Vision (Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"The Ellipsoid Zone Is a Structural Biomarker for Visual Outcomes in Diabetic Macular Edema and Macular Hole Management.","authors":"Shivani Chaturvedi, Amisha Paul, Samya Singh, Levent Akduman, Sandeep Saxena","doi":"10.3390/vision9010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The goal was to study the ellipsoid zone (EZ) as a structural biomarker for final visual outcomes after pharmacological intervention in center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME) and surgical intervention for full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a tertiary care center-based retrospective study. After sample size calculations, data from 64 consecutive cases were collected, with subjects aged between 40 and 60 years. Thirty-two cases of DME with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and 32 cases of FTMHs with successful macular hole surgery (MHS) were studied. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) data were collected. Measurements of EZ defects documented at the time of presentation and 12 weeks after intervention were analyzed using the caliper function of the machine. EZ restoration was graded, and a Pearson correlation analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean logMAR VA decreased after intravitreal therapy (IVT) from 1.12 ± 0.22 pre-intervention to 0.81 ± 0.41 post-intervention and after MHS, from 1.05 + 0.25 to 0.62 + 0.11 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). EZ disruption reduced from 73.4% to 19.4% after IVT and from 67% to 19.3% after MHS. DME and MHS postoperative visual acuity and residual EZ defect were observed to have a statistically significant linear correlation (r = 0.794, <i>p</i> < 0.001 and r = 0.894, <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). The EZ was found to be an excellent structural biomarker for final BCVA (area under curve = 0.95 for DME and 1.00 for MHS).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Notable EZ restoration results were obtained from pharmacological and surgical interventions. The EZ proves to be a critical structural biomarker for predicting visual outcomes in center-involving DME and MHS.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colour Vision Deficits in Children with Amblyopia: Impact of Angular Size of Stimuli on Detection.","authors":"Kristine Kalnica-Dorosenko, Anzelika Litavnieka, Renars Truksa, Aiga Svede, Sandra Valeina","doi":"10.3390/vision9010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates colour vision deficits in children with amblyopia by employing a computerized colour vision test with varying stimulus sizes (1°, 2°, and 3°). The aim is to delineate the impact of amblyopia on colour discrimination in children and to determine the effectiveness of the computerized colour vision test in detecting these deficits. The study involved 40 participants, divided into 20 children with amblyopia and 20 without amblyopia (control group). Our findings reveal that, during binocular viewing, children with amblyopia exhibit significant impairments in colour vision both for red-green and blue-yellow axes, primarily for 1° chromatic stimuli, but not for larger stimuli (2° and 3°). These findings offer valuable insight into the functional visual limitations in pediatric amblyopia, potentially guiding more targeted clinical assessments and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaping the Space: A Role for the Hippocampus in Mental Imagery Formation.","authors":"Andrea Blomkvist","doi":"10.3390/vision9010002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental imagery is claimed to underlie a host of abilities, such as episodic memory, working memory, and decision-making. A popular view holds that mental imagery relies on the perceptual system and that it can be said to be 'vision in reverse'. Whereas vision exploits the bottom-up neural pathways of the visual system, mental imagery exploits the top-down neural pathways. But the contribution of some other neural areas remains overlooked. In this article, I explore important contributions of the hippocampus, a neural area traditionally associated with episodic memory, to mental imagery formation. I highlight evidence which supports the view that the hippocampus contributes to the spatial model used for mental imagery and argue that we can distinguish different hippocampal circuits which contribute to different kinds of imagery, such as object imagery, scene imagery, and imagery with a temporal aspect. This has significant upshots for mental imagery research, as it opens a new avenue for further research into the role of the hippocampus in a variety of imagery tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Hydration on Viscoelastic Tensile Properties of Sclera.","authors":"Hamed Hatami-Marbini","doi":"10.3390/vision9010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work characterized the effects of hydration on the viscoelastic tensile properties of the sclera. Scleral strips were dissected from the posterior region near the optic nerve head of porcine eyes in the superior-inferior direction. The samples were divided into four hydration groups and their mechanical response was characterized by conducting uniaxial tensile stress-relaxation experiments. An exponential relation and logarithmic expression were used to numerically represent the experimental measurements during the ramp and relaxation periods, respectively. A nonlinear increase in the tensile stress during the ramp period was observed for all strips. Furthermore, it was found that dehydrated specimens had stiffer tensile properties. In particular, it was observed that the maximum and equilibrium stresses increased significantly with decreasing hydration. Furthermore, it was found that the viscoelastic tensile response of porcine scleral strips at different hydration levels could be collapsed onto a single normalized curve. The findings of the present work showed that hydration had significant effects on the viscoelastic tensile properties of sclera.