Iranian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Vibrio cholerae</i> and Its CtxA Toxin: A Comparative Study of the Histopathological and Related Changes in Albino Mice.","authors":"Khansaa Akram Hasan, Taghreed Khudhur Mohammed","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078533.3590","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078533.3590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>While <i>V. cholerae</i> primarily causes massive secretory diarrhea due to CT, whether CT in its purified form inflicts the same injurious effect on tissues seen in the presence of the whole bacteria in vivo is unknown. To examine the histopathological changes caused by different clinical <i>V. cholerae</i> isolates and their partially purified enterotoxin in an experimental model of the mouse, and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolate and ctxA gene carriage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 250 clinical samples of 200 stool and 50 rectal samples taken in Baghdad (2022 to 2023), and using culture, biochemical tests, and serotyping methods, <i>V. cholerae</i> was isolated. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method according to the CLSI 2022. ctxA gene was detected by conventional PCR. In the experiment, 6 weeks old mice received intraperitoneal injections of either partially purified toxin (2 dilutions corresponding to 55 and 45 μg/mL), live <i>V. cholerae</i> (10²-10⁸ CFU/mL), or normal saline (control). After 5 days, the liver, small intestine, and lungs were collected and subjected to histological examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>V. cholerae</i> was found in 20 of 250 specimens (8%) (18 by stool culture, 2 by rectal swabs). Of these, 8 (40%) were ctxA positive. The most frequent resistances were to ceftriaxone (90%), amoxicillin (90%), tetracycline (85%), gentamicin (80%), while the highest susceptibility was found for ceftazidime (95%), imipenem (90%) and streptomycin (90%). When tested in mice, the purified toxin caused localized injury to mucosa which led to neutrophilic infiltration with patchy ulceration. When the whole bacterium was inoculated, extensive mucosal necrosis and hemorrhage appeared, along with disruption of the intestinal architecture. The livers of mice exposed to either the toxin or the whole bacterium showed inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion of the central vein, patches of necrosis, and vacuolated hepatocytes. The changes in the lungs of both groups were mild (congestion and focal inflammatory infiltrates).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the conditions of our experiments, the whole <i>V. cholerae</i> produced extensive intestinal mucosal damage compared to the purified toxin, while similar effects were seen on the liver in both cases with only slight changes in the lung. These findings are of a descriptive nature and would require a quantitative assessment of tissues and a proper statistical analysis to support them.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"463-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Role of Circular RNAs Circ_0003972 and Circ-PTPN22 in Regulating Cytokine Expression in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Dargham Bayan Mohsen Hammad, Fadyia Mahdi Muslim Al-Ameedy","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2066696.3492","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2066696.3492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic inflammatory condition that gradually damages joints, leading to cartilage and joint tissue degeneration. It is associated with ongoing inflammation and an impaired immune system. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and cytokines play key roles in regulating inflammation and joint tissue homeostasis in osteoarthritis. This study aims to assess the expression of circular RNAs (circular RNA-0003972 and circular RNA-PTPN22) and cytokines (IL-33, IL-36, IL-38, IL-40) in postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis compared with healthy controls, as potential new biomarkers for osteoarthritis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study has a case-control design. Blood samples from 150 postmenopausal women (75 with newly diagnosed osteoarthritis and 75 healthy control subjects) were analyzed. Circular RNA 0003972, circular RNA-PTPN22, IL-33, IL-36, IL-38, and IL-40 were detected in peripheral blood from both groups using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), followed by bioinformatic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The levels of circular RNA 0003972 (p < 0.0001), circular RNA-PTPN22 (p < 0.001), and IL-40 (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in the osteoarthritis group, while IL-38 was produced at lower levels in this group (p < 0.0001). Further, there was no significant difference in the expression of IL-33 and IL-36 between the cohorts. Of particular interest was the positive association between circular RNA-PTPN22 and IL-40 (r = 0.4, p < 0.001), suggesting a potential role in modulating the immune response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our investigation found that patients with osteoarthritis had altered expression of specific circRNAs and cytokines (circular RNA 0003972, circular RNA-PTPN22, IL-38, and IL-40), which may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, particularly in postmenopausal women. However, longitudinal investigations are required to determine whether these molecules can serve as effective biomarkers for diagnosis, prediction, and therapy monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"382-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13348210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing HER2/neu Detection in Equivocal (Score +2) Breast Cancer by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) via Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH): A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Azad M Ahmed","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2073749.3555","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2073749.3555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Breast cancer is a major global health concern, with HER2/neu overexpression observed in 15%-20% of cases, often indicating a more aggressive disease. It is important to accurately assess HER2 status using IHC and confirm it with FISH testing to guide targeted therapy decisions. The goal of this study was to improve HER2/neu detection in equivocal breast cancer cases, determine the rate of amplification