TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134749
Kai-Kai Wang , Ya-Fei Li , Ran Bi , Xue-Hao Wang , Xue Xue , Peng Lu , Yue-Yao Ma , Na-Na Zhao , Guo-Yi Yan
{"title":"[3 + 2] cycloaddition of quinazoline-derived azomethine imines with electron-deficient alkenes to access functionalized fused tricyclic tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline frameworks","authors":"Kai-Kai Wang , Ya-Fei Li , Ran Bi , Xue-Hao Wang , Xue Xue , Peng Lu , Yue-Yao Ma , Na-Na Zhao , Guo-Yi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A classical Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between quinazoline-derived azomethine imines and electron-deficient alkenes has been developed. This reaction offers a dearomatization strategy for the direct synthesis of functionalized fused tricyclic tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-<em>c</em>]quinazoline frameworks, which contain two contiguous stereocenters. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and achieves high yields (95–98 %), with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity (up to >25:1 dr). Furthermore, this protocol is characterized by the use of easily available starting materials, a broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, straightforward operation, and 100 % atom economy. Additionally, the synthetic utility of this methodology was further demonstrated through synthetic transformations. The structure and relative configuration of the typical product were unambiguously established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134756
Umang Pithadiya , Naimish Dobariya , Vaibhav D. Prajapati , Ronak V. Prajapati , Vishal B. Purohit , Vicky Jain , Sharad C. Karad
{"title":"Transition metal-free direct C(sp2)-H thiocyanation of 2-iminothiazolines at room temperature","authors":"Umang Pithadiya , Naimish Dobariya , Vaibhav D. Prajapati , Ronak V. Prajapati , Vishal B. Purohit , Vicky Jain , Sharad C. Karad","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a metal-free and highly efficient protocol for N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS)-mediated C-H thiocyanation of 2-iminothiazolines using potassium thiocyanate (KSCN). This transformation proceeds under mild conditions, requiring only 1.2 equivalents of NCS at ambient temperature in an aerobic atmosphere. The developed protocol demonstrates excellent efficiency for C-H thiocyanation enabling the synthesis of a diverse range of 2-iminothiazolines bearing –SCN functional groups in good to excellent yields. Key advantages of this transition-metal free approach include a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, excellent product yields, scalability, and synthetic versatility. Mechanistic investigations suggest an ionic pathway for this transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134758
Gulzar Hussain , Umar Ul Islam , Yogesh P. Bharitkar , Avinash Madhesiya , Tejender S. Thakur , Syed Khalid Yousuf
{"title":"Drimane based substituted pyrano-oxepines from labdane diterpene sclareol; stereoselective synthesis, molecular docking simulations and in silico ADMET prediction studies","authors":"Gulzar Hussain , Umar Ul Islam , Yogesh P. Bharitkar , Avinash Madhesiya , Tejender S. Thakur , Syed Khalid Yousuf","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sclareol, a labdane diterpene alcohol, has been studied for the stereoselective synthesis of drimane-based aryl, alkyl, and heteroaryl substituted pyrano-oxepines. The synthesis process involves two main steps: first, generating a homoallylic alcohol from sclareol, followed by TMSOTf-mediated Prins cyclization using various aldehydes. This approach is characterized by its broad substrate scope, short reaction times, and complete stereoselectivity. The synthesized derivatives were fully characterized using a various spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and X-ray diffraction. To investigate their potential as anticancer agents, all synthesized compounds underwent molecular docking studies against BRCA1 proteins, which are key targets in breast cancer therapy. The analysis revealed that the derivatives exhibited better binding affinity values, ranging from −6.6 to −8.3 kcal/mol, compared to the parent molecule sclareol, which had a binding affinity of −5.6 kcal/mol. Notably, compound <strong>14</strong> displayed the most favorable interaction with a binding affinity of −8.3 kcal/mol. Furthermore, ADMET studies and normal mode analysis (NMA) simulations indicated that the synthesized drimane-based pyrano[3,4]oxepines possess favorable drug-like properties and structural stability. These compounds exhibit ideal physicochemical characteristics, excellent oral bioavailability, promising pharmacokinetic behavior, and minimal toxicity risk. These results highlight the potential of drimane-based pyrano[3,4]oxepine derivatives as promising candidates for the development of effective breast cancer inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134755
Farhad Shirzaei, Hamid Reza Shaterian
{"title":"Synthesis of (hydroxymethyl)(methylsulfonyl)pyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives using a basic ionic liquid, [(HOCH2)2C(CH3)NH3+][HCOO−], as a green catalyst","authors":"Farhad Shirzaei, Hamid Reza Shaterian","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A stable ionic liquid catalyst, [(HOCH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>3</sub>)NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>][HCOO<sup>−</sup>], was synthesized. New (hydroxymethyl)(methylsulfonyl)pyrano[3,2-<em>b</em>]pyran compounds were successfully prepared by the mentioned catalyst under refluxing conditions. Easy working method, short reaction times, green solvent, and high yield of products are the advantages of this research. The catalyst was recycled and reused for five consecutive times without loss of its catalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134750
Qiyu Chen , Qian Liu , Ruipeng Shen , Zhiyuan Wang , Tao Ma , Baoxin Zhang , Dongzhu Duan
