Medeniyet medical journal最新文献

{"title":"TMPRSS2: A Key Host Factor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Potential Therapeutic Target.","authors":"Haily Liduin Koyou, Mohd Nazil Salleh, Caroline Satu Jelemie, Mohd Jaamia Qaadir Badrin, Muhammad Evy Prastiyanto, Vasudevan Ramachandran","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.40460","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.40460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transmembrane serine protease 2 (<i>TMPRSS2</i>) gene plays a crucial role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by priming the viral spike protein for membrane fusion and facilitating viral entry into host cells. This review aims to explore the molecular function of TMPRSS2, its genetic variations, and its potential as a therapeutic target in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory viral infections. TMPRSS2 is highly expressed in lung and prostate tissues and is regulated by androgens, which may contribute to sex-based differences in COVID-19 severity. Genetic polymorphisms in TMPRSS2 have been been associated with variability in disease susceptibility and severity across populations. Several TMPRSS2 inhibitors, including serine protease inhibitors, such as camostat mesylate and nafamostat, have demonstarted promise in blocking viral entry. In addition, RNA based strategies such as siRNA and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats offer potential approaches for downregulating TMPRSS2 expression. However, the development of selective inhibitors that avoid off target effects remains a challenge. The presence of <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> gene fusion, commonly found in prostate cancer, has also been linked to altered COVID-19 susceptibility, suggesting a complex interplay between viral infection and cancer biology. This review also discusses future perspectives, including large-scale genomic studies to identify high-risk individuals, the development of next-generation TMPRSS2 inhibitors, and potential broad-spectrum antiviral therapies targeting TMPRSS2.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"26 4","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Ultrasound-Based Techniques and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Proton Density Fat Fraction in Measuring the Amount of Hepatic Fat in Children with Hepatosteatosis.","authors":"Sabriye Gulcin Bozbeyoglu, Murat Asik","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.34017","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.34017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) in assessing liver fat content in children, using magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) values as a reference, and to determine threshold values for QUS in grading hepatosteatosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study group consisted of pediatric patients under 18 years of age without known liver disease who volunteered to participate. All patients underwent MRI-PDFF scanning, and QUS imaging was performed using the tissue attenuation imaging (TAI) ve tissue scatter distribution imaging (TSI) tools. The cut-off values for MRI-PDFF were set at ≥5%, ≥16.3%, and ≥21.7%, corresponding to mild, moderate, and severe steatosis, respectively. The diagnostic performance of TAI and TSI in detecting various degrees of hepatic steatosis was evaluated using the area under the ROC (AUROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequencies of hepatosteatosis grading were as follows: S1: 19 (37%), S2: 5 (10%), S3: 22 (43%). The AUROCs for TAI and TSI tools in detecting QUS measurements (MRI PDFF ≥5%) were 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91-0.99] (p< 0.001) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93-0.99) (p<0.001), respectively. For distinguishing different degrees of steatosis, TAI showed values of 0.75, 0.86, and 0.96 dB/cm/MHz, corresponding to sensitivities of 88%, 88%, and 100%, respectively, while TSI showed values of 92.44, 96.64, and 99.45, with sensitivities of 90%, 92%, and 91.7%. The correlation test between QUS measurements [TAI, TSI, EzHRI (Hepato-Renal Index with Automated regions of interest Recommendation)] and MR-PDFF indicated a concordance in TAI and TSI values, but not with EzHR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The TAI and TSI tools can accurately measure liver fat content and can be used reliably in children for the assessment and grading of hepatosteatosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Classification of Variations of the Anterior Part of the Circle of Willis in Fresh Cadavers Anterior Communicating Artery.","authors":"Gkionoul Nteli Chatzioglou, Emine Nas, Aysin Kale, Kardelen Aktas, Osman Coskun, Özcan Gayretli","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.86729","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.86729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of our study is to evaluate and classify the variations of the anterior communicating artery (AComA) on fresh cadavers from the Türkiye population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 182 fresh cadavers were analysed and classified according to the number, shape and course of the AcomA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, typical AcomA was the most common with a rate of 86 (47.25%), while variations of the AcomA were found in the remaining 96 (52.75%) cases. Among these variations, in 11.46% (11/96) of cases, AcomA variations were identified as distal and proximal duplications according to the number of branches they represented; 68.75% (66/96) of cases were identified by their shape (X-shaped, single/double fenestration, hypoplasia, or aplasia); and, in 19 cases, it was characterized by course (median artery or oblique course). The rate of variations was 65% (26/40) in females and 49.29% (70/142) in males. In our study, the X-shaped and single fenestration variations were recorded as the most common.