in score +2 cases using FISH, and evaluate the correlation between FISH results and patient demographics such as age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 336 archived breast cancer cases with equivocal HER2/neu IHC scores (+2) from 2018 to 2024. IHC initially assessed HER2 expression, and ZytoLight® SPEC ERBB2/CEN 17 probes were used for FISH confirmation. Cases were classified into 5 ASCO-CAP 2023-defined groups based on HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 copy number. Final HER2 status guided clinical decision-making regarding eligibility for targeted therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of patients were female (91.1%) and aged 40-49 years (29.2%). HER2-negative status was most prevalent (71.1%), while 24.4% were HER2-positive. A significant association was found between gender and HER2 status (P = 0.002), with males showing higher HER2 positivity. A HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥2.0 was strongly associated with HER2 amplification (P = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\u0000 <b>A significant association was observed between ERBB2 expression and gender, particularly with the HER2/CEP17 ratio, highlighting the importance of molecular profiling. Most patients (71.1%) belonged to Group 5, indicating HER2 negativity. These findings emphasize the clinical importance of precise HER2 testing, particularly in equivocal and male cases.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"232-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of PPD Conversion Rate in Patients Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Inhibitor Drugs.","authors":"Mohsen Meidani, Faranak Nasseri, Abdolrahman Rostamian, Zahra Saffarian, Neda Alijani, Parvin Rezaie, Ali Ferdosi, Amirhossein Hajialigol, Mohammadreza Shafiei, Shila Aghayani","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2076748.3574","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2076748.3574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are widely used in rheumatologic diseases but may increase the risk of primary tuberculosis (TB) infection or reactivation. Purified protein derivative (PPD) conversion is an important indicator of latent TB in immunosuppressed patients. This study aimed to determine the rate of PPD conversion and associated factors in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included adults with rheumatologic diseases who initiated anti-TNF therapy between March 2021 and September 2023. Patients with prior TB, previous anti-TNF exposure, or a positive baseline PPD were excluded. A PPD test was performed before treatment and repeated one year later. An induration ≥5 mm at follow-up was considered conversion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty patients completed the study (mean age 44.29 ± 14.70 years; 56.7% male). Six patients (10.0%) demonstrated PPD conversion after one year of anti-TNF therapy. Most conversions occurred in individuals with psoriatic arthritis (66.6%). No cases of active TB were detected clinically or radiologically. Statistical analysis showed no significant association between PPD conversion and age, sex, disease duration, anti-TNF type, methotrexate or corticosteroid use, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension. Psoriatic arthritis was the only factor significantly associated with conversion (P = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ten percent of patients receiving anti-TNF therapy developed PPD conversion, indicating new latent TB infection. Psoriatic arthritis was significantly associated with conversion, while medication type and other clinical factors were not. These findings support routine annual TB screening in anti-TNF recipients, particularly in regions with moderate or high TB prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"186-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-PCR Diagnostic Efficacy in Comparison with Traditional Methods in Patients with Septic Arthritis.","authors":"Erta Rajabi, Kousha Farhadi, Malihe Hasannezhad, Mahsa Azadbakhsh, Alireza Abdollahi, Seyed Hadi Kalantar, Sara Ghaderkhani","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2058193.3456","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2058193.3456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Septic arthritis is an emergent condition caused by an infection of the joint synovial fluid. If left untreated, it can lead to irreversible damage to the affected joint. Our study focused on providing a concise profile of the Iranian population and the diagnostic roles of synovial pan-PCR and culture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In an observational study, we evaluated the characteristics of all patients diagnosed with septic arthritis and admitted to a teaching center hospital complex. We extracted and analyzed the study of population's demographics and laboratory values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 50 patients diagnosed with septic arthritis. 56% of our study population were male, and the mean age was 50.48. There were significant associations between synovial WBC counts and positive synovial culture results. Further comparison of the two diagnostic methods revealed higher pan-PCR accuracy than synovial culture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pan-PCR may have higher diagnostic accuracy than synovial culture in hospitalized patients with septic arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes and Predictive Factors in Adrenalectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Seyed Alireza Mirsharifi, Shirzad Nasiri, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Mohammadamin Parsaei","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2052015.3407","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2052015.3407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Adrenal tumors present a notable prevalence of 4-7% in individuals above 40 years old. Current guidelines recommend adrenalectomy for hormone-secreting, potentially malignant, or large (>4 cm) lesions. However, the outcomes of adrenalectomy and their clinical-pathological associations remain poorly defined. This study assessed adrenalectomy outcomes and explored its clinical, demographic, and pathologic correlates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of all patients who underwent adrenalectomy from March 2016 to March 2021 at a referral center in Tehran were reviewed. Also, a clinical follow-up via telephone was conducted. The chi-square test, independent t-test, and analysis of variance were utilized