{"title":"Novel Flexible True Random Number Generator Using Resistive Switching Memory","authors":"Heba Abunahla, K. Humood, B. Mohammad","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665601","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports a novel true random number generator (TRNG) using Cu/GO/Pt memristive stack. The volatile regime of the device is utilized to achieve natural stochasticity among the switching cycles. An efficient Arduino-based circuit is built and connected to the memristor to produce the data with low power and cost overheads. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests are used to assess the randomness of the generated bits. The produced data passes all NIST tests without the post-processing steps used by most of the true random number generators reported in the literature. Flexibility is a unique feature of the device reported in this work, being fabricated on flexible polymer substrate. This enhances the value of the TRNG and facilitates its deployment in smart wearable devices. This work is considered a great millstone towards efficient flexible secure smart electronics.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122083688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maisha Sadia, P. Paul, Md Razuan Hossain, B. Muldrey, Md. Sakib Hasan
{"title":"Design and Application of a Novel 4-Transistor Chaotic Map with Robust Performance","authors":"Maisha Sadia, P. Paul, Md Razuan Hossain, B. Muldrey, Md. Sakib Hasan","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665558","url":null,"abstract":"A new one dimensional discrete chaotic map circuit is presented. The design is done in a 45 nm CMOS process but the proposed topology is generally applicable for any technology node. The design is hardware-efficient as it contains only four MOS transistors and offers robust chaotic performance with a wide chaotic range. The chaotic performance is analyzed using bifurcation plot, Lyapunov exponent, correlation coefficient, and sample entropy. These different qualitative and quantitative measures clearly demonstrate excellent ergodic properties across a wide chaotic parameter range. The proposed map is also used in designing a reconfigurable logic generator and its wide chaotic window is shown to significantly enhance the functionality space of the logic generator.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"314 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125960773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural Network Architecture Based on Wavelet Transform for Electro-mobility Detection","authors":"Ching-Lung Su, W. Lai, Jun-Yao Zhong","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665612","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the development of a neural network model for long-distance objects and a small-scale of computing. The proposed architecture of wavelet object detection is based on merge other frequency domains of the image into reference. The Experiments is applied for long-distance scenes to provide higher accuracy assume as lower computational complexity. Feasibility of the proposed wavelet neural networks has been evaluated and verified on vehicle detection. The architecture of wavelet object detection promoted low latency and high frame per second (fps) to porting on the NVIDIA JETSON AGX XAVIER evaluation board for artificial intelligence applications.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128678095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charge Scavenging Gate Coupled Hierarchical Bitline Scheme for Ultra-Low Power SRAMs in 65nm LSTP CMOS","authors":"Mukesh Kumar Srivastav, Rimjhim, Govind Soni, Umang Mittal, Rupali Tewari, Riya Yadav, Anuj Grover, Kedar Janardan Dhori, Harsh Rawat","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665552","url":null,"abstract":"SRAMs consume a large share of power in an advanced SoC. Hierarchical bitlines are used to reduce power consumption. In this work, we compare a Charge Scavenging Gate Coupled (CSGC) Hierarchical Bitline Architecture with the Conventional Memory and Conventional Hierarchical Architecture. While Conventional Hierarchical architecture is more efficient for smaller memory capacity, we show that for large instances operating at low speeds, CSGC scheme can save up to 32% power over Conventional Memory architecture in 65nm LSTP CMOS technology. Also, it saves 15% more power than the Conventional Hierarchical scheme at an additional area overhead of 5%.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"598 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127519536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Low-Power Biasing Scheme for the Rail-to-Rail Buffer/Amplifier Applications","authors":"U. Çini","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665458","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a biasing scheme for economizing the quiescent current of a rail-to-rail buffer/amplifier stages is proposed. In conventional rail-to-rail input amplifiers, both PMOS and NMOS input stages are active and both draw current to make the input stage operational for the full supply range. In this work, in mid-supply conditions, only NMOS input stage is active and the cut-off condition for the NMOS differential input stage is detected via a sense circuit. Whenever the NMOS stage approaches cut-off, the sense path detects the condition and provides current bias for the auxiliary PMOS path. Since only single differential input stage is activated, it saves 35% current for the biasing transistors, which is an important saving if low power is the target of the design. The circuit is designed in Austriamicrosystems (AMS) $0.35mumathrm{m}$ technology and simulated using HSPICE. The proposed design may be suitable for many of the rail-to-rail input stages for the amplifier/buffer or OTA circuits.