IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science最新文献

{"title":"Microwave Radiation Characteristics and Generation Mechanism of 2A12Al Simulated Satellite Structure Generated by High-Velocity Impact of Al/Ep Energetic Projectiles","authors":"Yafei Han;Shenghui Liu;Enling Tang;Ruizhi Wang;Chuang Chen;Mengzhou Chang;Kai Guo;Liping He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3491103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3491103","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the excellent structural strength and energy release characteristics of new Al/Ep energetic material, it can be used as an effective means of attack and defense confrontations in space. In addition, the analysis of the microwave radiation source generated by high-velocity Al/Ep energetic projectiles impacting on the simulated satellite structure and the interference effect of the microwave radiation generated by the impact source on the satellite information sending and receiving are of great significance for deeply revealing the physical mechanism of electromagnetic radiation generated by the high-velocity Al/Ep energy-containing projectiles impacting on the surface of the satellite with the 2A12 aluminum plate. In this article, a series of experiments are conducted by using a two-stage light gas gun loading system combined with a microwave radiation system. In the experiment, three ratios of Al/Ep energetic projectiles were used (the Al:Ep mass ratios were 30%:70%, 40%:60%, and 50%:50%, respectively). Al/Ep energetic projectile impacted on a simulated satellite structure made of a 2-mm-thick 2A12 aluminum plate at high speed. Meanwhile, the low-frequency microwave radiation signal generated by the impact is measured by the Yagi antenna and wide-frequency oscilloscope, and the time-frequency analysis is carried out by a fast Fourier transform (FFT). On this basis, the triple Langmuir probe and the transient fiber pyrometer are used to measure the plasma characteristic parameters and flash radiation parameters generated during the impact process. On this basis, the plasma characteristic parameters and flash radiation parameters generated during the impact process were measured by using the Langmuir triple probe and the transient fiber optic pyrometer. The results show that through theoretical calculations and experimental tests, three kinds of microwave radiation generation mechanisms, plasma waves, thermal radiation, and material destruction, are given, and the microwave radiation frequency domain, microwave radiation intensity peak, and aluminum particles in Al/Ep energetic material projectiles are obtained. The study is helpful in understanding the electromagnetic interference characteristics of the information transmission system on the satellite caused by the microwave radiation generated by the high-velocity impact on the 2A12 aluminum simulated satellite structure.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 10","pages":"5126-5137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ridge-Loaded S-Band MILO Using Drift Tube and Dual Extraction Cavity","authors":"Bilawal Ali;Yubin Gong;Shaomeng Wang;Muhammad Khawar Nadeem;Jibran Latif;Atif Jameel;Yang Dong;Zhanliang Wang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3481153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3481153","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetically insulated line oscillator (MILO) is a unique high-power microwave (HPM) device distinct by its inherent ability to generate a self-insulating magnetic field. In this article, an S-band ridge-loaded MILO is studied. The current design incorporates a drift section in a region of slow wave structure (SWS), resulting in a reduction of the axial velocity (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$v_{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) spread of the modulated beam. Another, a dual extraction cavity is designed in the extraction region. So, the axial electric field is enhanced, and beam-wave interaction is lengthened in this region; consequently, efficiency is increased. Dispersion characteristic is obtained in eigenmode analysis. In 3-D particle-in-cell simulation, the presented MILO generates a 4.5-GW average output power at 2.56-GHz frequency with an application of 500-kV voltage and a current of 42 kA. The average efficiency is elevated to 21.4%, while it is only 15.7% for conventional ridge-loaded MILO for the same input parameters, so the net increase in efficiency is 36%.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4553-4561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission Characteristics of Millimeter and Sub-Terahertz Channels Through Spatially Ripple Plasma Sheath Layers","authors":"Wenbo Liu;Peian Li;Da Li;Daniel M. Mittleman;Jianjun Ma","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3487178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3487178","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation of millimeter-wave (mmW) and sub-terahertz (THz) waves through plasma sheaths is a critical concern for maintaining communication with hypersonic vehicles, yet the impact of complex plasma structures on these high-frequency channels remains insufficiently understood. In this work, we aim to characterize the transmission properties of mmW and sub-THz channels through plasma sheaths with various density profiles and ripple structures, addressing the gap in knowledge regarding the effects of plasma inhomogeneities on channel propagation. We employ an approach combining inductively coupled plasma (ICP) data