IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"Coating Effect on Dark Pause Time Decay Constant in Exploding Wire System","authors":"David Smirnoff;Luis Bernal;Luis Bilbao","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3458449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3458449","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the phenomenon of exploding wire (EW), focusing on the decrease in electrical current during the dark pause (dp) in copper filament explosions in atmospheric air. An exponential model is proposed to describe the decay of current during this stage, and a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is employed to fit the model parameters. A linear relationship is observed between the decay constant of the exponential model and the length, diameter, and discharge voltage of the wire. Furthermore, notable differences in the resistance of copper gas are discovered between coated and uncoated wires. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the process and its potential applications in various fields.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3212-3217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Analysis and Design of High-Power IGBT Bridge Arm Unit for EAST Poloidal-Field Power Supply","authors":"Yuanxun Liu;Peng Fu;Liansheng Huang;Shiying He;Xiaojiao Chen;Xiuqing Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3432398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3432398","url":null,"abstract":"In the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) poloidal-field power supply (PFPS), the necessity of paralleling high-power IGBT modules within each IGBT bridge arm unit is underscored by substantial power requirements. This study aims to enhance current sharing among these modules, focusing on module layout and copper bar structure optimization. Utilizing the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method, we model the stray inductance in the commutation circuit, considering the skin and proximity effects in laminated busbars. A novel input structure is proposed to improve the current sharing without affecting the unit’s overall inductance, incorporating heat dissipation and dc-link capacitor layout into the bridge arm unit’s design. This article’s main contributions include detailed PEEC-based electromagnetic modeling and a new design enhancing current sharing in 3IGBT parallel modules, validated by multiphysics co-simulation. These simulations confirm our approach meets the system’s compatibility, stress, current sharing, and temperature criteria, marking significant progress in high-power IGBT module application in fusion power systems. This article not only presents a practical solution to current-sharing challenges but also sets the groundwork for future advancements in power electronics design.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4017-4022"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Wall Heat Load Control Design for ITER With a Model-Based Approach","authors":"Federico Pesamosca;Timo Ravensbergen;Richard A. Pitts;Peter de Vries;Luca Zabeo;Luigi Pangione;Ivo S. Carvalho;Marie-Hélène Aumeunier;Matic Brank;Massimiliano Mattei;Alfredo Pironti","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3378451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3378451","url":null,"abstract":"The design of real time heat load protection functions for the ITER tokamak first wall (FW) plasma-facing components (PFCs) requires the development of simplified, but reliable control-oriented models. The dynamics of interest in this case encompasses slow changes in plasma shape or transient increases in wall power loading. For this purpose, this study presents a new lightweight framework for simulating the FW thermal response during a plasma discharge, validated against higher fidelity codes and developed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment specifically for rapid prototyping and testing of control schemes. This innovative tool allows the ITER FW heat load controller to be designed in the plasma control system simulation platform (PCSSP) following a model-based approach, where a dynamical model of the physical process to control is an integral part of the controller synthesis procedure.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"3853-3858"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10694723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Ferroelectric Trigger Unit for Multigap Multiaperture Pseudospark Switch","authors":"Akhilesh Mishra;Bharat Lal Meena;Ram Prakash Lamba;Udit Narayan Pal","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3458997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3458997","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the experimental investigation has been performed for the characterization of the ferroelectric (FE) trigger unit for single-gap and multigap multiaperture pseudospark switch (MGMA-PSS) configurations. The role of the different gases and circuit parameters is analyzed to optimize the trigger behavior during the switching operation of the PSS. A high dielectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) material is used to fabricate the trigger unit. The electron emission and breakdown characteristics of the FE trigger source have been studied at different operating parameters, such as working gas (Ar, H2, He, and N2), gas pressures, voltages, and circuit resistances for the generation of required seed electrons for fast switching operation. It has been observed that the electron emission characteristics of the FE trigger are strongly dependent on the operating gas pressures. Short pulse voltage up to ~5 kV and trigger circuit resistances (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10~Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000–20 k\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) are used at different gas pressures (10–200 Pa) for the characterization of trigger unit. The pulse generator is used to generate the negative voltage required to operate the trigger source. The FE trigger source has been arranged ~15 mm below the baffle in hollow cathode (HC) for efficient seed electron generation. The FE trigger shows better emission characteristics with hydrogen gas at ~60-Pa gas pressure. The achieved trigger discharge current is ~25 A at ~4-kV operating voltage with 1-k\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$185~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000H) trigger circuit resistance. The study is very much suitable for the optimization of FE trigger parameters in high-power PSS.