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the study are important for cerebrovascular surgery and radiological interventions. It emphasises the importance of recognising and considering variations. The study will contribute to the understanding of cerebrovascular diseases and the development of treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-Scale Meta-Analysis of TNF-α rs1800629 Polymorphism in Schizophrenia: Evidence from 7,624 Cases and 8,933 Controls.","authors":"Ghasem Dastjerdi, Bita Fallahpour, Seyed Alireza Dastgheib, Amirhossein Shahbazi, Ahmadreza Golshan Tafti, Mohammad Bahrami, Ali Masoudi, Amirmasoud Shiri, Fatemeh Nematzadeh, Hossein Neamatzadeh","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.72273","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.72273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Schizophrenia is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder that affects about 1% of the world's population and arises from a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurodevelopmental influences. Recent studies highlight the role of immune system disturbances and neuroinflammation in its development, with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) identified as a pivotal cytokine. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the relationship between the TNF-α rs1800629 genetic variant and the risk of schizophrenia by synthesizing data from published research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent reviewers systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for studies published up to January 19, 2024. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using a fixed-effects model, taking into account the absence of significant heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 33 case-control studies were included, encompassing 7,624 individuals with schizophrenia and 8,933 healthy controls from diverse backgrounds (21 studies on Asian populations, 11 on Caucasian, and one on a mixed group) conducted between 2001 and 2020. The pooled analysis did not reveal a significant link between the TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and susceptibility to schizophrenia under any genetic model. Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity (Asian, Caucasian), country (China, Poland), genotyping technique, and publication year also yielded no notable associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comprehensive meta-analysis offers strong evidence that the TNF-α rs1800629 variant is not significantly associated with schizophrenia risk, either globally or within specific ethnic groups. These findings indicate that this polymorphism likely does not play a major role in schizophrenia susceptibility, underscoring the importance of future investigations into other TNF-α variants, gene-gene interactions, or alternative inflammatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining Uncertain Hepatoprotective Effects: When Silibinin Co-Administered with Other Drugs.","authors":"Dong Pu, Qinwei Sun, Zengxiang Zhao, Sisi Wang, Ji Li, Feng Yu","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.71163","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.71163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the herb-drug interaction between silibinin and carbamazepine (CBZ) and the potential risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR) when silibinin is co-administered with other drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary fresh hepatocytes were cultured, and an methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was performed after administration of different concentrations of CBZ, and silibinin. Meanwhile, a retrospective study on hepatic adverse reactions involving the combination of silibinin with other drugs was performed using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The protective effects of silibinin on CBZ do not appear on hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. When silibinin (25μM) was co-administered with CBZ (2mM), the cell viability increased from 47.8% to 75.9% (p<0.05), while increasing the silibinin concentration to 50μM with CBZ (2mM), the hepatocyte viability significantly declined from 47.8% to 38.7% (p<0.05). In the FAERS database, the risk of adverse reactions significantly increases when combined with silibinin. The silibinin co-administration was significantly associated with hepatotoxicity reports.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the cell experiment showed that silibinin's liver protective effects were uncertain when it was combined with CBZ. FAERS database analysis revealed elevated risks of ADRs with silibinin co-administration, collectively highlighting the necessity for vigilance against unanticipated herb-drug interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory Infantyl Chylous Ascites Treatment by Everolimus.","authors":"Masallah Baran, Sinem Kahveci, Betul Aksoy, Yeliz Cagan Appak, Gizem Dogan, Hacer Orsdemir Hortu, Gokhan Koyluoglu","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.82284","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.82284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the abdomen is defined as chylous ascites. Different causes play a role in the etiology of the disease. Congenital anomalies are the most common cause in pediatric patients. A high protein, low fat diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids should be planned. The first-line treatment is dietary management and is total parenteral nutrition, and the first preferred medical agent is somatostatin. In patients who do not respond to standard treatments, surgical treatment or new limited alternative medical agents are applied. A six-month-old girl presented with a complaint of abdominal swelling was diagnosed with chylous acid. The patient was put on the standard nutritional therapy and somatostatin treatment but did not respond to these treatments. The chylous ascites was controlled with everolimus treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"110-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Pirfenidone and Nintedanib Be Alternative Treatment Options for Radiation Pneumonitis?","authors":"Hikmet Coban, Mustafa Colak, Merve Yumrukuz