with transfer matrix methods (TMMs) to model propagation through both flat and rippled plasma layers. Our findings reveal that ripple structures in plasma sheaths significantly affect the channel performance, with periodic ripples reducing the cutoff frequency and introducing frequency-selective behavior, while random ripples cause more unpredictable transmission characteristics. Our results explore the impact of the arrangement of plasma density layers and the parameters of ripple structures (period and amplitude) on channel transmission, group velocity dispersion (GVD), and angular dependence of wave propagation. These results provide crucial insights for the design and optimization of communication systems for hypersonic vehicles, potentially enabling the development of adaptive technologies capable of maintaining reliable communication in complex plasma environments.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 10","pages":"5287-5295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kuznetsov-Ma Breather in Two-Temperature-Ion Dusty Plasma","authors":"Fei-Yun Ding;Yu-Xi Chen;Fei-Fei Li;Wen-Shan Duan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3488825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3488825","url":null,"abstract":"Using both the particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulation method and analytical results, we investigated the dynamical behavior of Kuznetsov-Ma breather (K-Mb) in a two-temperature dusty plasma system. Both numerical and analytical results show that the K-Mb can exist in the system. It may also evolve into other types of nonlinear waves, such as bright soliton (BS), continuous wave, and rogue wave (RW) due to the influence of the background wave amplitude and the other system parameters. It is found that the width of K-Mb decreases as the amplitude and the parameters a and b increase, while it slightly increases as the wavenumber increases. The speed of K-Mb decreases as both the amplitude and the wavenumber increase. The application scope of the analytical results is also given which is that both the amplitude and the wavenumber are small enough.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 10","pages":"5266-5271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of a 0.3 THz Double-Staggered Grating Waveguide-Based Band-Edge Oscillator","authors":"Guoxiang Shu;Qi Li;Xinlun Xie;Jujian Lin;Guangxin Lin;Jiacai Liao;Huaxing Pan;Wenlong He","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3490541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3490541","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a novel band-edge oscillator based on double-staggered grating waveguides (DSGWs) is presented in this article. For a traveling wave tube (TWT), the band-edge oscillation is typically expected to be eliminated since it will affect the stable operation of a TWT. However, in this design, such an oscillation is employed to generate a high-power terahertz signal within a small tunable bandwidth (~2.0 GHz) by changing the beam voltage. To suppress the higher-order modes competition, a novel concentrated attenuator with the mode filtering property is proposed. To verify this design, a DSGW circuit made of 88 periods was manufactured and measured. Measured results showed that the transmission coefficient \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{21}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 was higher than −8.0 dB; meanwhile, the reflection coefficient \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 was lower than −10.0 dB over the bandwidth of 2.0 GHz (298.6–300.6 GHz). The DSGW circuits with two different kinds of dielectric attenuators were also processed and tested. The simulated and measured S-parameters and dispersion curves were in agreement, demonstrating the feasibility of our design. PIC simulation results predicted an output power exceeding 101.2 W within the frequency range of 298.6–300.6 GHz (2.0 GHz).","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 10","pages":"5151-5158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blank Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3486956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3486956","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 8","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10750911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitsche Mortar Finite Element Method for Electromagnetic Field Numerical Calculations With Nonmatching Meshes in Railguns","authors":"Shuqi Liu;Lixue Chen;Dezhi Chen","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3487768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3487768","url":null,"abstract":"The railgun’s armature and rail are in high-speed sliding electrical contact, and there is a velocity skin effect regarding electromagnetic field distribution. Under this effect, current density is locally concentrated and is complex near the armature-rail interface. To ensure accuracy, mesh sizes need to be sufficiently fine around the armature-rail interface and the rail’s surface. Meanwhile, the Lagrangian method is commonly used to describe electromagnetic fields involving moving conductors, requiring a nearly structured mesh shape. Given the constraint of the mesh shape, implementing a meshing method that allows for appropriate and flexible mesh sizes is challenging, which may lead to inefficient and low-accuracy simulations. In this article, an efficient nonmatching meshing method is introduced to deliver structured meshes with appropriate and flexible sizes. Furthermore, the Nitsche mortar finite element method is used to ensure the continuity conditions across nonmatching interfaces in a weak sense. This method incorporates additional boundary integral terms into variational formulas. Current density results obtained using matching and nonmatching meshes were compared at velocities of 30 and 100 m/s, proving the correctness and efficiency of the nonmatching meshing method. In addition, current density distribution using nonmatching meshes was analyzed at velocities of 100, 500, and 1000 m/s, further demonstrating the feasibility of the abovementioned methods.