)/BP (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 0.53$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm), and sensor 3:BK7/Ag (55 nm)/ZnO (15 nm)/BlueP/transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) (0.75 or 0.78 nm). For the detection process, ten samples are taken with their refractive indices. This work analyzes the sensor’s performance by exploiting the transfer matrix method with the help of the angular interrogation technique at a wavelength of 633 nm. Initially, the thickness optimization of the metallic layer, ZnO, and TMDC is shown by observing the performance of minimum reflectance and sensitivity. Results declare that sensor 1 achieves sensitivity of 348.18°/RIU, quality factor (QF) of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$154.75~{text {RIU}}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, detection accuracy (DA) of 3.40, and limit of detection (LOD) of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.48 times {{10}}^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; sensor 2 attains 274.09°/RIU, QF of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$49.03~{text {RIU}}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, DA of 1.08, and LOD of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.89times {{10}}^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; sensor 3 accomplishes sensitivity of 331.36°/RIU, QF of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$220.91~{text {RIU}}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, DA of 4.86, and LOD of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.50times {10}^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A detailed comparison of these innovative SPR sensors’ performance to recently released studies in the field of biomedical applications confirms their outstanding performance.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5350-5357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Soliton Solutions in a Self-Gravitating Strongly Coupled Electron–Ion–Dusty Plasma","authors":"Shatadru Chaudhuri;Shahin Nasrin;A. Roy Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3485915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3485915","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of electrostatic strong coupling of dust particles along with their self-gravitational force has been analyzed in a three-component dusty plasma. The electrons and ions form the charge neutral background where the electron distribution is assumed to be Maxwellian while the ion distribution is nonthermal. These days, one of the key topics in plasma physics is nonlinear waves in plasma. By using the reductive perturbation technique to the set of hydrodynamic equation considered for an electron-ion–dusty (e-i-d) plasma, a coupled korteweg-de vries (KdV) equation is derived. The impact of strong coupling and self-gravitation on the solitary wave profiles, nonlinear coefficient, and dispersive coefficient are studied both analytically and by numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5439-5450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Atmospheric Pressure Nonthermal Plasma on Curcumin-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Polymer Films for Controlled Drug Release Application","authors":"Nandhu Varshini Gnanasekar;Shanmugavelayutham Gurusamy","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3513560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3513560","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges in traditional drug delivery systems are increasing everyday which should be overcome by polymer-based controlled release systems. The utilization of nonthermal plasma has become pivotal in altering polymer surface properties and finds extensive applications in biomedical fields. In this study, surface properties of curcumin-loaded PVA/chitosan films were altered by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma at 25 kV for various discharge gases and exposure durations. Contact angle measurement confirmed that argon and helium plasma treatment significantly enhanced the wettability of polymer films from 89.16° to 32.73° and 27.28°, respectively. The introduction of new functional groups, alterations in surface morphology, and surface roughness values after plasma treatment was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) identifies reactive species in the argon and helium plasma environment, facilitating the calculation of key plasma parameters such as electron temperature and density. In vitro drug release assessment reveals that plasma treatment regulates the drug release percentage from 78% to 27% and 24% under argon and helium plasma treatment. The overall data suggests that helium plasma is more effective than argon plasma in enhancing surface properties and this study underscores as a novel strategy for controlled drug delivery, thus advancing patient care standards.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 12","pages":"5538-5560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment on PCB Surface Finishes","authors":"Eszter Kocsis;Attila Lukács;István Szalai","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3507074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3507074","url":null,"abstract":"Flux is a necessity in the lead-free soldering process. Inactivated flux residues can cause electrical shortages and functional issues by electrochemical migration. Because of miniaturization and the complexity of recent electronic products, a cleaner manufacturing process is required. Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment (PT) is a commonly applied surface cleaning method in the manufacturing industry and has been proved to be effective in improving the wettability in case of metal and polymer surfaces. Three different types of printed circuit board (PCB) surface finishes were investigated before and after PT. Improvement on wettability of the PCB pads is demonstrated. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of plasma cleaning and to possibly determine the root cause of the improvement of solderability on PCBs resulting from atmospheric pressure PT. For this investigation of the PCB surface finishes, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken, and the composition of the surfaces was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDAX) and laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS) as well.