for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from a total of 75 patients (55 females) were reviewed. The mean age of the participants was 42.67 years. Of them, 60%, 22.7%, 14.7%, and 1.3% had pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome, and insulinoma, respectively. Malignancy was associated with greater tumor size (p<0.000) and mitotic rate (p=0.046), and the presence of necrosis (p=0.001), and capsular and vascular invasion (p<0.000). Clinical follow-up visits of 45 patients indicated 84.4% showed a complete response to the treatment (surgical ± medical). Treatment response was significantly influenced by approach (laparoscopic favored; p=0.001), surgery duration (<150 minutes better; p=0.017), mass pathology (adenoma favored; p=0.034), and capsular invasion (absence better; p=0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adrenalectomy outcomes were significantly affected by surgical approach and tumor pathology, notably capsular invasion. Larger studies are needed to determine the predictive values of clinical and pathologic variables in adrenalectomy for adrenal tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes for Improved Cancer Outcomes.","authors":"Gunvanti Rathod, Pragnesh Parmar","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2068603.3502","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2068603.3502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"143-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARID1A, β-Catenin and P53 Immunohistochemical Expression: Diagnostic Value in Endometrial Carcinoma and Premalignant Endometrial Lesions.","authors":"Passant A El-Sheikh, Asmaa Bedeer, Dareen A Mohamed, Fersan Sallam, Fatma MKh Ibrahim","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2079758.3599","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2079758.3599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Although the role of atypical endometrial hyperplasia as a precursor lesion of endometrial carcinoma (EC) has been well documented, the molecular pathogenesis underlying malignant progression remains largely unclear. The current work aimed to evaluate the role of ARID1A, β-catenin, and p53 expression in differentiating between endometrial carcinoma and precancerous endometrial lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight cases of endometrial carcinoma (EC) and 14 cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of ARID1A, β-catenin, and p53.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Combining ARID1A and β-catenin enhanced diagnostic performance. For distinguishing endometrioid carcinoma from AEH/EIN, the combination achieved a sensitivity of 70% and an accuracy of 70.5%, though with lower specificity (71.4%) than ARID1A alone. For differentiating endometrioid from non-endometrioid carcinoma, the combined markers showed higher sensitivity (86.7%) and accuracy (83.3%) but reduced specificity (77.8%) compared with ARID1A alone. The triple combination of ARID1A, β-catenin, and p53 increased specificity (92.9%) for distinguishing endometrioid carcinoma from AEH/EIN compared with individual markers or the ARID1A-β-catenin double panel, but markedly decreased sensitivity (53.3%). In contrast, for differentiating endometrioid from non-endometrioid carcinoma, the triple panel achieved superior sensitivity (87.7%), specificity (94.4%), and accuracy (91.5%) relative to each marker alone or the ARID1A-β-catenin combination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The role of ARID1A, β-catenin, and p53 in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma (EC) is complex, as these markers are involved in distinct but interconnected molecular pathways that contribute to tumorigenesis. Their combined analysis can help classify endometrial carcinoma subtypes and may guide personalized treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"425-436"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13351379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Therapeutics: A Paradigm Shift in Pathology and Precision Medicine.","authors":"Gunvanti Rathod, Pragnesh Parmar","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078730.3591","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078730.3591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"337-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Endosonography and Cytopathology in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Masses: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Maryam Vajihinejad, Ali Hatefi Ardakani, Ashkan Moradi, Roya Sadat Hosseini Hemmat Abadi","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2062736.3475","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2062736.3475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest malignancies, with an increasing incidence and a 5-year survival rate below 10%. Due to the lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic markers, its identification remains challenging. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become an invaluable staging tool, particularly when CT scans fail to reveal masses. When combined with fine needle aspiration (FNA) or fine needle biopsy (FNB), EUS facilitates diagnostic confirmation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 at Shahid Sadoughi University of Yazd and involved 110 patients. Data on age, gender, pathology diagnosis, and findings from EUS, FNA, and FNB were retrospectively collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 110 patients, 74 (67%) were male and 36 (33%) were female, with a mean age of 61.5 years. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant diagnosis, accounting for 70% of cases. The most common clinical presentations were abdominal pain (observed in 75% of patients), jaundice, and weight loss. There was 85% agreement between EUS and pathological results. A malignant mass was identified in 69% of FNA cases, with the pancreatic head most frequently involved. Notably, diagnostic concordance between FNA and FNB reached complete agreement (100%) in lesions located in the pancreatic tail.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\u0000 <b>The robust correlation between EUS and cytopathological findings and the outstanding agreement between FNA and FNB underscore the pivotal role of integrating these techniques for accurate pancreatic mass diagnosis. These findings validate the current diagnostic practices and provide new insights that can potentially improve patient outcomes.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"216-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}