Iranian Journal of Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of Spleen (SANTS); Case Report of a 12-Year-Old Patient.","authors":"Farzaneh Ramezani, Sare Kamali, Ramin Mashoufi, Seyed Ali Ebrahimi, Maryam Soltan","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2034980.3332","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2034980.3332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen (SANT) is a rare, benign vascular lesion predominantly described in adults. Pediatric cases are exceptionally uncommon and present a diagnostic challenge due to nonspecific clinical presentations and imaging findings.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 12-year-old boy presenting with recurrent abdominal pain localized around the umbilicus, accompanied by intermittent nausea over a three-month period. Physical examination revealed mild tenderness without guarding. Laboratory findings were unremarkable. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a hypoechoic splenic lesion, further evaluated by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), which revealed a heterogeneous hypodense mass in the spleen. The patient underwent partial laparoscopic splenectomy. Histopathological examination showed a nodular architecture with fibrous bands, capillary-like vascular channels lined by endothelial cells, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD31, CD34, and CD8, supporting the diagnosis of SANT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although benign, SANT can mimic more aggressive splenic pathologies. This case underscores the importance of considering SANT in the differential diagnosis of splenic masses in pediatric patients and highlights the role of histopathology and immunohistochemistry in achieving a definitive diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 2","pages":"239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Value of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Benign Mimickers.","authors":"Elmira Zolfeghari Khiavy, Nasser Rakhshani, Hamid Rezvani, Behnaz Bouzari, Hossein Ajdarkosh, Mahshid Panahi, Hemin Ashayeri, Seyed Mir Yaghub Musaviani, Soheil Khalili, Ali Basi, Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2029980.3307","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2029980.3307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy that accounts for approximately 3% gastrointestinal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of CD56, SMAD4, CEA, and p53 biomarkers in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma and its benign mimickers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 54 CCA specimens and 27 non-cancerous pancreatobiliary tissue samples diagnosed between 2018 and 2022. All specimens were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CD56, SMAD4, CEA, and p53 expression. The cut-off value of each marker was obtained from the respective kit instructions and previous studies. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 26. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 81 specimens, the mean age in the case and control groups was 57.33 ± 11.99 and 44.7 ± 16.69 years, respectively, and 51 (63%) samples were obtained from male patients. We found that 39.5% had grade III p53 expression, 13.5% had grade II p53 expression, 41.9% had grade III CEA expression, and 9.8% had grade II CEA expression. Additionally, 17.3% were positive for CD56 expression, and 7.4% showed SMAD4 loss. There were significant associations between the expression of CEA (79.6%) and p53 (74%) in the CCA group (p-value < 0.05). However, SMAD4 loss and CD56 expression were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Expression of CEA and p53 based on IHC staining is associated with the occurrence of CCA. However, SMAD4 and CD56 were not significantly associated with CCA. Further survival analysis and sensitivity and specificity assessments are needed to obtain more comprehensive results.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 2","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Role of Claudin-4 Antigen Overexpression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A 5-Year Survival Analysis.","authors":"Maryam Soltan, Azar Naimi, Razieh Hafez Forghan, Marjan Mansourian","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2040168.3350","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2040168.3350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) can be categorized into 4 groups based on molecular and pathological evidence: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+ tumors, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC has a poorer survival rate and a higher chance of recurrence and metastasis compared to other BC types, primarily due to its challenging treatment course. Claudin 4 (CLDN4), a transmembrane protein in tight junctions between cells, has been linked to poor prognosis and faster disease progression in these malignancies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients previously diagnosed with TNBC and tested for CLDN4 overexpression were contacted for follow-up and to determine disease outcomes. The current health status, cause, and time of death (if applicable) were recorded. Patient files were accessed to obtain information on age, tumor size and grading, lymph node