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4606-4612"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Drive Coils on Projectile Velocity of Reconnection Electromagnetic Launcher","authors":"Liang Dong;Wenlong Jiang;Xiaokun Xie","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3457237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3457237","url":null,"abstract":"As the power device of the reconnection electromagnetic launcher (REML), the drive coil structure and parameters have a great influence on the reconnection electromagnetic launch device. This article simulates and analyzes the impact of two different sizes of traditional single-layer coil on REML. The smaller the coil, the smaller the impact on the acceleration force of the projectile’s trailing edge. A larger coil will cause the eddy current in the center of the projectile to generate multiple small eddy centers, and the ohmic loss will increase. Therefore, three nested driving coil structures are innovatively proposed. In simulations, nested drive coils gave better results than traditional single-layer coil. The final speed of the projectile is increased from 22.21 to 65, 58, and 70 m/s. A nested coil with a structure was selected for the projectile launching experiment, and the error between the simulation results and the experiment was within 10%, proved the reliability of the structure.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3320-3325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bipolar Pulse Generator Without H-Bridge Controlled by a Magnetically Isolated Driver","authors":"Yonggang Wang;Xiaohan Wang;Zi Li;Song Jiang;Zhangchao Duan;Liuxia Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3449871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3449871","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the widespread application of pulsed power technology in food safety and medicine, this article develops a bipolar pulsed power generator without an H-bridge controlled by a magnetically isolated driver. The main circuit of the developed pulse power supply adopts the positive- and negative-polarity Marx circuit cascade, which can output bipolar high-voltage pulses without any auxiliary circuits. Moreover, the main circuit has added anti-straight-through diodes. These diodes can truncate the short-circuit current generated when a straight-through short-circuit fault occurs in the circuit, safeguarding the switches and enhancing the power supply stability. In addition, the switching drive scheme uses a series core magnetic ring and the secondary-side windings in anti-parallel, requiring only two drive signals to achieve separate control of the four sets of switches in the bipolar pulse generator. According to the proposed main circuit structure and driving scheme, the simulation of the main circuit and driving circuit are conducted to lay a theoretical foundation for developing the prototype. Subsequently, a 20-stage prototype of a bipolar pulse generator is created. The experimental results show that the system can generate bipolar high-voltage pulses with a voltage amplitude of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0~sim ~pm 15$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 kV, a pulsewidth of 1–\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$10~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000s, and a repetition frequency of 0–1 kHz. The interval time between positive and negative pulses can be flexibly adjusted.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3218-3227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of a High-Frequency Loading Machine for Railguns Utilizing Residual Electric Energy","authors":"Bo Tang;Zhaoxin Wang;Wei Chen;Yi Jiang;Qing Wu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3402065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3402065","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a new design for a loading machine in an electromagnetic railgun, which utilizes residual electrical energy after firing to enable rapid loading. It also compares the loading principles between railguns and conventional artillery. This article outlines the design and structure of the new loading machine, as well as a computational model to simulate a medium-caliber railgun. According to calculations, the concept of the loading machine is feasible. It can achieve a loading frequency of 1500 rounds per minute based on the calculated parameters. The loader’s structure resembles that of a small coil gun, allowing it to absorb residual electric energy from an electromagnetic launch and effectively eliminate the muzzle arc. However, lower voltage in the power supply leads to decreased ammunition-loading frequency. This issue can be resolved by increasing the voltage of final triggered power supply modules. This novel arrangement could serve as inspiration for the development of electromagnetic gun loading systems.