Iranian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Role of Notch1 Signaling Pathway in Small Cell Lung Carcinoma.","authors":"Mohammed Ahmed Charbat, Yousuf Hafez Abdulhalim, Mohammed Abdullatif Alrabeei, Wael Abdo Hassan","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2013339.3184","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2013339.3184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death around the globe. It is generally divided into small-cell and non-small-cell lung carcinomas. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant tumor characterized by rapid growth, high metastatic potential, and a frequent rate of relapse after chemotherapy. All the features may worse aggressiveness of this cancer and increase the possibility of unsuccessful therapeutic attempts. Notch1 signaling is a crucial molecular pathway in the regulation of many cellular functions, including cell-cell communication and gene regulation. Moreover, it was proposed previously that Notch1 might be oncogenic in various types of cancer, but the question arises as to why many SCLC cell lines do not express this pathway. This review aims to explore the role of this complex pathway in SCLC in both vitro and vivo studies and whether it has a tumor-promoting or suppressive effect. After an extensive literature review, it was found that the expression of Notch1 signaling in SCLC reduces its proliferative ability while promoting increased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, it reduces cell motility, invasion, and metastatic ability and enhances cell-cell adhesion by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, it contributes to cell chemo-resistance by altering multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1), demonstrating an overall tumor-suppressive effect. Given these findings, induction of Notch1 using histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) may be a potential future therapeutic strategy for SCLC management. Nevertheless, the effect of such a sophisticated signaling pathway in tumor carcinogenesis can't be generalized to all human cancers, and further studies are needed to better tailor therapeutic plans based on the specific cellular context.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 4","pages":"365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Analytical Case-Control Study of COVID-19 Positive Versus Negative Patients for Subclinical Placental Dysfunction.","authors":"Poojan Dogra Marwaha, Jyoti Bala, Suchi Sharma, Asmita Kaundal, Neha Chauhan","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2017566.3225","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2017566.3225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Placenta provides nutrition and protection from various infections and toxins to the baby while they are in the mother's womb. The present study was done to see the effects of coronavirus infection on the placenta of infected mothers and the final pregnancy outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 antenatal women (25 infected with coronavirus and 25 uninfected women) were enrolled and their placentae were examined for any significant histopathological changes. These changes were then correlated with the final pregnancy outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant number of placentae from infected mothers demonstrated features of maternal (54%) and fetal malperfusion (76%). However, no significant adverse pregnancy outcome was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased rates of maternal malperfusion, and fetal malperfusion may be seen in placentae from infected women. However, these changes may not progress to any adverse fetal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 3","pages":"300-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 and Fungal Coinfections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study.","authors":"Sadegh Khodavaisy, Haleh Sarrafnia, Alireza Abdollahi","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2010087.3160","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2010087.3160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Fungal co-infections increase the incidence and mortality of viral respiratory tract infections. This study systematically reviews and conducts a meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 patients with fungal coinfections. The aim is to provide a concise overview of the impact of these infections on patient outcomes especially association with risk of mortality, informing future research and optimizing patient management strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify relevant studies on COVID-19 patients, we conducted a systematic search of databases from the beginning of the year until July 2023, including fungal co-infections, mortality, and sequelae. Eligibility criteria were developed using the PICO framework, and data extraction was carried out separately by two authors using standard techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using the correlation model and differences between studies were evaluated using the I2 test. R and RStudio were used for statistical analysis and visualization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We initially identified 6,764 studies, and after checking for equivalence and consistency, 41 studies were included in the final analysis. The overall COVID-19 odds ratio for people who died from fungal infections was 2.65, indicating that patients infected with both COVID-19 and fungal infections had a higher risk of death compared to patients with COVID-19 alone. Specifically, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has a higher odds ratio of 3.36, while COVID-19-associated candidiasis (CAC) has an odds ratio of 1.84, and both are much more associated with death. However, coinfection of the fungus with other fungal species did not show a significant difference in the risk of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified CAPA and CAC as the most common infections acquired in healthcare settings. Fungal coinfections may be associated with an increased risk of death in COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 2","pages":"136-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological Examination of Lung Necropsy of 11 Patients Who Died Due to COVID-19: A Case Series.","authors":"Bahram Nikkhoo, Karim Naseri, Ramyar Rahimi Darehbagh, Mehrdad Habiby, Bahar Moasses-Ghafari","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2023.2008773.3153","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2023.2008773.3153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is