involvement, metastasis, Ki67, and CLDN4 expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with high CLDN expression showed a significantly lower mortality rate. However, after controlling for other covariates, the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.48 (95%CI= [0.13 - 1.27]) in the crude model for survival, 0.54 (95%CI = [0.2 - 1.43]) when adjusted for age at diagnosis, and 0.58 (95%CI = [0.18-1.82]) when adjusted for other covariates. CLDN4 was also not correlated with tumor metastasis (HR=0.64, p=0.203, in the crude model; HR=0.52, p=0.409, when adjusted for other covariates). Patients in the CLDN4 high group had a significantly higher number of tumors >2cm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although previous studies have shown that CLDN4 overexpression worsens TNBC prognosis and increases metastasis or recurrence, the current study found no such association.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 2","pages":"167-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>In vitro</i> Effect of Nanoliposomal Amphotericin B Against <i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i> Isolated From COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis Patients.","authors":"Ali Ahmadi, Sayed Jamal Hashemi, Seyed Mahdi Rezayat, Roshanak Daie-Ghazvini, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Jamileh Esmaeili, Fatemeh Saiedmohammadi, Farzaneh Afshari, Laura Alcazar-Fuoli, Alireza Abdollahi, Sadegh Khodavaisy","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2033626.3320","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2033626.3320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong><i>Rhizopus arrhizus</i>, a major contributor to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally. Nanoliposomal amphotericin B (NLAmB) presents a promising approach due to its enhanced drug delivery and reduced side effects. This study aimed to assess the <i>in vitro</i> antifungal susceptibility of NLAmB against <i>R. arrhizus</i> isolated from CAM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-nine <i>R. arrhizus</i> isolated from CAM patients were identified through phenotypic characterization, MALDI-TOF, and the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region (ITS) sequencing approaches. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) for NLAmB, amphotericin B (AmB), posaconazole (PSC), and isavuconazole (ISC) was conducted through broth microdilution methods according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standard E.DEF 9.4. Results were analyzed for MIC ranges, MIC50, MIC90, and distributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NLAmB demonstrated superior <i>in vitro</i> efficacy against <i>R. arrhizus</i> (MIC50/90, 0.063/0.25 μg/ml) compared to AmB, PSC, and ISC. PSC exhibited notable activity (MIC range: ≤0.031 - ≥16 μg/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study emphasized NLAmB's sustained activity, making it a potential alternative to LAmB. Further exploration and clinical correlation are warranted to validate NLAmB in CAM treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Significance of Eosinophil Infiltration in Diagnosis of Psoriasis: A Cross-sectional Analysis.","authors":"Maryam Khalili, Afsaneh Kooshesh, Simin Shamsi-Meymandi, Niloofar Mehrolhasani, Rezvan Amiri, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, Mahin Aflatoonian","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2013501.3191","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2024.2013501.3191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>There is controversy whether eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This study aims to assess the quantity of eosinophils in pathological specimens obtained from individuals diagnosed with psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>cross-sectional and retrospective study 91 skin samples were obtained from patients with diagnosis of psoriasis. Two experienced dermatologists thoroughly reviewed the specimens' demographic characteristics, clinical features, and pathological attributes. Subsequently, eosinophils were counted within all microscopic fields, utilizing a magnification of 200.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eosinophils were present in approximately 70.3% of the examined samples, with a mean eosinophil count of 2.42±0.63. Although no significant correlation was observed between the clinical subtype and the average eosinophil count, eosinophils were most commonly detected in the cases presenting generalized pustular psoriasis (100%) and vulgaris types (71.11%). Notably, patients exhibiting Munro's microabscess and dilated papillary dermal blood vessels exhibited a significantly higher number of eosinophils (<i>P</i>=0.007 and <i>P</i>=0.039, respectively). Additionally, a notable association was identified between presence of spongiosis, and eosinophil counts in the pathological samples (<i>P</i>=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Presence of eosinophils may not contradict a diagnosis of psoriasis. Furthermore, a notable association may be observed between the number of eosinophils and presence of spongiosis, dilated dermal papillary vessels, and Munro's microabscess.