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"49 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132974318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling Electrostatic MEMS Actuator","authors":"Z. Kolka, V. Biolková, D. Biolek, Zdeněk Biolek","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665561","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with a mathematical model of electrostatic MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) actuator with an associated mechanical system. The model mimics the behavior of a commercial MEMS-driven micromirror. It is shown that the electric port of the electrostatic comb drive can be correctly modeled as a generic memcapacitor whose state equation describes the dynamic behavior of the cooperating mechanical subsystem. The so-called narrow-band frequency-dependent hysteresis, associated with such types of MEMS, is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126341491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced Model Size Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting","authors":"Tsung-Han Tsai, XinAn Lin","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665618","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discussed the application of Densely Connected Convolutional Networks (DenseNet), group convolution, and squeeze-and-excitation Networks (SENet) in keyword spotting tasks. We validated the network using the Google Speech Commands Dataset. Our proposed network has better accuracy than other networks even with less number of parameters and floating-point operations (FLOPs). In addition, we varied the depth and width of the network to build a compact variant network. It also outperforms other compact variants.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126418700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Grybos, R. Kleczek, P. Kmon, A. Krzyzanowska, P. Otfinowski, R. Szczygiel, M. Zoladz
{"title":"Hybrid Detector with Interpixel Communication for Color X-ray Imaging","authors":"P. Grybos, R. Kleczek, P. Kmon, A. Krzyzanowska, P. Otfinowski, R. Szczygiel, M. Zoladz","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665489","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a readout integrated circuit of pixel architecture called MPIX (Multithreshold PIXels), designed for CdTe pixel detectors used in high-energy X-ray imaging applications. The MPIX IC of the area of $9.6 text{mm} times 20.3 text{mm}$ is designed in a CMOS 130 nm process. The IC core is a matrix of $96times 192$ square-shaped pixels of $100 mu mathrm{m}$ pitch. Each pixel contains an analog front-end, four independently working discriminators, and four 12-bit ripple counters. Such pixel architecture allows photon processing one by one and selecting the X-ray photons according to their energy (X-ray color imaging). The MPIX chips are bump-bonded to pixel CdTe sensor with a pitch of $100 mu mathrm{m}$ and thickness of $750 mu mathrm{m}$. These hybrid detectors (sensor bump-bonded to readout integrated circuit) are characterized by test pulses and X-ray radiation. To match the different range of applications the MPIX chip has 8 possible different gain settings. In the high gain mode, the chip can operate with Xray photons up to 46 keV and has the Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) of 123 el. rms. In the low gain mode, the ENC is equal to 192 el. rms, and the chip can process the X-ray photons of energy up to 154 keV. The matrix of 18432 pixels has a very good uniformity: globally set threshold has an effective pixel to pixel offset spread of 1 mV (for the full threshold range up to 800 mV). The power consumption per pixel is $80 mu mathrm{W}/text{pixel}$. Additionally, to deal with charge sharing effects in a thick semiconductor pixel sensor, Multithreshold Pattern Recognition algorithms are implemented in the MPIX IC.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121392474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcel Khalifa, Rotem Ben Hur, R. Ronen, Orian Leitersdorf, L. Yavits, Shahar Kvatinsky
{"title":"FiltPIM: In-Memory Filter for DNA Sequencing","authors":"Marcel Khalifa, Rotem Ben Hur, R. Ronen, Orian Leitersdorf, L. Yavits, Shahar Kvatinsky","doi":"10.1109/ICECS53924.2021.9665570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS53924.2021.9665570","url":null,"abstract":"Aligning the entire genome of an organism is a compute-intensive task. Pre-alignment filters substantially reduce computation complexity by filtering potential alignment locations. The base-count filter successfully removes over 68% of the potential locations through a histogram-based heuristic. This paper presents FiltPIM, an efficient design of the base-count filter that is based on memristive processing-in-memory. The in-memory design reduces CPU-to-memory data transfer and utilizes both intra-crossbar and inter-crossbar memristive stateful-logic parallelism. The reduction in data transfer and the efficient stateful-logic computation together improve filtering time by 100x compared to a CPU implementation of the filter.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"48 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116208828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Gad, Mostafa AboelMaged, M. Mashaly, M. A. E. Ghany
{"title":"Efficient Sequence Generation for Hardware Verification Using Machine Learning","authors":"Muhammad Gad, Mostafa AboelMaged, M. Mashaly, M. A. E. Ghany","doi":"10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icecs53924.2021.9665495","url":null,"abstract":"With the doubling in the number of transistors approximately every two years, modern systems' complexity is growing exponentially. As the complexity of systems increases, the amounts of data generated during functional verification becomes huge. Debugging this huge amount of data becomes very time-consuming and a bottleneck in the design flow. Thus, comes the importance of using machine learning in verification to analyze this huge amount of data, automate and accelerate the process of verification. In this paper, two methods for improving sequential circuits' simulation-based verification techniques are presented. First, a graph-based method with adaptive neural network is proposed. The proposed method overcomes the problem of sensitivity of learning algorithms to the size and quality of the initial training set. Simulations show that the proposed method always achieves full coverage closure irrespective of the initial training set while the other methods quality decreases drastically with decreasing training set size. For the second method, a new way of choosing graph weights is proposed. Results show that new graph weights introduce at least 10% improvement in total number of instructions and 40% improvement in total time.","PeriodicalId":448558,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125135293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}