known to present with acute respiratory distress syndrome pathological manifestations. Studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 can develop diffuse alveolar damage, acute bronchopneumonia, necrotic bronchiolitis, and viral pneumonia. In this study, we investigated 11 cases. Needle necropsies of 11 patients, hospitalized at Tohid and Kowsar hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, with a positive antemortem SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) real-time PCR test, were fixated within 3 hours after death in the negative-pressure isolation morgue. The participants included six men (54%) and five women (46%) with a mean age of 73.82±10.58 (52-86) years old. The average hospitalization was 14.27±15.72 days. The results showed interstitial lymphocytic pneumonitis in most of the cases, varied from mild to moderate and up to severe in some cases. In 7 cases, anthracosis was noted, while one case demonstrated anthracosis with fibrosis. The hyaline membrane was reported in two patients. In one case, severe interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia with intra-alveolar exudate with organization, lithiasis, bronchiolitis pattern (BOOP), intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and mild fibrosis were seen. As a result, it is suggested to keep an eye on these pathologies in management of the severe cases of COVID-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 1","pages":"126-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of CTLA4 and pSTAT3 Immunostaining in Prognosis and Treatment of the Colorectal Carcinoma.","authors":"Dina Mohamed Allam, Hend Kasem, Amira Hegazy, Shereen F Mahmoud","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2009619.3158","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2009619.3158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-caused death worldwide and constitutes about 6.48% of all malignancies in Egypt. Studying the molecular profile of CRC is essential for developing targeted therapies. STAT3 and CTLA4 expression are considered as molecular abnormalities involved in the CRC progression and chemo-resistance. Therefore, they could be used as potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to evaluate pSTAT3 and CTLA4 expression levels and their possible roles as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC using immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 113 CRC patients. Tissue microarrays were constructed, followed by pSTAT3 and CTLA4 antibodies immunostaining. Their expression was assessed and compared with the clinicopathological parameters and survival data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both pSTAT3 and CTLA4 overexpression were significantly associated with poor prognostic parameters, such as the presence of distant metastasis (<i>P</i>=0.02 & 0.03), high grade (<i>P</i><0.001 & 0.03), high mitotic count (<i>P</i><0.001 & 0.03), high tumor budding group (<i>P</i>=0.008 & 0.04), infiltrating tumor border (<i>P</i><0.001 & 0.007) respectively, and advanced pathological stage with pSTAT3 (<i>P</i>=0.02). A significant association was found between overexpression of both markers and short overall survival. Correlations between the H-score of pSTAT3 and CTLA4 in CRC showed a significant positive correlation (<i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>STAT3 and CTLA4 positivity may be linked to the development and progression of the CRC, and they may provide potential prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets for CRC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 1","pages":"89-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity Assessment of Antibiotics Used Against Different Bacterial Etiological Agents of UTI in Najaf, Iraq.","authors":"Mohammed Jasim Al-Shamarti","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2027209.3293","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2027209.3293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI) is increasing nowadays, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance patterns of many pathogens toward several antibiotics that are in common use in our hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subculture and identification of pathogenic bacteria were performed on 1148 hospitals' bacterial primary cultures which were considered positive for UTI. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by using the disc diffusion method. The rates of resistance were statistically analyzed and correlated with the types of antibiotics and bacteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that 1148 out of 2087 urine samples were UTI positive, the majority of cases (76%) were from females (<i>P</i><0.0001). <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> were the most isolated Gram-negative bacteria, while Staphylococcus spp. was the most isolated Gram-positive pathogen. E. coli showed the highest resistance rate among all bacteria, while Streptococcus spp. was the most sensitive. The highest resistance was noticed to be against gentamicin and ampicillin, while the most effective drugs were imipenem and amikacin. There was a significant difference in resistance rates among the different bacterial categories (<i>P</i><0.0001), while no significant difference was noticed in resistance rates among antibiotics categories (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated rates of antibiotic resistance were noticed in this study in UTI-causing bacteria; therefore, it is highly important at least to every general hospital to investigate the antibiotic resistance rates occasionally to determine the proper antimicrobial treatment as well as re-evaluate antibiotics which were considered as empirical.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 3","pages":"348-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in CD24 Expression Between Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Mahdi Sajedifar, Atieh Jafarabadi Ashtiani, Mohammadreza Jalali Nadoushan","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2021959.3251","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2021959.3251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong><i>CD24</i> is a small, highly glycosylated membrane protein whose expression is associated with tumorigenesis and the progression of several types of cancer. Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the most common cancers in men, and microscopic Gleason grading is an important factor affecting prognosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of <i>CD24</i> and its relationship with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Gleason grade in prostate adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 163 patients, with an average age of 70.63±9.05 years, including 78 (47.9%) patients with prostate adenocarcinoma and 85 (52.1%) patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia., referred to Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Tehran between 2018 and 2021, who underwent open prostatectomy or Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate (TURP). Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate <i>CD24</i> expression, and Gleason grade was determined in the case of prostate adenocarcinoma. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 and a P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The percentage and intensity of <i>CD24</i> staining in prostate adenocarcinoma patients was significantly higher than in BPH patients (<i>P</i><0.05). Gleason score strongly correlated with the percentage and intensity of <i>CD24</i> staining (<i>P</i><0.05). The immunoreactive score, obtained by multiplying the <i>CD24</i> expression percentage with staining intensity, was also significantly related to the Gleason score (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>CD24</i> expression can be considered as a factor in differentiating cases of prostate adenocarcinoma from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Also, a high level of this marker can indicate the progress of prostate cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 3","pages":"306-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Neuropathy in Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Deficiency due to a Variant in <i>HADHA</i> Gene.","authors":"Samaneh Abedidoust, Reza-Shervin Badv, Amitis Saliani, Aileen Azari-Yam","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2010490.3163","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.2010490.3163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a 4.5-year-old girl with recurrent episodes of bilateral lower limb weakness following periods of upper respiratory tract infection since the age of 1.5 years. Nerve conduction velocity and electromyography studies suggested distal motor neuropathy. The whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a homozygous variant, c.955G>A (p.Gly319Ser), of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein α-subunit (HADHA) gene. This variant has already been reported as pathogenic in an Iranian consanguineous family with a probable diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In addition, this variant, in compound heterozygosity with another likely pathogenic variant, has been known to be linked with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 3","pages":"355-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bilateral Wolffian Adnexal Tumor with Malignant Behavior: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review.","authors":"Shabnam Mashhadi, Fereshteh Ameli, Shahrzad Sheikhhasani, Sara Parviz, Fatemeh Nili, Behnaz Jahanbin, Arezoo Esmailzadeh","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2024.1999797.3095","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2024.1999797.3095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wolffian adnexal tumors (FATWOs) originate from the mesonephric duct remnants. FATWOs are extremely rare and 100 incidental FATWOs have been reported in the English literature as of now. Most FATWOs have low potential for malignancy but aggressive behavior including recurrence and metastasis have been described in few cases; There is no standard protocol for optimal treatment of FATWOs. The case described here is a 35-year-old female who presented with a right-side ovarian mass via abdominal ultrasound. She had a history of left salpingo-oophorectomy due to an abdominal mass, which both histopathologic and immunohistochemical study's findings were consistent with Wolffian tumor. Later, she underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with tumor debulking because of the probable malignant behavior of the tumor. FATWO has a heterogeneous histologic pattern which may make its diagnosis challenging. No specific immunohistochemical markers have yet been recognized for FATWO and pathogenesis or molecular alterations are not definitive. Therefore, there is no comprehensive recommendation for optimal clinical management of FATWO or its recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 4","pages":"453-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of <i>Human Papillomavirus</i> Genotypes among Women with Genital Wart Using Molecular Hybridization Methods.","authors":"Zahra Shahriyari, Mohammad Niakan, Zahra Soleimani","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2013097.3182","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2013097.3182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong><i>Human papillomavirus</i> (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, which can lead to virus-related cancers. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of HPV genotypes in women with genital warts referred to available laboratories in Tehran by molecular hybridization method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on the genital warts of 67 women aged 20-50, who were referred to the clinics of Afshar, Namad, Mani, and Al-Mohammed in Tehran province. Viral DNA was extracted using Add prep genomic DNA extraction kit, and genotyping was studied using HPV Direct Flow CHIP Kit. Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPV was reported to be positive in all cases. The most common low-risk genotype involved was type 6, with 30 cases (44.77%), and the most common high-risk genotype involved was type 16, with 4 cases (5.97%) in the total population. Among the patients examined, there were 16 cases with multiple infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed that low-risk genotypes may be responsible for majority of the genital warts. High-risk genotypes and simultaneous infection with several genotypes could also be common in genital wart samples. Therefore, controlling HPV infection is important, especially in patients with high-risk genotypes. HPV genotyping should be considered in diagnosis and prevention of HPV-related cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"19 4","pages":"431-440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}