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Variations in Vergence and Accommodation Responses Following Virtual Reality Gameplay.","authors":"Alona Sumarokova, Reinis Alksnis, Dagni Rappo, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina, Tatjana Pladere","doi":"10.3390/vision8040069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision8040069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality (VR) can challenge the visual system, leading to temporary oculomotor changes, though the degree of change varies among individuals. While the vergence and accommodation system plays a crucial role in VR perception, it remains unclear whether individuals whose visual functions fall outside clinical norms experience larger changes. Thus, our study aimed to investigate whether changes in vergence and accommodation responses following VR gameplay differ between individuals with and without non-strabismic binocular and accommodative disorders. To assess this, both subjective and objective measurements were conducted before and after 20 min of playing Beat Saber. Results revealed significant alterations across both subjective measurements-near point of convergence and near point of accommodation-and objective measurements, including eye refraction, accommodation lag, and accommodative microfluctuations at far. Moreover, individuals with non-strabismic binocular and accommodative disorders exhibited larger accommodative microfluctuations at far compared to the control group. Overall, these findings indicate that considering individual differences in vergence and accommodation responses is important when evaluating the impact of VR on the visual system and can be helpful in the design and use of VR systems, particularly for individuals with binocular and accommodative disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Horizons in Myopia Management: Bridging Epidemiology and Clinical Innovation.","authors":"Nir Erdinest, Yair Morad","doi":"10.3390/vision8040068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision8040068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1975, Brit J [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Applications for Videoterminal-Associated Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Maria Angela Romeo, Giulia Coco, Andrea Taloni, Giovanna Carnovale-Scalzo, Vincenzo Scorcia, Giuseppe Giannaccare","doi":"10.3390/vision8040067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision8040067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye disease (DED) has become increasingly prevalent in the digital era, largely due to prolonged screen exposure. The excessive use of digital devices contributes to inappropriate blink frequency and dynamics, leading to ocular surface dryness and discomfort. Additionally, digital screen use has broader implications for systemic health, including visual strain, headaches, and disrupted circadian rhythms caused by blue light exposure. Previous studies have shown that prolonged screen time correlates with altered blink frequency and increased symptom severity in DED patients, exacerbating the imbalance in tear film production and evaporation. Blinking dynamics, particularly blink rate and completeness, are crucial in maintaining ocular surface moisture. Incomplete blinking impairs meibomian gland function, reducing lipid secretion, which is essential for preventing tear evaporation. Raising patient awareness through educational material, ergonomic adjustments, and blinking exercises has been shown to mitigate these effects. Digital tools that provide targeted educational interventions can be particularly effective in improving blink dynamics and overall ocular comfort. This study evaluates the efficacy of digital applications in optimizing blinking dynamics and enhancing tear film stability. The findings suggest that these innovations improve patient outcomes by encouraging healthier eye care practices. However, further research is needed to assess their long-term impact across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Bench Evaluation of a Novel, Hydrophobic, Acrylic, One-Piece, Polyfocal Intraocular Lens with a \"Zig-Zag\" L-Loop Haptic Design.","authors":"Andreas F Borkenstein, Eva-Maria Borkenstein, Pooria Omidi, Achim Langenbucher","doi":"10.3390/vision8040066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision8040066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The number of presbyopia-correcting (premium) intraocular lenses (IOLs) is growing steadily as the desire for spectacle independence after cataract surgery increases. The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate a newly launched hydrophobic, acrylic, polyfocal, refractive intraocular lens with a new optical design and geometry. This polyfocal IOL has