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3303-3309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Method to Estimate the Conductivity and Surface Roughness of Folded Waveguide From S-Parameters for Submillimeter Traveling Wave Tube","authors":"Fei Li;Zhaorui Wang;Liu Xiao;Jiandong Zhao;Zicheng Wang;Hongxia Yi;Xinwen Shang;Yanwei Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3459689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3459689","url":null,"abstract":"The effective submillimeter-wave folded waveguide traveling wave tube (FW-TWT) design requires accurate metal surface morphology information, and predictive methods are currently urgent in this regime. In this work, a novel method based on the S-parameters of folded waveguide high-frequency components (FW-HFCs) is proposed to estimate the conductivity and surface roughness of oxygen-free copper. First, the attenuation by the loss of folded waveguide slow wave structure (FW-SWS) and rectangular waveguide was studied, and new formulas for estimating the conductivity and surface roughness were derived. Then, the surface roughness of the inner wall of the folded waveguide plates was measured, and the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S11$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S21$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 values of FW-HFC were measured. The estimated surface roughness is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.16~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m, which is slightly higher than the measured value of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.1313~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m due to the fact that multiple forces and high-temperature welding for fabricating the FW-HFC indeed lead to the deterioration of the surface roughness inevitably. Finally, an FW-SWS with the estimated effective conductivity and surface roughness was modeled in HFSS and the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S21$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-parameter and attenuation were calculated to compared with the measured values. Comparison shows that the simulated curves of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S21$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and attenuation are basically consistent with the measured curves, which proves that the new method is effective and accurate. This novel method can easily and directly obtain the important information of the surface morphology of oxygen-free copper, which is of great significance for the accurate and rapid design of submillimeter traveling wave tube (TWT).","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3360-3369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinfection of Water and Solid Surfaces: Possibilities for Deep Degradation of Phenol and Tetracycline by Corona Electric Discharge","authors":"Irina P. Ivanova;Igor M. Piskarev","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3457239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3457239","url":null,"abstract":"Purification of drinking water from low concentrations of pharmaceuticals and disinfection of hard-to-reach objects is becoming in demand at present. The most promising way is to use hydroxyl radicals (advanced oxidation technologies) for these purposes. In a corona electric discharge in air, in the presence of water vapor, an ozone-hydroxyl mixture is formed, in which the lifetime of hydroxyl radicals is up to 1 s. This makes it possible to transport hydroxyl radicals outside the reactor to come into contact with the liquid or surface to be treated. Ozone is used to keep hydroxyl radicals alive. The oxidizing and antimicrobial ability of the ozone-hydroxyl mixture generated by corona electric discharge was studied using for example degradation of tetracycline, phenol, and disinfection of solutions and surfaces. Generators with seven discharge electrodes (liquid volume 50 mL) and 49 electrodes (liquid volume 80 L) were used. Deep oxidation of tetracycline to the level of 10-3 mg/L was obtained at a dose of 140 J/(50 mL). The dose at which the concentration of tetracycline is halved is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$D_{1/2} = 12~pm ~2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 J/(50 mL). The energy yield for 50% conversion at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$G_{50} = 10~pm ~3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mg/kWh. In the case of phenol, purification was obtained to a level of 0.018 mg/L at a dose of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 J/(50 mL). Inhibition of the oxidative reaction associated with the course of reverse reactions was observed. The decontamination of solutions and surfaces infected with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied. The energy cost to reduce the colony-forming unit (CFU) by ten times is 59±11 J/(100 mL), and under the conditions of this experiment, it does not depend on the initial concentration of bacteria. Water treated with an ozone-hydroxyl mixture has antimicrobial properties that allow surfaces to be disinfected by irrigation. In the case of liquid treatment, it is preferable to use a storage tank and circulate the aqueous solution through an ozone-hydroxyl mixture generator.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3118-3126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Role of Asynchronous Contact Breaking in Three-Phase AC Contactors Failure","authors":"Yubin He;Wanbin Ren;Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3454023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3454023","url":null,"abstract":"For three-phase alternating current (ac) contactors, the degradation of switching performance is affected by the accumulated arc erosion on contacts seriously. The direct consequence is the asynchronous contact breaking behavior and further disconnection failure. In this article, we explicitly recorded the typical contact voltage, contact current, and coil current waveforms of the contactor during ac-1 electrical endurance tests. Through the analysis of the waveforms, the asynchronous bridge breaking phenomenon within the three-phase ac contactor is discovered. Furthermore, by examining variations in bridge breaking time difference and opening time difference among phases with operation cycles, the correlation between asynchronous bridge breaking behavior and associated unbalanced arc erosion is analyzed explicitly. Finally, the failure mechanisms for the three-phase ac contactor are proposed based on the asynchronous break phenomenon of the contact bridge and the asynchronous separation phenomenon of the three phases.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"3237-3245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}