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5345-5349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Deep Dielectric Charging Characteristics and Insulation Optimization of Aerospace Electric Brush Plates","authors":"Jian Wang;Chengzhi Hou;Keda Chen;Yuan Xu;Shumin Zhang;Jikui Liu;Liang Zou;Qingmin Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3510366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3510366","url":null,"abstract":"In the extreme electronic radiation environment of space, high-energy electrons can cause deep dielectric charging of the insulation components of the electric brush plate, causing discharge of the insulation medium and adjacent electric brushes, thereby inducing insulation failure of the solar array drive assembly (SADA), and even leading to the failure of the entire satellite. The material of the insulating medium, the state of the electric brushes, and the distance between the electric brushes can directly affect the discharge threshold of the electric brush plate. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on these factors in order to reduce the possibility of discharge accidents. To this end, a 3-D deep charging model of the insulation component of the electric brush plate was established, and the 3-D distribution of the electric field and potential of the insulation component of the electric brush plate was obtained. The time characteristics of deep dielectric charging of the electric brush plate were studied. After stopping electron irradiation, the electric brush plates remained at a potential of over 5 kV for a long time, posing a risk of discharge. The study investigated the effect of material composition on deep dielectric charging of electric brush plates, and the results showed that the electric brush plate with the highest conductivity, consisting of 60% YS<inline-formula> <tex-math>$20+30$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% ZnO +5% GF +5% POSS material, has the strongest electric charge bleed ability. Further based on the distribution of deep dielectric charging potential on the electric brush plate, the ME-268A flat charge meter was used to verify that the 60% YS<inline-formula> <tex-math>$20+30$ </tex-math></inline-formula>% ZnO +5% GF +5% POSS material composition electric brush plate has good charge transport characteristics and insulation performance, and the influence of electric brush state and electric brush distance on charging voltage was studied. The results indicate that insulation measures, such as increasing the installation distance of adjacent electric brushes, chamfering the electric brush ends, and coating the electric brushes with insulation coatings, can improve the electrostatic protection ability between adjacent electric brushes.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5392-5401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation and Analysis of Inelastic Scattering Properties of Crystal Materials","authors":"Runqi Yan;Yonggui Zhai;Jianwei Zhang;Hongguang Wang;Yongdong Li;Meng Cao","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3505902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3505902","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an attempt to calculate inelastic scattering properties: differential cross section (dCS), energy loss probability function (ELPF), and inelastic mean free path (IMFP), based on the energy- and momentum-dependent energy loss functions (ELFs) derived from the first-principles calculations for six materials: aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), and titanium nitride (TiN). The dCS and ELPF results illuminate detailed differences in energy loss across various materials and energy levels, showcasing the intricate nature of inelastic scattering. The IMFP results follow the same trend as the experimental and computational reference data in the high-energy band, with close values. The three inelastic scattering properties are affected by the ELF features, including the location of the peaks (ridges), the gradient in the direction of momentum, and the shift of the ridges. On this basis, this work also attempts to analyze the correlation between the calculated inelastic scattering properties and the secondary electron yield (SEY) and seeks to qualitatively analyze the differences in the secondary electron (SE) emission properties of various materials.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 11","pages":"5493-5504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction and Decomposition of Magnetoacoustic Stationary Structures in Magnetospheric Plasma","authors":"Swarniv Chandra;Sharry Kapoor;Chanchal Chaudhuri;Pooja;Sheik Arief Abdaly;Chinmay Das;Partha Sona Maji;Anindya Paul;Krishna Bulchandani;Barjinder Kaur;Nareshpal Singh Saini;Laxmikanta Mandi","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3486988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3486988","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider a dense astrophysical plasma consisting of predominantly electrons, positrons, and ions under the action of the magnetic field of a star or planet. We have derived the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdV)-Burgers equations using the Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) method and obtained shock and solitary wave solutions for magnetoacoustic waves. We have further studied the mutual interaction of such stationary formations and the breakdown mechanism. The possibility of a rogue wave-like structure is also discussed. We have used a newly designed code to study the time evolution of wave-wave interaction and the breakdown mechanism. The results will be helpful to interpret magnetoacoustic wave formations in solar corona, or other stellar entities and can help in understanding the study of inhomogeneous plasmas in laboratory and fusion reactors.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"184-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}