Iranian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Dose-Dependent Effects of Intratesticular Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection on Heat-Induced Spermatogenesis Disorder in Wistar Rats: Focus on Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress.","authors":"Maryam Arbabi Dastgerd, Saeedeh Shojaeepour, Masoud Imani, Reza Bahramnezhad, Mona Saheli, Shahriar Dabiri","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2063503.3477","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2063503.3477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Spermatogenesis is a temperature-dependent process, and testicular heat stress can cause spermatogenic failure by inducing cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, ultimately leading to male infertility. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) have been considered an effective therapy for various tissue degenerations, demonstrating the ability to stimulate testicular regeneration and restore spermatogenesis. The current study focuses on the therapeutic potential of AMSCs on semen quality, testicular morphological changes, and oxidative stress parameters in rats exposed to heat stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental study, 35 adult male rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Group I (control), Group II (vehicle), Group III (heat stress group, temperature-humidity index: 43 °C for 20 minutes), and Groups IV and V (treatment groups receiving 0.5×10⁶ and 1×10⁶ AMSCs, respectively, on the second and fifteenth days after heat stress induction). Sixty days after heat stress exposure, the animals were euthanized; serum testosterone levels and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed, and the testes and epididymis were collected for histological and sperm evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scrotal heat stress caused deleterious effects on testicular histological structure and function. Testosterone levels and total antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced in the heat stress group. The 1×10⁶ AMSCs-treated group showed moderately preserved testicular tissue morphology. Apoptotic spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes decreased significantly in the AMSCs treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde levels and total antioxidant capacity were also improved. Progressive sperm motility, sperm count, and viability were notably enhanced in the AMSCs-treated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A single dose-dependent injection of AMSCs demonstrated regenerative properties that improved with increasing cell number. Overall, administration of 1×10⁶ AMSCs can alleviate testicular damage and promote the spermatogenesis process in testicular hyperthermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"68-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic Findings in Sleeve Gastrectomy Specimens: Is Routine Pathological Examination Always Necessary?","authors":"Safa Nourani, Elham Mirzaian, Mahdis Khazaeli Najafabadi, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Salma Sefidbakht, Abdolreza Pazouki","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2032599.3316","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2032599.3316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>There are limited findings regarding histopathological changes in sleeve gastrectomy samples and their relationship with preoperative clinical and histopathological characteristics. The present study aims to assess histopathological findings in sleeve gastrectomy samples and identify the main determinants of these changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed demographic, preoperative clinical, histological, and endoscopic findings of 258 patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Postoperative pathological findings were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic examination revealed pathological findings in 212 samples (82.2%). The most common histopathological finding reported in patients was chronic gastritis, present in approximately 67.1% of cases, followed by active gastritis in 13.6%. Additionally, 19.0% of patients tested positive for helicobacter pylori infection. A significant association was found between the history of hyperlipidemia and helicobacter pylori positivity (p = 0.039). Before surgery, 80 patients (41.7%) had normal endoscopic results, while at least one significant abnormal finding was observed in 58.3% of cases. However, there was no significant relationship between preoperative endoscopic findings and histopathological changes after surgery in almost all examined patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Histopathological examination of sleeve gastrectomy samples reveals a high prevalence of abnormal findings, including active gastritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia requiring therapeutic management. However, tracking these changes in biopsy samples obtained from endoscopy before surgery may not be sufficient to predict the histopathological findings after sleeve gastrectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Bilateral Breast: An Exceptional Occurrence.","authors":"Garima Dhull, Mukta Pujani, Varsha Chauhan, Aniruna Dey, Neha Garg, Neha Raghav, Sonali Madaan, Kartik Kaul","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2069045.3521","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2069045.3521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the breast is an exceptionally rare subtype accounting for only 0.04% to 2.7% of all breast cancers. Pure SRCC is characterized by the presence of >90% signet ring cells and exhibits an aggressive clinical profile often associated with higher histologic grade, lympho-vascular invasion, hormone receptor positivity, and low HER2 expression. Differentiating primary mammary SRCC from metastases from gastrointestinal primary, especially in elderly patients with bilateral presentations is of prime importance. Immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in this regard with primary breast SRCCs displaying ER, GATA3 and CK7 positivity and CK20 and CDX2 negativity. We report a case of bilateral signet ring cell carcinoma breast in an 82 year-old female. This case highlights the significance of recognising