Vision (Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Discordance Between Eye-Specific Clinical Outcomes and Patient-Reported Visual Function After Faricimab Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Case Report.","authors":"Tereza Pařilová, Libor Hejsek, Lenka Hodačová","doi":"10.3390/vision10040060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10040060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a retinal disease of older adults causing central vision loss associated with macular neovascularization. Treatment response is commonly evaluated using visual acuity and retinal morphology. These measures may not fully reflect patient-perceived benefit. We report two older adults with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with faricimab who demonstrated discordance between clinical and patient-reported outcomes. In the first case, best-corrected visual acuity changed from 20/200 to 20/180 and central retinal thickness decreased from 480 to 389 µm, whereas the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 score increased from 33.87 to 60.99 and the exploratory ordinal colour-vividness rating was 25 at baseline and 100 at follow-up. In the second case, best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/45 and central retinal thickness decreased from 341 to 186 µm, whereas the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 score declined from 67.08 to 33.17 and the exploratory ordinal colour-vividness rating was 75 at baseline and 25 at follow-up. Changes in patient-reported visual functioning may not always parallel conventional clinical outcomes, while the contrasting exploratory colour-vividness ratings observed in these two cases warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600179/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for In-Flight Detection of Space-Related Ocular Trauma: Bridging Diagnostic Gaps in Microgravity.","authors":"Jason Zheng, Jainam Shah, Sachin Pathuri, Joshua Ong, Andrew G Lee","doi":"10.3390/vision10040059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10040059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular trauma represents a threat to crew safety and mission performance in space. Microgravity, confined environments, and exposure to particulate matter, chemicals, and mechanical hazards place astronauts at risk for corneal abrasions, open-globe injuries, chemical burns, lens dislocation, retinal detachment, orbital fractures, and barotrauma. Diagnostic capabilities during spaceflight remain limited by resources, lack of specialist expertise, and communication delays with Earth. Artificial intelligence, particularly convolutional neural networks and multimodal models, may help address these gaps through image interpretation, risk stratification, and longitudinal monitoring. Convolutional neural networks can extract hierarchical features from imaging data to identify subtle structural abnormalities, while multimodal models integrate imaging with clinical and environmental parameters to generate more comprehensive assessments. Terrestrial ophthalmology studies demonstrate the potential of these approaches across optical coherence tomography, ultrasound, fundus photography, and anterior-segment imaging. This review examines how these capabilities can be matched to ocular injuries during spaceflight, compares the suitability of different approaches across injury types, and identifies pathways toward autonomous care. Particular emphasis is given to spaceflight-related imaging and physiologic changes, constrained onboard hardware, and integration into workflows that support non-expert crew members. Collectively, these applications may expand diagnostic capabilities and enable earlier, more informed management during long-duration missions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Göhringer et al. Grasping Discriminates Between Object Sizes Less Not More Accurately than the Perceptual System. <i>Vision</i> 2019, <i>3</i>, 36.","authors":"Frederic Göhringer, Miriam Löhr-Limpens, Constanze Hesse, Thomas Schenk","doi":"10.3390/vision10040058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10040058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There was an error in the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149031541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Clinical Success Levels on Postoperative RNFL Development After Trabeculectomy.","authors":"Caroline Bormann, Carlo Fiore, Xiao Shang, Nathanael Urs Häner, Martin S Zinkernagel, Jan Darius Unterlauft","doi":"10.3390/vision10030057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10030057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trabeculectomy is the standard surgical treatment for advanced glaucoma, yet the relationship between postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and long-term structural preservation remains unclear. We investigated longitudinal changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness following trabeculectomy in primary open-angle glaucoma and evaluated whether lower postoperative IOP levels are associated with improved structural