Şenel, Muzaffer Gunes, Nurhan Sarioglu, Fuat Erel","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.87393","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.87393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"114-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clumpy Novel Mitochondrial Signatures in Irradiated Human Diabetic Buccal Cells: A Case Control Study.","authors":"Surraj Susai, Mrudula Chandrupatla, Sumitra Sivakoti, Govindrao N Kusneniwa, Anand K Pyati","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.87120","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.87120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the whole free mitochondria in type-2 diabetic buccal epithelial cells using a supravital stain called \"Janus Green B\" and assess their behavior after exposure to near infrared light. The researchers observed microscopic mitochondrial load and its intracellular spatial behavior after exposure to near-infrared rays, bridging the gap in understanding mitochondrial orientation in diseases like diabetes. The aim of this research was to find out the quantitative involvement and electrostatic intracellular spatial patterns of whole mitochondria in diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exfoliated buccal cell wet mounts, supravitally stained using Janus green, and excited using infrared rays, were observed using an advanced bright field Axiocam microscope, and the images of whole mitochondria within the cells were photographed and analyzed using the ZEN 2.0 cell sense software. The migration patterns of mitochondria were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A quantitative decrease in mitochondria was noted in diabetic cells. Signatures of clumpy peripheral shifts in mitochondria were observed in diabetic buccal cells post radiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced glycation end products of diabetes combined with oxidative stressors influenced the free mitochondria to clump peripherally and produce a characteristic signature. The decreased mitochondrial load contributed additional evidence to the reduced respiratory capacity of cells, which forced mitochondria to emit a detectable signature when irradiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 2","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve is at High Risk During Direct Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint Due to Proximity and Anatomic Variations: A Cadaveric Study.","authors":"Dang Hoang Giang, Thanh Xuan Dao, Du Gia Hoang","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2024.47042","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2024.47042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In direct anterior approach (DAA) to the hip joint, the risk of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) injury is high. This study on cadavers aimed to identify variations in the anatomy and route of the LFCN and its relationship with the DAA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 adult formalin-embalmed cadavers [8 males and 7 female (15 paired hips)]. The anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercle, and fibular head were used as anatomical reference points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 30 portals were inserted completely without damage or complications at the anatomical sites. The mean age standard deviation was 72.0 (16.8) range: 26-91 years old. Nineteen nerves crossed the incision. The branching pattern of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh below the inguinal ligament is predominantly fan type (12 nerves, 40.0%), followed by sartorius type (11 nerves, 37.0%), with a lower percentage being posterior type (7 nerves, 23.3%). The average distance from the initial point to the location where the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh crosses the surgical incision was 35.3 (16.4-62.9) mm, with a range of 2.3-92.2 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk of LFCN injury was 50%. Understanding variations in the anatomy and route of the LFCN and its proximity to the incision of the DAA to the hip joint may reduce the risk of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of the Complement System in Cancer.","authors":"Elif Kubat Oktem","doi":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.34783","DOIUrl":"10.4274/MMJ.galenos.2025.34783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cancer is a disease characterized by an unregulated division of abnormal cells in the body. The discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes has paved the way for the targeted use of individual biomarkers and proteins in cancer therapy. The signaling pathways in cells are closely linked, and research into these connections would lead to more precise personalized treatments for cancer. An imbalance in the complement system is associated with the development and progression of cancer. Comparable variations in gene expression and common complement biomarkers in different cancer types are poorly understood. This study aims to gain insights into biomarkers linking the complement system to carcinogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and transcriptome data from the cancer genome atlas were used to analyze differentially expressed genes involved in the complement system in different cancer types. Various bioinformatics and machine learning techniques were used to suggest complement pathway-related carcinogenesis biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study provides a comprehensive elucidation of component 7 (C7), complement factor-D (CFD), interleukin-11 (IL11), apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), and integrin binding sialic acid protein (IBSP) proteins as common biomarkers associated with the complement system in cancer and highlights the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These biomarkers would pave the way for targeted cancer treatments in the context of precision medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":37427,"journal":{"name":"Medeniyet medical journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}