Vision (Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Attention in Depth: Event-Related and Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials During Attentional Shifts Between Depth Planes in a Novel Stimulation Setup.","authors":"Jonas Jänig, Norman Forschack, Christopher Gundlach, Matthias M Müller","doi":"10.3390/vision9020028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision9020028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visuo-spatial attention acts as a filter for the flood of visual information. Until recently, experimental research in this area focused on neural dynamics of shifting attention in 2D space, leaving attentional shifts in depth less explored. In this study, twenty-three participants were cued to attend to one of two overlapping random-dot kinematograms (RDKs) in different stereoscopic depths in a novel experimental setup. These RDKs flickered at two different frequencies to evoke Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs), a neural signature of early visual stimulus processing. Subjects were instructed to detect coherent motion events in the to-be-attended-to plane/RDK. Behavioral data showed that subjects were able to perform the task and selectively respond to events at the cued depth. Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by these events-namely the Selection Negativity (SN) and the P3b-showed greater amplitudes for coherent motion events in the to-be-attended-to compared to the to-be-ignored plane/RDK, indicating that attention was shifted accordingly. Although our new experimental setting reliably evoked SSVEPs, SSVEP amplitude time courses did not differ between the to-be-attended-to and to-be-ignored stimuli. These results suggest that early visual areas may not optimally represent depth-selective attention, which might rely more on higher processing stages, as suggested by the ERP results.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaze Error Estimation and Linear Transformation to Improve Accuracy of Video-Based Eye Trackers.","authors":"Varun Padikal, Alex Plonkowski, Penelope F Lawton, Laura K Young, Jenny C A Read","doi":"10.3390/vision9020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision9020029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eye tracking technology plays a crucial role in various fields such as psychology, medical training, marketing, and human-computer interaction. However, achieving high accuracy over a larger field of view in eye tracking systems remains a significant challenge, both in free viewing and in a head-stabilized condition. In this paper, we propose a simple approach to improve the accuracy of video-based eye trackers through the implementation of linear coordinate transformations. This method involves applying stretching, shearing, translation, or their combinations to correct gaze accuracy errors. Our investigation shows that re-calibrating the eye tracker via linear transformations significantly improves the accuracy of video-based tracker over a large field of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tear Film Changes and Ocular Symptoms Associated with Soft Contact Lens Wear.","authors":"Eduardo Insua Pereira, Madalena Lira, Ana Paula Sampaio","doi":"10.3390/vision9020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision9020027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discomfort is one of the leading causes associated with contact lens dropout. This study investigated changes in the tear film parameters induced by lens wear and their relationship with ocular symptomology. Thirty-four lens wearers (32.9 ± 9.1 years, 7 men) and thirty-three non-lens wearers (29.4 ± 6.8 years, 12 men) participated in this clinical setting. Subjects were categorised into asymptomatic (n = 11), moderate (n = 15), or severe symptomatic (n = 8). Clinical evaluations were performed in the morning, including blink frequency and completeness, pre-corneal (NIBUT) and pre-lens non-invasive break-up (PL-NIBUT), lipid interference patterns, and tear meniscus height. Contact lens wearers had a higher percentage of incomplete blinks (37% vs. 19%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and reduced tear meniscus height compared to controls (0.24 ± 0.08 vs. 0.28 ± 0.10 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.014). PL-NIBUT was shorter than NIBUT (7.6 ± 6.2 vs. 10.7 ± 9.3 s. <i>p</i> = 0.002). Significant statistical differences between the groups were found in the PL-NIBUT (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and NIBUT (<i>p</i> = 0.05), with asymptomatic recording higher times than symptomatic. Long-term use of silicone-hydrogel lenses can affect tear stability, production, and adequate distribution through blinking. Ocular symptomology correlates with tear stability parameters in both lens wearers and non-wearers.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Treatments for Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects.","authors":"Jeonghyun Esther Kwon, Christie Kang, Amirhossein Moghtader, Sumaiya Shahjahan, Zahra Bibak Bejandi, Ahmad Alzein, Ali R Djalilian","doi":"10.3390/vision9020026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision9020026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent corneal epithelial defects (PCEDs) are a challenging ocular condition characterized by the failure of complete corneal epithelial healing after an insult or injury, even after 14 days of standard care. There is a lack of therapeutics that target this condition and encourage re-epithelialization of the corneal surface in a timely and efficient manner. This review aims to provide an overview of current standards of management for PCEDs, highlighting novel, emerging treatments in this field. While many of the current non-surgical treatments aim to provide lubrication and mechanical support, novel non-surgical approaches are undergoing development to harness the proliferative