{"title":"Near-infrared fluorescent probe for real-time monitoring of sulfhydryl dynamics in acute alcoholic liver injury models","authors":"Qiyu Chen , Qian Liu , Ruipeng Shen , Zhiyuan Wang , Tao Ma , Baoxin Zhang , Dongzhu Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute alcoholic liver injury (AALI) is characterized by liver inflammation and dysfunction, primarily due to excessive alcohol consumption, which triggers oxidative stress and fatty degeneration. Thiols play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress-induced cell damage, owing to their antioxidant and detoxifying properties. Consequently, accurate monitoring of intracellular thiol levels is essential for assessing the severity and progression of AALI. To achieve this, we developed a series of near-infrared fluorescent probes by conjugating 2, 4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride with a dicyanoisophorone core. Comprehensive analysis revealed <strong>DIP-Br</strong> as the optimal probe, demonstrating exceptional thiol sensitivity, high selectivity, and rapid detection capability under physiological pH conditions. We then applied <strong>DIP-Br</strong> in cellular oxidative stress models and AALI mouse models, which revealed significant fluctuations in thiol levels. This finding underscores the probe's ability to monitor dynamic redox processes in vivo, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of AALI. Furthermore, <strong>DIP-Br</strong> demonstrates significant potential as a diagnostic and management tool for oxidative stress-related diseases, thereby advancing redox biology research and supporting the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134753
Xiaozhua Qin , Yao Liu , Hang Wu , Chenlin Xu , Lu Wang , Xinchao Wang , Ge Ding
{"title":"Construction of an AIE-active fluorescent probe for rapid detection of ClO− in intracellular and extracellular microenvironments of live cells","authors":"Xiaozhua Qin , Yao Liu , Hang Wu , Chenlin Xu , Lu Wang , Xinchao Wang , Ge Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypochlorite (ClO<sup>−</sup>) possesses properties of oxidation and plays an important role in defending against microbial attacks, thus, it is of great scientific and practical significance to develop a simple and convenient probe to recognize and detect ClO<sup>−</sup>. In this contribution, we have designed and constructed a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based AIE-active fluorescent probe <strong>TPEQ-ClO<sup>-</sup></strong> for rapid (within 100 s) and selective monitoring of ClO<sup>−</sup>, which contained a ClO<sup>−</sup> sensitive segment boronic ester, and in the presence of ClO<sup>−</sup>, the boronic ester group could be cut off and cause compound <strong>TPEQ</strong> formation, which turned on the AIE properties and realized dramatic enhancement in fluorescence intensity. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) further demonstrated the AIE behavior of compound <strong>TPEQ,</strong> optical experiments confirmed that the probe possessed high selectivity, fast response time, and low detection limit (0.32 nM). In addition, <strong>TPEQ-ClO<sup>-</sup></strong> displayed good cell penetration and lower cytotoxicity, which created a available condition for the detection of ClO<sup>−</sup> inside and outside cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogen-bond-induced Aza-Michael addition of imidazoles and quinones without additional base and DFT calculations","authors":"Wenjing Lu, Yongjun Zhang, Kun Bi, Zhirong Zhao, Xianqiang Huang, Guodong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We reported a hydrogen-bond-induced aza-Michael addition of imidazoles to quinones. For the reactions, a simple one-pot operation was conducted without any additives. A range of imidazoles reacted with quinones to yield the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields (31 examples, up to 92 % yield). Some drug and natural <em>N</em>-heterocyclic molecules were also compatible under these conditions. Notably, all reactant atoms were converted into the unique products, and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was recyclable. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the hydrogen-bond-induced process and elucidated the mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134752
Meijun Zhu , Lanqin Liu , Yujie Zhi , Hong Hou
{"title":"Visible-light mediated oxidative Diels-Alder reaction of hydroxylamines and 1,3-dienes","authors":"Meijun Zhu , Lanqin Liu , Yujie Zhi , Hong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Visible-light-photoredox-catalyzed oxidative Diels-Alder reaction of hydroxylamines and 1,3-dienes was developed, accessing to various 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazines in good to excellent isolated yields. Distinct advantages, including mild reaction conditions, air as the terminal oxidant, as well as exceptional substrate tolerance with the present protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134754
Ke Xu, Ruimin Wang, Wei Li, Yali Wang, Caifang Han
{"title":"Photoinduced oxidation of benzylic hydrogens using N-bromosuccinimide","authors":"Ke Xu, Ruimin Wang, Wei Li, Yali Wang, Caifang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A transition-metal-free protocol for direct oxidation of benzylic C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bonds to carbonyl groups using <em>N</em>-bromosuccinimide (NBS) has been developed. This oxidative protocol features remarkable operational simplicity, requiring neither solvent pretreatment nor inert atmosphere protection (N<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub>). The reaction proceeds rapidly under optimized conditions, affording the target products in moderate to good yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TetrahedronPub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2025.134746
Junwu Li , Rui Wang , Qing Huang , Wenxue Li , Zhenyu An , Yafeng Liu
{"title":"Electrochemical synthesis of 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles via TBAI-mediated desulfurative cyclization of isothiocyanates and hydrazines","authors":"Junwu Li , Rui Wang , Qing Huang , Wenxue Li , Zhenyu An , Yafeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tet.2025.134746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we present an electrochemical approach for the synthesis of 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles from <em>N</em>-acyl hydrazides and isothiocyanates. Using TBAI as the electrolyte enables a mild oxidative cyclization without the need for stoichiometric oxidants. The reaction proceeds <em>via</em> the <em>in situ</em> generation of a thiosemicarbazide intermediate, and demonstrated by its broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":437,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 134746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}