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 10","pages":"5272-5286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Temperature on Turn-On Characteristics of Avalanche Transistors and Output Pulses of Their Marx Circuits","authors":"Han Chen;Lin Liang;Haoyang Fei","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3487190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3487190","url":null,"abstract":"Avalanche bipolar junction transistors (ABJTs) can be conducted in the time scale of nanosecond-level or subnanosecond level. Marx bank circuits (MBCs) based on ABJTs can generate pulses with high amplitude, fast rising edge, and high repetition frequency. In order to meet the demand for the stability of the output pulses of MBCs under different operating temperatures and frequencies, the impact of temperature on the turn-on characteristics of ABJTs and their MBC is investigated. Through analyzing the principles of the turn-on characteristics of ABJTs, the variations in the turn-on characteristics of ABJTs and the output pulses of MBCs under different temperatures and operating conditions are experimentally investigated. The results indicate that an increase in temperature affects the carrier avalanche multiplication process, leading to slower turn-on speeds and reduced voltage drop in base-triggered ABJTs, while the overvoltage amplitude and duration increase under voltage ramp triggering. The impact of temperature on the turn-on characteristics of a single ABJT accumulates in the MBC. As the temperature rises from \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$125~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C, the output pulse amplitude of the ten-stage MBC decreases from 976 to 540 V, the rise time increases from 0.28 to 1.44 ns, and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) increases from 1.57 to 2.95 ns. The theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental observations, validating the effectiveness of the theoretical explanation and providing a reference for the design and reliability improvement of MBCs under high repetition frequency or high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 10","pages":"5249-5255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-D Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Two Cylindrical Reflex Triodes in Parallel","authors":"I. M. Rittersdorf;B. V. Weber;S. B. Swanekamp;D. D. Hinshelwood","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3486651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3486651","url":null,"abstract":"Two cylindrical reflex triodes (CRTs) in a parallel configuration have been simulated for the first time. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show coupling between the inner and outer CRTs. The electrons scattered in the converter foils were used as inputs for the radiation transport code Cyltran. The calculated dose was 10% smaller than the measured dose on axis and, otherwise, agreed with the experiment. A simulation was performed with isolated CRTs, and resultant X-ray dose was less than the dose produced by the operation of the parallel configuration. This implies that the coupling between the CRTs shown in the PIC simulations produces an increase in the X-ray dose.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4583-4588"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Electrode Surface Temperature and Post-Arc Current in Vacuum Interrupter","authors":"Akira Daibo;Yoshimitsu Niwa;Yo Sasaki;Takuya Saito;Takeshi Yoshida","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3485051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3485051","url":null,"abstract":"In vacuum interrupters, plasma remains between the electrodes after the current zero because of arcs generated by the interruption of short-circuit current. This residual plasma consisting of ions, electrons, and metal vapor affects the insulation recovery process after the short-circuit current interruption. The ion and electron densities can be attributed to the post-arc current and the electrode surface temperature. Therefore, direct measurement of the post-arc current and electrode surface temperature is crucial for a fundamental understanding of the insulation recovery process after the short-circuit current interruption. In this study, a prototype spiral electrode was mounted in a vacuum chamber, and the electrode surface temperature and the post-arc current were measured. The electrode was made of Cu-Cr material, and the interruption current above 10–24 kArms was applied. The electrode surface temperature was measured two-dimensionally using a two-color pyrometer method. The melting area increased with an increase in the interruption current above 20 kArms. The post-arc current and its charge also increased with increasing the interruption current, but they did not increase as dramatically as the melting area.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4396-4401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}