and healing properties of human mesenchymal stem cells, platelets, lufepirsen, hyaluronic acid, thymosin ß4, <i>p</i>-derived peptide, and insulin-like growth factor for the treatment of PCEDs. Novel surgical treatments focus on corneal neurotization and limbal cell reconstruction using novel scaffold materials and cell-sources. This review provides insights into future PCED treatments that build upon current management guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"μετὰ τὰ ϕυσικά: Vision Far Beyond Physics.","authors":"Liliana Albertazzi","doi":"10.3390/vision9020025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/vision9020025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vision Science is an area of study that focuses on specific aspects of visual perception and is conducted mainly in the restricted and controlled context of laboratories. In so doing, the methodological procedures adopted necessarily reduce the variables of natural perception. For the time being, it is extremely difficult to perform psychophysical, neurophysiological, and phenomenological experiments in open scenery, even if that is our natural visual experience. This study discusses four points whose status in Vision Science is still controversial. Namely, the copresence of distinct visual phenomena of primary and secondary processes in natural vision; the role of visual imagination in seeing; the factors ruling the perception of global ambiguity and enigmatic and emotional atmosphere in the visual experience of a scene; and if the phenomena of subjective vision are considered, what kind of new laboratories are available for studying visual perception in open scenery. In the framework of experimental phenomenology and the use of pictorial art as a complement and test for perceptual phenomena, a case study from painting showing the copresence of perceptual and mental visual processes is also discussed and analyzed. This has involved measuring color and light in specific zones of the painting chosen for analysis, relative to visual templates, using Natural Color System notation cards.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12015877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Visual Input and Kinesiophobia on Postural Control and Quality of Life in Older Adults During One-Leg Standing Tasks.","authors":"Paul S Sung, Dongchul Lee","doi":"10.3390/vision9010024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual conditions significantly influence fear of movement (FOM), which is a condition that impairs postural control and quality of life (QOL). This study examined how visual conditions influence sway velocity during repeated one-leg standing tasks and explored the potential relationship between postural control, FOM, and QOL in older adults with and without FOM. Thirty-seven older adults with FOM and 37 controls participated in the study. Postural sway velocity was measured across three repeated trials under visual conditions in both anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. The groups demonstrated significant interaction under visual conditions (F = 7.43, <i>p</i> = 0.01). In the eyes-closed condition, the FOM group exhibited faster ML sway velocity than the control group, with significant differences across all three trials. There was a significant interaction between sway direction and vision (F = 27.41, <i>p</i> = 0.001). In addition, the FOM demonstrated strong negative correlations with several QOL measures on social functioning (r = -0.69, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and role limitations due to emotional problems (r = -0.58, <i>p</i> = 0.001) in the FOM group. While FOM influenced sway velocity during balance tasks, visual input emerged as a key determinant of postural control. The FOM group demonstrated a heightened reliance on vision, suggesting an increased need for vision-dependent strategies to maintain balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Regularity Contrast and Luminance Polarity.","authors":"Frederick A A Kingdom, Hua-Chun Sun, Elena Gheorghiu, Martin S Silva","doi":"10.3390/vision9010023","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Texture regularity, for example, the repeating pattern of a carpet, brickwork, or tree bark, is a ubiquitous feature of the visual world. The perception of regularity has generally been studied using multi-element textures whose regularity is manipulated by the addition of random jitter to the elements' nominal positions. Here, we investigate the selectivity of regularity perception for the luminance contrast polarities of the elements. Our psychophysical tool was simultaneous regularity contrast, or SRC, the phenomenon in which the perceived regularity of a central test texture is shifted away from that of the surrounding regularity. Stimuli were composed of arrays of dark and/or white Gaussian elements. Surround and center test textures consisted of either the same (\"congruent\") or opposite (\"incongruent\") polarities. In addition, we tested a \"mixed\" condition consisting of a random mixture of polarities in both the surround and test. The perceived regularity of the test was measured using a match stimulus with the same polarity dimension as the test. The regularity of the match stimulus was adjusted on each trial using a forced-choice staircase procedure and the point-of-subjective equality between the match and test regularities was estimated from the resulting psychometric functions. SRC was observed in both congruent and incongruent conditions, but with the mixed condition, the perceived regularity of the test was shifted toward rather than away from the surround regularity, an example of assimilation, not contrast. The analysis revealed no significant difference in the magnitude of SRC between the congruent and incongruent conditions, suggesting that SRC could be mediated solely by polarity agnostic mechanisms, although there are other