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 1","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11887645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of the Galactomannan Test in Diagnosing COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A Review.","authors":"Mohammadreza Salehi, Jon Salmanton-García, Alireza Abdollahi, Maryam Albaji, Effat Davoudi-Monfared, Zeinab Siami, Saeed Mohammadi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Pershang Nazemi","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2044324.3369","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2044324.3369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a complication of COVID-19. Galactomannan (GM) is a non-invasive test used to diagnose invasive aspergillosis. We collected the existing studies on the diagnostic value of GM to determine a GM level for predicting CAPA. All articles on the value of GM in CAPA diagnosis published until November 2023 were reviewed. The main databases were searched using the following keywords: \"aspergillus\", \"aspergillosis\", \"SARS-CoV-2\", \"COVID\", \"2019 ncovnCOV\", \"novel coronavirus\", \"COVID-19\", \"galactomannan\", and \"CAPA\". Studies with reported levels of serum or BAL GM were included. Patients were classified into two groups: non-confirmed and proven aspergillosis. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine a GM level to predict the likelihood of CAPA. A total of 26 articles were selected, of which 239 patients were included. A count of 123 patients (50%) were in the non-confirmed group and 124 (50%) patients were proven. The median serum GM was 0.51 in the non-confirmed group and 0.47 in the proven group (p= 0.73). The level of GM in BAL fluid was 0.10 in the non-confirmed and 2.80 in the proven group, which was statistically different (p<0.001). With 81.3 % sensitivity and 79.5% specificity, the BAL GM cut-off was 1.01 ODI. The results showed that BAL GM ≥1.01 can be used to predict CAPA. Serum GM did not show any predictive value in diagnosing CAPA. However, BAL GM level can be a reliable diagnostic test in patients with CAPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 2","pages":"142-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis of Peroxisomal Biogenesis Factor Proteins in Breast Malignancy for Introducing Potential Prognostic Biomarkers.","authors":"Nima Mahdei Nasirmahalleh, Mina Hemmati, Negin Parsamanesh","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2030953.3311","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2030953.3311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of malignant neoplasm and is the primary cause of mortality among women aged 45 to 55 years. Studies indicate that cancer displays irregular metabolic patterns in contrast to normal tissue. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence supporting the significant role of peroxisomes in the intricate metabolic processes of cancer. Peroxisomal biogenesis factors (PEXs), which are peroxisomal proteins, control activities such as the degradation and biogenesis of peroxisomes. Hence, the correlation between peroxisomal biogenesis factor expression and BC was explored, to introduce key proteins and potential biomarkers by analyzing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized UALCAN, GenExMiner v4.8, Metascape, STRING, TIMER, the Kaplan-Meier plotter, The Human Protein Atlas, MirTarBase, and cBioportal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The transcriptional levels of PEX6/7/10/11B/13/16 in BC tissues were significantly elevated, whereas the transcriptional levels of PEX2/3/5/11A/12/19 were significantly reduced. High expression levels of PEX 2/3/10/12/11G /26/13/16/14 were significantly related to shorter relapse-free survival, and higher mRNA expression of PEX 11B/11G/11A/12/19 was significantly associated with longer overall survival of BC patients. We identified has-miR-4318 and has-7106-3p as more correlated miRNAs with the PEX family.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results may provide novel insights for the selection of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 2","pages":"181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression and its Association with Histopathological Features of Human Malignant Melanoma.","authors":"Nasrin Shayanfar, Zeinab Gholizade, Fatemeh Montazer, Kambiz Kamyab, Aram Nazari, Ali Zare Mirzaie","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2042091.3357","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2042091.3357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Melanoma is one of the most common types of skin cancer with an annually increasing mortality rate. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an imperative role as a cancer biomarker in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin and thromboxane during inflammatory reactions. Its overexpression has been demonstrated in various cancer types, including melanoma. However, its clinicopathological association with melanoma is controversial. We aimed to immunohistochemically evaluate COX-2 expression in malignant melanoma (MM) tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional retrospective study, blocks from patients with MM who were referred to Rasool-Akram and Razi hospitals between 2011 and 2020 were collected and immunohistochemically evaluated using COX-2 antibody. The intensity and percentage of COX-2 expression was determined in tumoral tissues, and its association with clinical and histological features of patients were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 patients diagnosed with MM were included in this study, of whom 20 (51.3%) were male and 19 (48.7%) were female, with an average age of 57.28 ± 14.37 (range 14-87 years). The most common histological subtypes were acral melanoma (30.8%) and nodular melanoma (20.5%). The most common locations of tumor involvement were the lower (33.3%) and upper limbs (23.1%). Ulcers and vascular-lymphatic invasion were observed in 33.3% and 5.1% of cases, respectively. 