stability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective consecutive case series included 106 eyes undergoing trabeculectomy between 2010 and 2020 with follow-up of up to 5 years. RNFL thickness was assessed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at baseline and during follow-up. IOP, glaucoma medication use, best-corrected visual acuity, and visual field mean defect were recorded longitudinally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean IOP decreased from 23.8 ± 0.9 mmHg preoperatively to 10.5 ± 0.7 mmHg at 1 month and remained significantly reduced at 5 years (13.8 ± 0.7 mmHg), with sustained reduction in medication use. RNFL thickness declined significantly from 64.4 ± 2.0 µm during the first postoperative year to 57.2 ± 1.6 µm and subsequently remained relatively stable. While eyes achieving a postoperative IOP <12 mmHg showed no statistically significant RNFL thinning compared to baseline, eyes with higher postoperative IOP exhibited greater structural decline despite meeting conventional success criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trabeculectomy provides durable IOP reduction; however, early structural loss may still occur. Our findings suggest that lower postoperative IOP levels may be associated with greater structural preservation, although this relationship requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucoma Filtration Surgery in Rabbit Pre-Clinical Models: Design, Drug Dosing and Reporting Practices 2011-2025.","authors":"Maryam Khan, Liam Bourke, Adrián M Alambiaga-Caravaca, Tauseef Ahmad, Mark Lemoine, Iluore Asekomhe, Golestan Salimbeigi, Nina Pohler, Colm O'Brien, Alan J Hibbitts","doi":"10.3390/vision10030056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10030056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The rabbit (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) is a currently indispensable pre-clinical model for fundamental discovery and translational research in glaucoma surgery. While not fully representative of the human eye, the rabbit often serves as the site of the first robust assessment of a new chemical entity in an anatomically and physiologically relevant setting. In later stages of development, the rabbit is also a critical model for regulatory-facing Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-graded pre-clinical safety studies. However, while guidelines exist for human glaucoma surgeries in terms of patient profile vs. surgery type and success criteria, there is limited collated information available on how rabbit glaucoma filtration surgeries are designed, use and mode of administration of anti-metabolite Mitomycin-C (MMC) and post-operative antibiotic and anti-inflammatory dosing regimes. These disparities limit cross-comparability in studies and encourage sub-optimal study design and incomplete reporting. <b>Methods</b>: This review investigated and collated current procedural and reporting practices based on 100 peer-reviewed rabbit glaucoma filtration surgery publications from the years 2011-2025. Publications meeting acceptance criteria were segmented into pre-operative designs (ethical approval, rabbit characteristics, study duration), intra-operative (surgery type, surgical approach, use of MMC) and post-operative follow-up (antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, analysis and adverse events). <b>Results</b>: It was found that there were clear preferences in animal model selection, study design and intra-/post-operative anti-fibrotic/inflammatory treatment regimes. Additionally, there were several areas identified where reporting was ambiguous or omitted, e.g., rabbit age, post-operative treatments, adverse events. The levels of omission were 16-30% and represent areas for improvement and highlight the need for ongoing review in pre-clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning-Based Classification of Retinitis Pigmentosa from Color Fundus Images: A Reproducible Benchmark and Screening-Oriented Pipeline.","authors":"Francesco Cappellani, Giovanni Rubegni, Andrea Caruso, Alessia Cosentino, Roberta Torrisi, Grazia Pia Raciti, Marco Mastroeni, Gabriella Lupo, Caterina Gagliano, Massimiliano Salfi","doi":"10.3390/vision10030055","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10030055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare inherited retinal disorder in which fundus changes may be subtle and heterogeneous, limiting detection from color fundus images. This study evaluated multiple machine learning architectures for binary-RP versus healthy-control classification, and developed a reproducible pipeline for research-oriented screening support. Three publicly available fundus datasets were combined, including 248 RP images and 1045 healthy controls. An 80/20 train-test split was used, with targeted data augmentation applied only to RP images in the training set to address class imbalance. ConvNeXt-Tiny, ResNet101V2, EfficientNet-B0, a baseline classifier, and custom shallow convolutional neural networks were compared using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, confusion matrices, and