{"title":"Recurrent pancreatic abscesses coexisting with a suspected adenocarcinoma in a cat.","authors":"Chiara Donà, Maurizio Longo, Nora Romero-Fernández, Mayank Seth","doi":"10.1177/20551169261455445","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261455445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 13-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was referred for weight loss, polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia and intermittent vomiting. Blood work demonstrated diabetes mellitus; abdominal ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic, thickened pancreas with two large fluid-filled cavities within the body and right limb. Cytology of the aspirated fluid indicated suppurative inflammation with bacterial infection, which cultured <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>. Medical management for diabetes mellitus and pancreatic abscessation was initiated. After approximately 4 months of antimicrobial therapy and five percutaneous drainages, clinical signs improved; nevertheless, serial abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated persistent pancreatic abscessation, while repeated cultures and antibiograms documented progressively resistant bacterial infections. The condition culminated in abscess rupture and septic peritonitis, prompting surgical drainage and omentalisation. Histopathological examination of the pancreatic parenchyma revealed severe lymphoplasmacytic pancreatitis with glandular atrophy, while evaluation of the pancreatic tissue associated with the abscess demonstrated a suspected pancreatic exocrine neoplasm, most compatible with a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This case highlights the need for earlier consideration of surgical intervention in cases of recurrent pancreatic abscessation and underscores the importance of including concurrent pancreatic neoplasia as a differential diagnosis in chronic, non-resolving presentations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 2","pages":"20551169261455445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice H Watson, Sophie Broughton, Luke C Dutton, Francisco Llabrés-Díaz, Norelene Harrington, Harriet M Syme
{"title":"Immunohistochemistry confirms pulmonary metastases from an adrenal adenocarcinoma causing primary hyperaldosteronism in a cat.","authors":"Alice H Watson, Sophie Broughton, Luke C Dutton, Francisco Llabrés-Díaz, Norelene Harrington, Harriet M Syme","doi":"10.1177/20551169261453682","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261453682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>This report describes a 14-year-and-9-month-old, male neutered cat with a primary adrenal tumour secreting aldosterone with pulmonary metastases, alongside concurrent hyperthyroidism and congestive heart failure. The cat presented with hyporexia and muscular weakness, including marked cervical ventroflexion. Hypokalaemia, hypertension, marked hyperaldosteronaemia and presence of a left-sided adrenal mass were consistent with primary hyperaldosteronism, and pulmonary nodules were detectable radiographically. Congestive heart failure and poor quality of life resulted in euthanasia. Microscopic examination identified an adrenocortical carcinoma, and the histological morphology and immunohistochemical labelling was similar between the primary tumour and pulmonary nodules.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>Primary hyperaldosteronism is an underdiagnosed condition of cats, causing hypertension and hypokalaemia. Excessive aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal glands and may be caused by tumours. Around half of aldosterone-secreting tumours in cats are malignant, although distant metastases have only been reported once previously. This is the first report of radiographically evident pulmonary metastases from an aldosterone-secreting adrenal tumour confirmed by immunohistochemical labelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 2","pages":"20551169261453682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13396540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Kyong Song, Marion Guidat, Roger Rengert, Peter Gilbert, Bettina Darveshi
{"title":"Lameness caused by intramuscular osteochondroma in semimembranosus muscle in a male cat.","authors":"Min Kyong Song, Marion Guidat, Roger Rengert, Peter Gilbert, Bettina Darveshi","doi":"10.1177/20551169261450918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261450918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 9-year-old, male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of progressive right pelvic limb lameness. Orthopedic examination revealed a weightbearing lameness of the right pelvic limb and a mass over the medial aspect of the right stifle, which elicited pain upon palpation. Preoperative complete blood count and serum biochemistry panel were unremarkable. Radiographs and CT identified a mass at the level of the distal femur, with focal mineralization and enlargement of the right semimembranosus muscle. Incisional biopsy suggested osteochondroma, osteochondromatosis and chondroma. The mass was marginally excised, with histopathology consistent with an intramuscular osteochondroma. The cat returned to normal activity and is currently healthy and alive 3 years postoperatively without evidence of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel: </strong>information Soft tissue osteochondroma is a rare condition that can occur intramuscularly, and to the authors' knowledge, this condition has not been previously reported at this location in a feline patient. Based on this report, although considered rare, clinical awareness of this tumor may aid practitioners in identifying intramuscular osteochondroma as a differential for firm intramuscular masses. Intramuscular osteochondroma carries a fair-to-good prognosis dependent on the location in an otherwise clinically healthy cat.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"20551169261450918"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13287400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frida Susanna Moberg, Hanne Ellen Kortegaard, Thomas Eriksen