38.5% of tumors were in level IV according to Clark's level. Elastosis was present in 13% of samples. Approximately 87% of MM samples showed COX-2 expression, 61.5% of which were strong. There was a significant association between COX-2 expression and tumor location (P = .04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\u0000 <b>Our findings highlight that the COX-2 protein is considerably expressed in MM tumors. Therefore, therapeutic strategies with the aim of targeting COX-2 might be considered in the prevention or treatment of MM. However, it remains to be explored whether COX-2 might be a prognostic marker of MM.</b>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 2","pages":"207-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of HOTAIRM1, miR-196b, and HOXA9 as Oncogenic Markers in Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia.","authors":"Fahime Norozi, Mehdi Allahbakhshian, Nader Vazifeshiran, Zahra Hasanpour, Mohsen Hamidpour","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2030358.3309","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2030358.3309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>miR-196b, HOXA9, GFI1, and PIM1 are key factors involved in cellular signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of malignancies, including acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Given their critical roles in AML progression, the present study aimed to investigate the gene expression levels of HOTAIRM1, miR-196b, HOXA9, GFI1, and PIM1 in AML patients compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 AML patients and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated using Ficoll-Paque density gradient centrifugation. Gene expression levels of HOTAIRM1, miR-196b, HOXA9, GFI1, and PIM1 were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression levels of HOTAIRM1, miR-196b, HOXA9, and GFI1 were significantly elevated in AML patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, t-test analysis revealed that the expressions of HOTAIRM1, HOXA9, and GFI1 significantly differed between AML-M3 and non-M3 AML subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the investigated markers, particularly HOTAIRM1, HOXA9, and GFI1, may serve as potential clinical biomarkers for monitoring AML progression and could be valuable targets for early detection or therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 3","pages":"307-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of TTF-1, Napsin A, p40, and p63 in the Subtyping of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study from India.","authors":"Surbhi Patel, Deepa Sowkur Anandarama Adiga","doi":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2044252.3371","DOIUrl":"10.30699/ijp.2025.2044252.3371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Subtyping non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) into adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is crucial for selecting appropriate molecular tests, as driver mutations are often subtype-specific. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of TTF-1, Napsin A, p40, and p63 immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in subtyping NSCLC on small biopsies, with the goal of identifying a minimal marker panel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, from January 2014 to December 2020. All NSCLC cases diagnosed during the study period were included. Immunohistochemical expressions of TTF-1, Napsin A, p40, and p63 were evaluated and correlated with morphological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-five NSCLC cases were included: adenocarcinoma (n = 35), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 57), and NSCLC-not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 2). IHC reclassification based on marker expression resulted in six ADC cases retyped as SCC and eight SCC cases retyped as ADC. TTF-1 and Napsin A expression were significantly associated with adenocarcinoma (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while p40 and p63 expression were significantly associated with SCC (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IHC is essential in overcoming the diagnostic limitations of small biopsy specimens, especially in morphologically heterogeneous tumors. A minimal panel comprising TTF-1 and p40 is sufficient for accurate subtyping of NSCLC and can help preserve tissue for downstream molecular testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":38900,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pathology","volume":"20 3","pages":"297-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}