SRCC breast as a distinct pathological entity and thorough evaluation in case of bilateral presentation as it is exceptionally uncommon and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"315-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on TP53 Mutation Among Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Fereshteh Ameli, Alireza Abdollahi, Aida Valizadeh, Aysan Nozheh","doi":"10.22034/2026.2069878.3518","DOIUrl":"10.22034/2026.2069878.3518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a biologically diverse malignancy influenced by genetic abnormalities, with TP53 mutations playing a key role. Found in 5-10% of de novo AML and more common in therapy-related and secondary AML, TP53 mutations correlate with poor prognosis, chemoresistance, and reduced survival due to defective apoptosis and increased leukemic proliferation. These mutations often coexist with complex karyotypes and are more frequent in older patients, highlighting the need for improved prognostic tools and targeted therapies. This systematic review assessed the prognostic impact of TP53 mutations on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in adult AML.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through January 2025 for studies reporting OS and/or RFS by TP53 mutation status in adult AML. Data on study design, patient demographics, mutation frequency, and outcomes were extracted. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for OS and RFS were calculated using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 65 studies comprising over 6,000 adult AML patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled HR for OS in TP53-mutated patients was 2.22 (95% CI: 2.08-2.37), indicating significantly worse survival than wild-type patients. For RFS, the pooled HR was 2.25 (95% CI: 1.98-2.56), reflecting a higher relapse risk. Heterogeneity was moderate for OS (I²=71%, p<0.01) and low for RFS (I²=0%, p=0.58).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TP53 mutations strongly predict poorer overall and relapse-free survival in adult AML, supporting their integration into clinical risk models and emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic approaches in this high-risk subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"153-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Transformation of a Brain Neurenteric Cyst: A Case Report.","authors":"Sareh Etemad, Golnaz Ghayyem Hassankhani, Masoumeh Gharib","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078764.3596","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078764.3596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Neurenteric cysts (NCs) are rare, benign congenital anomalies originating from the endoderm, and they rarely undergo malignant transformation. Only a small number of such cases have been reported in the literature.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 55-year-old man presented with a one-month history of headache and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a 49 × 41 × 54 mm solid mass in the left frontal lobe, extending into the frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses as well as the left orbit. The patient underwent craniotomy for tumor resection. Histopathology showed small remnants of a neurenteric cyst wall with squamous metaplasia and malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Immunohistochemistry revealed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) positivity in the cyst wall, focal epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) positivity in the tumor component, and diffuse nuclear expression of mutant p53 and Ki-67 in more than 80% of tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We report a rare case of an intracranial NC that underwent malignant transformation into SCC. Intracranial SCC arising from an NC is uncommon. Moreover, unlike typical NCs, the lesion appeared as a solid mass without any visible cystic component on imaging, and cystic remnants were detected only microscopically. The absence of typical imaging features makes diagnosis challenging and highlights the importance of histopathologic examination for definitive diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"479-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Ectopic Cartilaginous Nodule on the Left Cheek: A Rare Diagnostic Challenge.","authors":"Zohreh Khodashenas, Hanieh Pourkalhor, Mehri Vafadar","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078135.3584","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078135.3584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Congenital cutaneous lesions containing mature cartilage are exceedingly rare and often of uncertain histogenesis.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 17-year-old male with a lifelong left cheek nodule underwent complete excision and histopathologic examination. Microscopy revealed a deep dermal island of mature hyaline cartilage without atypia, associated epithelial components, or adnexal hyperplasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings represent ectopic cartilage of unclear etiology. Connective tissue nevus with cartilaginous differentiation and chondroma cutis are favored considerations. Complete excision was curative, with an excellent cosmetic outcome at 5-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"489-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis, a Life-Threatening Event in the Background of an Immunosuppressive Condition: A Case Report.","authors":"Reihane Chegini, Ali Zare-Mirzaei, Mohammad Eslami","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2071232.3535","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2071232.3535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>In patients with COVID-19, immunocompromised conditions or immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids, may predispose them to invasive fungal infections affecting the sinuses and brain. We describe a case of COVID-19 infection complicated by rhinocerebral mucormycosis, diagnosed through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 32-year-old woman with a history of COVID-19 1 month prior, treated with high-dose corticosteroids, presented with rapidly progressive neurological symptoms, including lower extremity paralysis. Imaging revealed an intracranial hemorrhage and a mass-like lesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cytological CSF analysis showed acute inflammation and fungal elements consistent with mucormycosis. Despite antifungal treatment, the patient's condition deteriorated; she developed a thromboembolism and ultimately died.