three different zones (within the optic) with radially asymmetric design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed optical bench tests to calculate the optical characteristics of the sample. The optical performance and quality of IOLs based on ISO 11979-2 and 11979-9 requirements were analyzed with the NIMO TR0815 (Lambda-X). In addition, optical quality metrics were evaluated with the IOLA MFD device (Rotlex). Sphere, Add, modulation transfer function (MTF), the energy distribution between the modes and the MTF along the whole range from far to near were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The power histogram showed that the tested IOL has the characteristics of a polyfocal IOL with a wide range of optical power between 20.5 and 24.5 diopters. Two distinct peaks were observed, indicating bifocal functionality. In the radial and axial power surface map, all three zones, stated by the company, could be detected. Larger apertures lead to a significant increase in MTF at the far peak, indicating better visual acuity for distant objects under low-light conditions. It was observed that in small aperture sizes, intermediate vision seems to be dominant. The energy distribution remained almost constant with increasing aperture size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This laboratory study was able to confirm the properties of the polyfocal lens stated by the company. Three optical zones could be identified. However, further optical bench tests should be performed to evaluate the new lens under tilted and decentered conditions. Clinical studies have to confirm that the presbyopia-correcting, polyfocal lens can achieve good clinical results with high patient satisfaction without disturbing side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Timing for Intraocular Pressure Measurement Following Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis.","authors":"William J Herspiegel, Brian E Yu, Hamzah S Algodi, Monali S Malvankar-Mehta, Cindy M L Hutnik","doi":"10.3390/vision8040065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision8040065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-operative increases in intraocular pressure (IOP) are a frequent complication following phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Assessment of IOP is an essential element in post-operative checks. Despite this, guidance regarding the optimal timing remains vague. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the current status of evidence that may help guide best practice regarding the optimal time following phacoemulsification cataract surgery to measure IOP. A comprehensive literature search was performed on MEDLINE and EMBASE. In two stages, independent reviewers screened articles that reported IOP measurements following uncomplicated cataract surgery. Risk of Bias Assessment was conducted following data extraction. The meta-analysis incorporated 57 randomized clinical studies involving a total of 6318 participants and 7089 eyes. Post-operative hour one had a significant decrease in IOP from baseline, while hour two had a non-significant increase. Post-operative hours four, six, and eight were the only timepoints to have a significant increase in IOP. Finally, post-operative day one had no significant change in IOP, while day two had a non-significant decrease. These results suggest that the optimal time to measure IOP is within the first 4-8 h following phacoemulsification cataract extraction. Taking measurements too soon or too late could result in missed IOP spikes.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Endothelial Microscopy: Does a Manual Recognition of the Endothelial Cells Help the Morphometric Analysis Compared to a Fully Automatic Approach?","authors":"Giulia Carlotta Rizzo, Rosa Di Grassi, Erika Ponzini, Silvia Tavazzi, Fabrizio Zeri","doi":"10.3390/vision8040064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision8040064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated whether manual integration in the recognition of the endothelial cells produces different outcomes of morphometric parameters compared to a fully automatic approach. Eight hundred and ninety endothelial images, originally acquired by the Perseus Specular Microscope (CSO, Florence, Italy), from seven positions of right and left corneas were selected from the database of the Research Centre in Optics and Optometry at the University of Milano-Bicocca. For each image selected, two procedures of cell identification were performed by the Perseus: an automatic identification and a manual-integrated procedure to add potential additional cells with the available editing tool. At the end of both procedures, the endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and hexagonality (HEX) of the mosaic were calculated. The HEX in the two procedures was significantly different for all comparisons (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but clinically negligible. No significant differences were found for the CV and ECD in the images of both eyes irrespective of the corneal position of acquisition (except for ECD in three corneal portions, <i>p</i> < 0.05). To conclude, it is possible to recognise a significantly higher number of cells using the manual-integrated procedure than it is using the fully automatic one, but this does not change the morphological parameters achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}