ROC/precision-recall analyses. A compact ShallowCNN provided the best sensitivity-performance trade-off. On the fixed image-level test set, Adam with a learning rate of 0.0005 reached 96.51% accuracy, while SGD with a learning rate of 0.001 achieved 98% RP recall, minimizing false negatives. The trained models were exported to ONNX and integrated into a Windows inference tool. The proposed framework provides an open, reproducible benchmark for technical evaluation, although external validation is required before clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Quality Degradation Following Nd:YAG Laser-Induced Intraocular Lens Pitting: A Multimodal Experimental Study.","authors":"Laura De Luca, Feliciana Menna, Stefano Lupo, Elisa Ruello, Barbara Testagrossa, Giuseppe Acri, Matteo Mario Carlà, Antonio Baldascino, Enzo Maria Vingolo, Pasquale Aragona, Alessandro Meduri","doi":"10.3390/vision10030054","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10030054","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nd laser posterior capsulotomy is the standard treatment for posterior capsule opacification following cataract surgery. Although generally considered safe, inadvertent laser impacts on the intraocular lens (IOL) optic may induce permanent surface defects that contribute to postoperative dysphotopsias and reduced visual quality. This experimental study investigated the optical consequences of Nd laser-induced damage on two commercially available hydrophobic acrylic IOLs, focusing on retinal light distribution and optical image quality. Two hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOL models, the CT LUCIA (Carl Zeiss Meditec) and the AcrySof IQ (Alcon), were mounted on a customized experimental holder and exposed to standardized Nd laser applications consisting of 5, 10, or 15 laser shots. Laser interactions were documented using the PhysioGo.Lite laser platform combined with infrared thermal imaging. Untreated IOLs served as controls. Optical performance was subsequently evaluated using a standardized optical bench according to ISO recommendations. Point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF) analyses were performed to quantify retinal image quality, light scattering, and optical degradation. Retinal light distribution was assessed using a high-resolution projection screen simulating the retinal image. Laser exposure produced permanent focal defects on the anterior optical surface of both IOL models, resulting in measurable optical degradation. Even the lowest laser exposure (five shots) generated detectable alterations in light propagation, characterized by increased peripheral light scattering, enlargement of the PSF halo, reduced central peak intensity, and irregular light distribution across the simulated retinal plane. Descriptively, increasing numbers of laser impacts were associated with more pronounced optical disturbances, particularly in the AcrySof IQ samples. MTF analysis demonstrated a reduction in optical performance across multiple spatial frequencies, indicating deterioration of image contrast and resolving power. Although both hydrophobic acrylic IOL models exhibited optical alterations after laser exposure, descriptive differences in the magnitude and distribution of light scatter suggested a possible influence of material composition, refractive index, and surface microarchitecture. These observations should be considered preliminary because of the limited sample size and absence of inferential statistical analysis. Under the present experimental conditions, Nd:YAG laser-induced pitting was associated with measurable structural and optical alterations in two hydrophobic acrylic IOL models. Surface defects alter retinal light distribution, increase forward light scatter, and reduce optical quality, providing a possible optical mechanism that may contribute to postoperative dysphotopsias, although clinical visual symptoms were not directly evaluated in this study. These findings highlight the importance of meticu","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Inequalities: Self-Reported Visual Difficulty and Eye Care Utilization Among Women in Malawi, a Secondary Analysis of the 2024 Demographic and Health Survey Data.","authors":"Selassie Tagoh, Eugene Buah Enimah, Obed Sarpong Adusei, Susarah Maria Richter, Michael Agyemang Kwarteng","doi":"10.3390/vision10030053","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10030053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to identify the factors associated with self-reported visual difficulty and uptake of spectacle/contact lens correction among women of reproductive age in Malawi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of the 2024 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data. Outcomes were self-reported visual difficulty and use of spectacles/contact lenses. Age, residence, region, education, and marital status were examined as associated variables. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Chi-square tests, multinomial and binary logistic regression models were used to assess associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 5634 women aged 15-49 years; 78.3% lived in rural areas, and 62.4% had primary education. Self-reported visual difficulty was significantly associated with region, age, residence, education, and marital status (all <i>p</i> ≤ 0.004). Reported use of spectacle/contact lenses was also associated with these factors. Increasing age was associated with higher odds of reporting \"some difficulty\" seeing (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.06-1.09). Compared with women in the Southern region, those from the Northern (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-2.9) and Central regions (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1) had higher odds of reporting visual difficulty, with stronger associations for \"a lot of difficulty\" in the Central region (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-8.6). Urban residence was associated with higher odds whereas being married/living together, divorced/separated, or widowed was associated with lower odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-reported visual difficulty and use of spectacles/contact lenses varied by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Targeted strategies to improve access to affordable eye care may reduce barriers to uptake of corrective services and reduce visual impairment among women in Malawi.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Cronbach's Alpha Is Not Enough: Implications for the Clinical Use of Vision-Related Patient-Reported Outcomes.","authors":"Mario Cantó-Cerdán, María C Martínez-Hergueta, Ana Siverio-Colomina, Pilar Yébana-Rubio, Jorge Alió-Del-Barrio, Pilar Cacho-Martínez, Ángel García-Muñoz, Antonio Martínez-Abad","doi":"10.3390/vision10030052","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10030052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in vision science are commonly evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, yet Rasch-based statistics may provide different information about their reliability. This study compared Cronbach's alpha, a Classical Test Theory (CTT) index, with Rasch person reliability and the person separation ratio across three vision-related questionnaires: the Symptom Questionnaire for Visual Dysfunctions (SQVD; <i>n</i> = 434), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI; <i>n</i> = 294), and the Quality of Vision questionnaire (QoV; <i>n</i> = 288), using retrospective data from unselected clinical populations. Cronbach's alpha indicated acceptable internal consistency across all questionnaires (α = 0.80-0.87), whereas Rasch person reliability was lower (0.62-0.80) and person separation ratios ranged from 1.29 to 2.00, indicating more limited discrimination. Item reliability was generally high (0.90-0.97) overall but declined in subgroups with restricted score variability. Discrepancies were most pronounced in the OSDI, where estimates approached their theoretical floor when subgroups were defined by the questionnaire's own scores. Cronbach's alpha and Rasch-based statistics are not interchangeable and capture different aspects of measurement precision: alpha may overestimate internal consistency, whereas person reliability and the separation ratio provide complementary information about discriminatory capacity. These findings support reporting both CTT and Rasch-based reliability statistics when evaluating vision-related PROMs in clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaze Tracking of Pitched Balls in Coupled and Uncoupled Tasks.","authors":"Mason Clutter, Nick Fogt","doi":"10.3390/vision10030051","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision10030051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies suggest that anticipation in sports-related tasks is better if the task maintains the coupling of perception and action required in competition. Study 1 addressed the question of whether gaze tracking varies between coupled tasks in baseball and softball batters. Fifteen subjects executed either a coupled task (partially swinging a bat at an approaching ball) or an uncoupled task (predicting the passing height of an approaching ball). The ball was stopped by a net 8 feet (2.44 m) in front of the subject. Rapid gaze shifts occurred for 53.0% of the pitches in the uncoupled task, and for 39.7% of the pitches in the coupled task (<i>p</i> = 0.039). The number of predictive gaze shifts toward the terminal ball location in each condition (i.e., the expected location of bat-ball contact in the coupled condition, and the observer in the uncoupled condition) did not vary between the conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.388). Study 2 examined whether gaze fixations on the net found in Study 1 occurred because passing height judgments could not be improved at distances closer than 8 feet from the observer. Passing height judgments were lower when the ball was allowed to pass by the observer, suggesting that subjects processed trajectory information within 8 feet.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"10 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148833134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}