{"title":"Menrath ulcer resulting in life-threatening anaemia in a cat.","authors":"Frida Susanna Moberg, Hanne Ellen Kortegaard, Thomas Eriksen","doi":"10.1177/20551169261449656","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261449656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>An 11-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented for evaluation of severe oral haemorrhage. The patient had documented flea infestation and a history of marked pruritus preceding the onset of bleeding. Clinical examination identified a solitary lesion on the rostral hard palate as the only apparent source of haemorrhage. Histopathological analysis of the lesion revealed features consistent with trauma-induced ulceration, including fibrino-suppurative inflammation and granulation tissue proliferation. Based on the lesion's location, clinical history and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of Menrath ulcer was established, presumed to be secondary to excessive grooming behaviour associated with pruritic skin disease.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This case report describes a feline patient diagnosed with a Menrath ulcer, managed through multiple blood transfusions and surgical closure of the palatal lesion. Concurrent treatment targeted the underlying pruritic skin disease, including antiparasitic therapy and corticosteroids for suspected flea allergy dermatitis. The patient was monitored over a 12-month follow-up period, during which no recurrence of oral haemorrhage was observed, supporting the efficacy of combined surgical and medical management in cases of Menrath ulceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 2","pages":"20551169261449656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13221581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mulan Zhong, Rachel Basa, Juan M Podadera, Mark B Krockenberger, Natalie Courtman, Mary F Thompson, Melanie Olive
{"title":"Video-assisted thoracic surgery of a caudal mediastinal paraoesophageal abscess in a cat with recurrent pyothorax.","authors":"Mulan Zhong, Rachel Basa, Juan M Podadera, Mark B Krockenberger, Natalie Courtman, Mary F Thompson, Melanie Olive","doi":"10.1177/20551169261449116","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261449116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 6-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented with acute respiratory distress and lethargy. Three months prior, the cat had been medically managed for a bacterial pyothorax. Initial stabilisation included oxygen supplementation, and a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) revealed bilateral pleural effusion. A thoracostomy tube was placed and pleural fluid was aseptically collected. Cytological evaluation of the pleural fluid was consistent with a septic neutrophilic exudate, with <i>Fusobacterium russii</i>, <i>Bacteriodes pyogenes</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> isolated on anaerobic bacterial culture. A CT scan of the thorax revealed a caudal mediastinal paraoesophageal mass, with no gross mucosal abnormalities or foreign material apparent on oesophagoscopy. Lack of response to medical management promoted video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), with partial conversion to a thoracoscopic-assisted approach to improve visualisation. Histopathology of the mass was consistent with an abscess, and <i>F russii</i> and <i>B pyogenes</i> were isolated. No primary cause for the caudal mediastinal paraoesophageal abscess (CMPA) was identified. The cat was discharged with metronidazole after thoracostomy tube removal 4 days postoperatively. There was no recurrence of clinical signs and pleural effusion on POCUS at the 3-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>CMPAs are rarely described in cats. This case outlines the clinical features, diagnostic investigations, treatment and outcome of a cat with a CMPA. The case reinforces the importance of repeat diagnostic imaging in cats with recurrent pyothorax and highlights the feasibility and challenges of VATS for CMPA removal, which has not been previously described in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"20551169261449116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13172676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William Case Hillier, Elizabeth A Rozanski, Stephanie Maciorowski, Clare Timothy
{"title":"Administration of porcine surfactant in the treatment of a fatal case of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a cat with calicivirus pneumonia.","authors":"William Case Hillier, Elizabeth A Rozanski, Stephanie Maciorowski, Clare Timothy","doi":"10.1177/20551169261448246","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261448246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 1-year-old, male neutered Persian cat presented to the emergency room with acute, severe wheezing and coughing after the introduction of a new kitten to the household. The patient progressed to hypoxemic respiratory failure consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and required mechanical ventilation. RT-PCR testing from a conjunctival and deep pharyngeal swab confirmed feline calicivirus infection. Because of refractory hypoxemia and declining lung compliance (2.4 ml/cmH<sub>2</sub>O), novel therapy with intratracheal porcine surfactant (Curosurf) was attempted. A dose of 1.5 ml/kg was administered over 60 s. After administration, pulmonary compliance improved to 3.1 ml/cmH<sub>2</sub>O. The patient was weaned from the ventilator on day 10; however, severe laryngeal swelling necessitated a temporary tracheostomy. The patient died on day 15 from tracheal stenosis and obstruction of the stoma site by granulation tissue.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing the development of ARDS from calicivirus pneumonia and the use of porcine surfactant in the treatment of ARDS in a cat. The administration of surfactant resulted in objective improvements in lung compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 2","pages":"20551169261448246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148456921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Machín, Guillermo Godiño, César Daniel Hernández Pereira, Guillermo Cazzuli, Flavia García Álvarez, Kanji Yamasaki, José Manuel Verdes
{"title":"Malignant synovial and perisynovial tumor in the stifle joint of a juvenile cat: histopathological and immunohistochemical findings.","authors":"Victoria Machín, Guillermo Godiño, César Daniel Hernández Pereira, Guillermo Cazzuli, Flavia García Álvarez, Kanji Yamasaki, José Manuel Verdes","doi":"10.1177/20551169261448780","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261448780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 1-year-old domestic cat was presented with lameness and progressive swelling of the right stifle joint. The condition had been present for 1 month; during the consultation, it was evident that the cat was not bearing weight on the limb, which also exhibited muscle atrophy and tremors, as well as signs of pain upon manipulation. After sedation, crepitus was noted at the femorotibial-patellar joint. Radiographic examination showed osteolysis, and during clinical exploration, tumor cells destroying the joint were confirmed by cytology. Surgical excision was performed via limb amputation, and the mass was found to measure 3 × 5 × 3 cm. Histopathological analysis showed a biphasic neoplasm composed of spindle-shaped mesenchymal-like cells and large epithelial-like cells. Normal joint structures, including the capsule and articular cartilage, were completely effaced by neoplastic infiltration, including similar neoplastic changes in distal femur and proximal tibia epiphyses, metaphyses and diaphyses. Tumor cells were immunopositive for either vimentin or cytokeratin. Based on the 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant synovial and perisynovial neoplasm. The cat died 3 months after surgery; at the owner's request, no post-mortem examination was conducted.