Iranian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Expression of HLA Classes I and II in Neonatal Cholestatic Liver Disease.","authors":"Doha Maher Taie, Salma Abdel Megeed Nagi, Sally Waheed Elkhadry, Yahya Fayed, Mohamed Mohamady, Walaa Gaber El Gendy","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2025.2068085.3503","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2025.2068085.3503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Neonatal cholestasis (NC) is a significant clinical condition involving hepatobiliary dysfunction, often accompanied by immunological alterations regardless of etiology. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) molecules, particularly classes I and II, play roles in autoimmune liver diseases. Previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding their expression in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes under normal and pathological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of HLA I and II in NC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis included 45 pediatric NC cases: 27 with biliary atresia (BA), 13 with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), and 5 with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH). Twenty normal liver samples from adult transplant donors served as controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate HLA I and II expression in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Control livers lacked detectable HLA I and II expression. In NC cases, HLA I was expressed in hepatocytes (84.4%) and all cholangiocytes, while HLA II was expressed in both cell types across all cases. BA cases showed significantly higher cholangiocyte expression of HLA I (p = 0.001) and II (p < 0.001) compared to PFIC and INH. HLA I expression was linked to cholangiocyte proliferation (p = 0.005) and inversely with lobular inflammation (p = 0.027). Strong HLA II expression in hepatocytes correlated with severe portal inflammation (p = 0.048), while in cholangiocytes, to proliferation, neutrophilic cholangitis (p = 0.05), and mild lobular inflammation (p = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HLA I and II are upregulated in NC, especially in BA, which correlates with disease severity, suggesting a role in pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Collision Carcinoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Zahra Miri, Sareh Etemad, Golnaz Ghayyem Hassankhani, Mahsa Akbari Oryani","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2077955.3588","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2077955.3588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Thyroid cancer is one of the most prevalent endocrine neoplasms. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are two different types of thyroid cancers. The synchronous occurrence of PTC and MTC is a rare phenomenon, but it can present as a thyroid collision tumor. The purpose of this case report is to highlight a rare presentation of a collision tumor and its associated diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In this case report, a 61-year-old female patient presented with a painless anterior neck mass and voice hoarseness. She had a previous history of benign multinodular goiter and left lobectomy. Preoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of neck lymph nodes showed malignant epithelioid cells with anisonucleosis, plasmacytoid and spindle-like morphology, consistent with metastatic carcinoma, likely MTC. She underwent completion total thyroidectomy and histopathology investigations post-operation showed PTC in right lobe and the remnant of left lobe, and concurrent MTC was detected in two out of two central lymph nodes. On follow up patient had no signs of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of careful histological assessment of thyroid masses and lymph nodes for accurate diagnosis and the importance of long-term follow up after subtotal thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"332-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential IDH1 Immunohistochemical Expression Across the Pathologically Stratified Spectrum of Intraepithelial and Invasive Laryngeal Squamous Cell Lesions.","authors":"Nora Tawhid Abdelfattah El-Zohery, Sara Mohamad Abou-Fandoud, Asmaa Mohamed Saad Zaghloul Attaalla, Abeer Mohammed Amal Mohammed","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2025.2067116.3495","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2025.2067116.3495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Laryngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck cancer with high morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates IDH1 immunohistochemical expression in pre-invasive and invasive laryngeal squamous cell lesions, its correlation with clinicopathological features, and its prognostic and therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 65 laryngeal squamous cell lesion cases was conducted using IDH1 immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IDH1 expression significantly correlated with invasion status (intensity and H-score; p = 0.026, 0.025) and histopathological progression and grade (p = 0.033, 0.036). Two-year DFS and OS were 81.5% and 69%, respectively, with no significant association between survival outcomes and IDH1 H-score (p = 0.851, 0.225).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our findings, increased IDH1 expression may be associated with features of aggressive tumor behavior and could hold clinical significance in laryngeal squamous cell lesions, potentially serving as a future therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"200-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Porphyria Presenting with Persistent Abdominal Pain: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ying Yu, Lixia Yu, Minghui Li, Mengjie Ma, Yuwen Zhu, Jiacong Shen","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2066613.3491","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2066613.3491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Hepatic porphyria is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a deficiency in enzymes involved in hepatic porphyrin metabolism. Disruptions in this metabolic pathway can be precipitated by various factors, including physical exertion, psychological stress, fasting, infections, and drug withdrawal. Clinically, the condition manifests as episodic lower abdominal colic and a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 74-year-old male farmer presented with a four-month history of intermittent abdominal pain, abdominal distension, generalized weakness, and anorexia. The diagnosis of hepatic porphyria was established through a combination of imaging studies, laboratory investigations, liver biopsy, and genetic testing, which revealed a pathogenic c.587G>T (p.C196F) mutation in the FECH gene. The patient exhibited mild cutaneous lesions along with significant abdominal pain, abdominal distension, accompanied by constipation, nausea, and vomiting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and poor prognosis of hepatic porphyria when specific therapies are unavailable. Early recognition and genetic confirmation are vital for guiding management, and clinicians should suspect porphyria in patients with unexplained abdominal pain and liver dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional Ethics and Preserving Human Dignity in Clinical Laboratories.","authors":"Alireza Abdollahi, Mohammad Reza Jalali Nadoushan","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2064314.3483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijp.2025.2064314.3483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Future of Pathology.","authors":"Alireza Abdollahi, Mohammad Reza Jalali Nadoushan","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2025.2058759.3447","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2025.2058759.3447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"150-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Cohort Study Assessing the Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Gastric Cancer in the Indian Population.","authors":"Muskaan Arora, Saraswathy Sreeram, Adarsh Sugathan, Hema Kini, Pooja K Suresh, Jyoti R Kini","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2065021.3486","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2065021.3486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment and may hold prognostic significance in gastric cancer (GC). Limited data are available from the Indian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, CD68 immunohistochemistry was performed on 60 surgically resected gastric adenocarcinomas. TAM density was quantified as the average number of positive cells per high-power field and categorised into low and high groups using a cutoff of 50 cells/HPF. Associations with clinicopathological features were analysed using chi-square and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High TAM density was observed in 70% of cases and was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p = 0.05), increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p = 0.021), advanced pT stage (p = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), and advanced clinical stage (p = 0.009). On multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis remained an independent predictor of high TAM density (adjusted OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.02-6.2; p = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\u0000 <b>CD68+ TAM density correlates with adverse pathological features in GC and may serve as a useful prognostic marker for patient risk stratification.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 2","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148036157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LAPTM4B and MMP9 Immunohistochemical Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Relation to Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Implications in Egyptian Patients.","authors":"Doha Maher Taie, Mona Saeed Tantawy, Walaa Gaber El Gendy, Taysseer Abd El-Hamid Talab","doi":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2076149.3569","DOIUrl":"10.22034/ijp.2026.2076149.3569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4B (LAPTM4B) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) are overexpressed in various cancers; however, their relevance in HCC is not well defined, particularly among Egyptian patients. This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of LAPTM4B and MMP9 in HCC and to assess their associations with clinicopathological features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-five HCC cases with matched adjacent non-tumorous areas were retrospectively examined. The mean patient age was 53.33 ± 9.07 years, with a 4.36:1 male-to-female ratio. The mean follow-up duration was 25.6 months. Overall survival was 58.7% (44/75), while 41.3% (31/75) died during follow-up. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate LAPTM4B and MMP9 expression, and correlations with clinicopathological features were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LAPTM4B and MMP9 were overexpressed in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumorous areas (p < 0.001). Higher LAPTM4B expression was associated with female gender (p = 0.043), older age (p = 0.041), lower alpha-fetoprotein levels (p = 0.042), and poorer overall survival (p = 0.022). Higher MMP9 expression correlated with tumor grade and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.026). A positive correlation was observed between LAPTM4B and MMP9 H-scores (p < 0.038).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LAPTM4B and MMP9 are overexpressed in HCC and show significant associations with tumor behavior. LAPTM4B correlates with features linked to prognosis, while MMP9 reflects aggressive tumor behavior. Their concurrent upregulation suggests involvement in overlapping biological processes. These findings support further evaluation of LAPTM4B and MMP9 as potential prognostic biomarkers in Egyptian patients; however, evaluation of mechanistic and therapeutic implications requires additional study.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 3","pages":"399-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13351381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rediscovering Langhans' Fibrinoid Layer: A Forgotten Barrier at the Maternal-Fetal Interface.","authors":"Rohini Motwani, Seetu Palo, Mishu Mangla","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2058811.3446","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2058811.3446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"146-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Diagnostic Categories in the Proposed Sydney System for Reporting Lymph Node Cytopathology: A Retrospective Cytomorphological Study.","authors":"Surabhi, Avinash Singh, Shambhawi Sharma, Tarun Kumar, Bhadani Punam Prasad, Shreekant Bharti, Ruchi Sinha","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2058284.3445","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2058284.3445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive, rapid, and relatively safe diagnostic method for the initial evaluation of lymphadenopathy of unknown origin. In May 2020, the Sydney System was proposed to provide recommendations for diagnostic categorization, FNAC of lymphadenopathy, pathology reporting, and related practices. This study aimed to analyze the applicability of the Sydney System in lymph node FNAC and to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 2-year retrospective diagnostic study was conducted from January 2019 through December 2020. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy (DA), and ROM were calculated using histopathology as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 632 lymph node FNAC cases were included, with histopathological follow-up available in 45 cases. The median age of patients was 26 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Cervical lymph nodes were most frequently involved (367 cases, 58.1%). Overall sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 66.7%, 85.0%, and 76.3%, respectively. ROM by diagnostic category was: nondiagnostic (25%), benign (5.2%), atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) (50%), suspicious (80%), and malignant (88.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FNAC demonstrated high diagnostic efficacy when applied using the proposed Sydney System, supporting the utility of this standardized reporting scheme for lymph node cytology.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}