possible explanations for the \"null\" result. However, trend analysis using a non-linear (sigmoidal-shaped) function indicated a significant difference between the congruent and incongruent conditions, which, together with the mixed polarity results, suggests the presence of at least some polarity selective mechanisms. Previous reports have suggested that regularity perception is encoded by the \"peakedness\" in the distribution of spatial-frequency-tuned linear filter responses. We modelled SRC quantitatively by incorporating peakedness with spatial-frequency-selective surround inhibition and found that the model gave a good account of the SRC data. Possible reasons for the assimilation effect-with the mixed polarity condition are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accommodative Response to Asymmetrical Accommodative Stimuli.","authors":"Vasili Marshev, Jean-Louis de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, Vincent Nourrit","doi":"10.3390/vision9010022","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in head-up-displays have increased the number of instances where the visual system may face a different accommodative demand for each eye. A limited number of studies on aniso-accommodation exist, reporting contradictory results. We tested the natural capacity of observers to aniso-accommodate anisometropic stimuli. A dichoptic task allowed us to account for certain confounds, including high-level accommodation control. A 2AFC visual task was used, where participants judged if two overlapping sinusoidal gratings, presented dichoptically, had the same orientation. The gratings' spatial frequency could be 1, 4 or 10 c/deg. The accommodative demand for each eye could be independently set to 2D or 4D. The accommodative response for each eye was recorded using an autorefractometer. Higher spatial frequencies and anisometropy had a negative impact on task accuracy. Contrary to expectations, spatial frequencies had no significant impact on accommodation response. The accommodation response to anisometropic stimuli was equal in the two eyes and leaned toward the lower of two demands. Our results confirm that when presented with asymmetrical accommodation demand, the two eyes tend to keep the same refractive power even in a dichoptic-requiring task. They also contradict the guidance of accommodation by spatial frequency in sinusoidal gratings. The visual task provided an objective measure of subjects' performance, allowing for these conclusions to be drawn.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iris Microcirculation After Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Pilot Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.","authors":"Dmitrii S Maltsev, Alexey N Kulikov, Alina A Kazak","doi":"10.3390/vision9010021","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This research was conducted to study changes in iris microcirculation using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma after selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients received standard SLT. OCTA examination of the iris was performed before SLT and one day and seven days after SLT using RTVue-XR with a 3 mm scan pattern and follow-up function. Iris vascularity was calculated with ImageJ software (version 1.53k) as vessel density on binarized images. Correlation between absolute or percentage changes in iris vessel density and intraocular pressure (IOP) changes was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 31 eyes (31 patients, 10 females, 70.7 ± 8.9 years) were included. Iris vessel density increased statistically significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.002) the day after SLT followed by a decrease to baseline level at one week. A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.57, <i>p</i> = 0.002) was found between the percentage change in iris vessel density the day after the procedure and IOP change at three months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SLT is associated with a transitory increase in iris vessel density, which can be observed with OCTA the day after the procedure. Substantial increase in iris vascularity is associated with a poorer IOP-lowering effect of SLT in eyes with open-angle glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Preferred Retinal Locus and Fixation Stability in Diabetic Macular Ischemia: A One-Year Study.","authors":"Alicia Lim, Wei-Shan Tsai, Sridevi Thottarath, Sarega Gurudas, Taffeta Ching Ning Yamaguchi, Elizabeth Pearce, Sobha Sivaprasad","doi":"10.3390/vision9010020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/vision9010020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eyes with maculopathy usually have poor fixation stability (FS) and develop a new preferred retinal locus (PRL). The exact FS and PRL have never been studied in diabetic macular ischemia (DMI). In this one-year observational study, we recruited 79 patients (145 eyes) with evidence of DMI on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Microperimetry (MP) was performed at baseline and 52 weeks. Overall, DMI eyes demonstrated relatively stable FS without evolving into eccentric fixation over one year. When comparing the better-seeing eye (BSE) with the worse-seeing eye (WSE) in eyes with bilateral DMI, the latter presented with a larger bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) initially but gradually aligned with the one in the BSE at the end of the study. Conversely, the foveolar retinal sensitivity (RS) worsened significantly alongside the extension of disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) in the WSE at one year despite the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) being maintained. This suggests that foveolar RS might reflect the start of DMI deterioration more sensitively than BCVA.</p>","PeriodicalId":36586,"journal":{"name":"Vision (Switzerland)","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}