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong> To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of malignant synovial and perisynovial neoplasia diagnosed in a juvenile cat in accordance with the 2020 WHO classification. This case provides new insights into the histopathological findings of this rare tumor type in feline patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"20551169261448780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13219802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Successful response to cabergoline treatment in a non-diabetic cat with hypersomatotropism and pituitary macroadenoma.","authors":"Carlos Alexei Márquez Conde, Diego D Miceli","doi":"10.1177/20551169261448336","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261448336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 12-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred with severe polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, weight gain and signs of neurologic disease, including blindness, head tilt, and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a suprasellar mass consistent with a pituitary macroadenoma. Hypersomatotropism (HST) was diagnosed based on phenotypic changes compatible with acromegaly and an abnormally high serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) concentration (1253 ng/ml). Medical treatment with cabergoline monotherapy (10 μg/kg PO q24h) was prescribed. Progressive improvement of clinical signs was observed, accompanied by a gradual decrease in serum IGF-1 concentrations. Based on clinical and hormonal response, the dosing interval was sequentially extended to q48h and subsequently to q72h. By week 16 of treatment, signs of neurologic disease had resolved and serum IGF-1 concentrations decreased to values within the reference interval (749 ng/ml), while visual deficits persisted. By week 30, signs of neurologic disease remained absent, serum IGF-1 concentration was maintained within the reference interval, and diabetes mellitus did not develop. Cabergoline was well tolerated, with mild gastrointestinal signs reported early in the course of treatment.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This report describes a non-diabetic cat with HST secondary to a pituitary macroadenoma achieving sustained clinical and biochemical control with cabergoline monotherapy. This case demonstrates that a dopamine agonist might be an effective medical option in selected non-diabetic cats with HST, even in the presence of a large pituitary mass and signs of neurologic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"20551169261448336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13230650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148164908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah K Lobegeier, Panayiotis Loukopoulos, Robert Bs Turner
{"title":"Oesophageal necrosis after impaction as a proposed cause of markedly elevated serum creatine kinase activity in a juvenile cat.","authors":"Hannah K Lobegeier, Panayiotis Loukopoulos, Robert Bs Turner","doi":"10.1177/20551169261448250","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261448250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 21-week-old, male castrated domestic mediumhair cat presented with a history of acute, severe regurgitation. No abnormalities were detected on physical examination. Initial serum biochemistry identified marked elevation in creatine kinase (CK) (905,409 U/l, reference interval [RI] 50-400), which persisted after 24 h of supportive care (32,491 U/l, RI 50-400). Serology for <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> was negative. Radiography and ultrasound found severe caudal oesophageal impaction. The kitten was euthanased; a post-mortem examination confirmed oesophageal food impaction and severe, focally extensive oesophageal necrosis. The underlying cause of the oesophageal impaction was not definitively determined. Other than the oesophageal necrosis, there were no other autopsy findings to explain the elevated CK.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>Oesophageal muscle necrosis may be associated with severe elevations in CK concentrations and oesophageal disease should be considered if there is no obvious trauma, polymyopathy or cardiac disease in feline patients with markedly elevated CK.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"20551169261448250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13222393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148144674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acute vitamin D toxicosis in an adult cat.","authors":"Ilissa R Chasnick, Nyssa A Levy","doi":"10.1177/20551169261448248","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20551169261448248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 4-year-old, female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Michigan State University emergency service for evaluation of vomiting 4 days after exposure to vitamin D supplements. On intake, the patient was found to have ionized hypercalcemia and azotemia. The patient was hospitalized for calciuresis therapy including fluid diuresis, diuretics, steroids, bisphosphonates and a nasogastric feeding tube. She was discharged and presented for a recheck evaluation and was then hospitalized a second time for the same therapy as her first hospitalization. Eventually the patient was discharged for at-home care with subcutaneous fluids and oral medications because of financial constraints. Approximately 52 days after exposure, the cat was noted to have persistently normal ionized calcium and all medications were discontinued.</p><p><strong>Relevance and novel information: </strong>This case provides a unique example of acute vitamin D toxicosis in a cat and a financially conservative approach in treating a toxicity with a significant half-life.</p>","PeriodicalId":36588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports","volume":"12 1","pages":"20551169261448248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13234386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}