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"473-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13356597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148431273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) With Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer.","authors":"Pummi Kumari, Ruchi Sinha, Alok Ranjan, Surabhi Ajit, Tarun Kumar, Jagjit Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078744.3592","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2078744.3592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Indian women. Inflammation and the tumor microenvironment have a significant influence on cancer development, progression, immune surveillance, and response to therapy. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are simple, measurable markers of subclinical inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the association of NLR and PLR with the molecular subtypes and clinicopathological parameters of BC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based study was conducted on 228 BC patients. Cases were classified into four molecular subtypes, which were further divided into Group A with a good prognosis (Luminal A and Luminal B) and Group B with a poor prognosis (HER2-enriched and TNBC). Cutoff values for NLR and PLR were calculated using the ROC curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cutoff values for NLR and PLR were 2.64 and 90, respectively. NLR was significantly higher (≥2.64) in TNBC (70.6%) and lower (<2.64) in Luminal A (79.2%). Elevated NLR and PLR were associated with clinical T stage (P=0.005 and P=0.028), high PI (P=0.006 and P=0.029), and advanced stage (P=0.002 and P=0.026). A high PLR (≥90) was observed in 60.3% of advanced BC cases, compared to 39.7% of early BC cases. NLR and PLR were negatively correlated with ER and PR (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant correlation was observed between high NLR and PLR and adverse prognostic clinico-pathological factors in breast cancer. NLR and PLR could serve as valuable, cost-effective markers for prognosis and prediction in breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13348209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148425230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Levels of Coagulation Factors in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Bahram Memar, Ali Moradi, Shohreh Khatami, Hassan Vosoughinia, Mitra Ahadi","doi":"10.30699/IJP.2025.2061251.3460","DOIUrl":"10.30699/IJP.2025.2061251.3460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is described by increased coagulability and prothrombotic state and can be associated with coagulopathies. Although many causes of increased coagulability and thrombosis have been reported in IBD, there is no definitive evidence for most of them. This study aimed to define the changes in Blood Coagulation Factors in patients with IBD compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, serum levels of protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and Homocysteine were evaluated in 59 patients with a confirmed IBD, (23 with Crohn disease and 36 with ulcerative colitis) (case group) and 29 healthy individuals (control group) matched for age and gender.</p><p><strong>Results & conclusion: </strong>Significant differences were found in all five studied markers between IBD and non-IBD patients (protein C (P=0.033), protein S (P=0.006), antithrombin III (P<0.001), fibrinogen (P=0.016) and Homocysteine ​​(P<0.001)), however, multivariate analysis showed a significant role for only Homocysteine (OR=0.957, 95%CI: 0.93-0.986, P=0.003) in predicting IBD. Regarding the results, it can be alleged that despite the significant difference in the level of Blood Coagulation Factors between the IBD and non-IBD patients, only the serum level of Homocysteine has a predictive role for IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"106-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-1β and MicroRNA-146a as Prognostic and Diagnostic Markers of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complexity.","authors":"Saeed Mohammadi, Haider Fazel Hassan, Mojtaba Zare-Ebrahimabad, Fakhri Sadat Seyedhosseini, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Yaghoub Yazdani","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2057190.3438","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2057190.3438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulated autoantibody production and diverse clinical manifestations. Despite advances in research, the diagnosis and management of SLE remain challenging. This study evaluated plasma levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and microRNA-146a (miR-146a) in patients with SLE and explored their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 100 patients with SLE and 100 healthy controls. Patients with SLE were further classified into newly diagnosed (ND; n=50) and under treatment (UT; n=50) subgroups. Plasma IL-1β levels were quantified using ELISA, and circulating miR-146a expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with SLE exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of IL-1β and miR-146a compared with healthy controls. ND patients demonstrated the highest concentrations of both biomarkers. Among patients with SLE, those with lupus nephritis (LN) showed markedly elevated IL-1β levels compared with those without LN. Longitudinal analysis during a 24-week follow-up indicated that higher baseline IL-1β levels were associated with an increased risk of LN development, supporting its potential prognostic relevance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-1β and miR-146a are elevated in patients with SLE, with IL-1β levels correlating with new-onset disease and LN development. These findings suggest that IL-1β and miR-146a may serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosing, monitoring, and predicting disease progression in SLE, although further validation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}