{"title":"Low power test application with selective compaction in VLSI designs","authors":"Dariusz Czysz, J. Rajski, J. Tyszer","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401532","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an extended summary of the PhD thesis that tackles a low power decompression of test cubes in EDT environment and compaction of test responses in the presence of unknown states. The proposed low power decompression schemes allow one to reduce the load and unload switching activity by more than 93% and capture transitions by 52%. The X-masking scheme introduced in the thesis offers up to 48,000 x compression of control data, and eliminates all unknown states from test responses.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124248736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animesh Khare, P. Kishore, S. Reddy, K. Rajan, A. Sanghani
{"title":"Methodology for fault grading high speed I/O interfaces used in complex Graphics Processing Unit","authors":"Animesh Khare, P. Kishore, S. Reddy, K. Rajan, A. Sanghani","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401585","url":null,"abstract":"Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) requires I/O bandwidth of the order of Gbps which can be met by implementation of High Speed Serializer/Deserializer differential I/Os with clock embedded in data stream, traditionally tested using functional Built In Self Test (BIST). Implementation of these I/Os on complex graphics chip poses requirement for fault grading these I/Os. This paper presents the challenges involved in fault grading SerDes I/Os used in Nvidia's GPU chips and proposes methodology for extracting fault coverage numbers using industry standard tools.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134205225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Zordan, A. Bosio, L. Dilillo, P. Girard, A. Todri, A. Virazel, N. Badereddine
{"title":"Low-power SRAMs power mode control logic: Failure analysis and test solutions","authors":"L. Zordan, A. Bosio, L. Dilillo, P. Girard, A. Todri, A. Virazel, N. Badereddine","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401578","url":null,"abstract":"Low-power SRAMs embed power gating mechanisms for reducing static power consumption. Power gating is implemented through power switches for controlling the supply voltage applied to the various memory blocks (array, decoders, I/O logic, etc.). This way, one or more memory blocks can be disconnected from the power supply during a long period of inactivity, thus reducing static power consumption. This paper focuses on low-power SRAMs, and in particular, the power gating mechanisms of core-cells and peripheral circuitry. We provide a detailed analysis based on electrical simulations to characterize the impact of resistive-open defects on the power mode control logic. Based on this analysis, we introduce appropriate fault models that represent the observed faulty behaviors. Finally, we propose an efficient test solution targeting the set of identified fault models.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133123490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ayari, F. Azaïs, S. Bernard, M. Comte, V. Kerzérho, O. Potin, M. Renovell
{"title":"Making predictive analog/RF alternate test strategy independent of training set size","authors":"H. Ayari, F. Azaïs, S. Bernard, M. Comte, V. Kerzérho, O. Potin, M. Renovell","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401560","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an alternate test implementation based on model redundancy that permits to achieve lower prediction errors than a classical implementation, even if training is performed over a small set of devices. The idea is to build different regression models for each specification during the training phase, and then to verify prediction consistency between the different models during the production testing phase. In case of divergent predictions, the devices are removed from the alternate test tier and directed to a second tier where further testing may apply. The approach is illustrated on a real case study that employs production test data from an RF power amplifier. Results show that, on the contrary to the classical implementation where prediction accuracy degrades when reducing the training set size, the proposed approach permits to preserve prediction accuracy independently of the training set size, while only a very small number of devices are directed to the second tier of the test flow.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129068446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated optimization of semiconductor manufacturing: A machine learning approach","authors":"Nathan Kupp, Y. Makris","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401531","url":null,"abstract":"As semiconductor process nodes continue to shrink, the cost and complexity of manufacturing has dramatically risen. This manufacturing process also generates an immense amount of data, from raw silicon to final packaged product. The centralized collection of this data in industry information warehouses presents a promising and heretofore untapped opportunity for integrated analysis. With a machine learning-based methodology, latent correlations in the joint process-test space could be identified, enabling dramatic cost reductions throughout the manufacturing process. To realize such a solution, this work addresses three distinct problems within semiconductor manufacturing: (1) Reduce test cost for analog and RF devices, as testing can account for up to 50% of the overall production cost of an IC; (2) Develop algorithms for post-production performance calibration, enabling higher yields and optimal power-performance; and, (3) Develop algorithms for spatial modeling of sparsely sampled wafer test parameters. Herein these problems are addressed via the introduction of a model-view-controller (MVC) architecture, designed to support the application of machine learning methods to problems in semiconductor manufacturing. Results are demonstrated on a variety of semiconductor manufacturing data from TI and IBM.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125445920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FALCON: Rapid statistical fault coverage estimation for complex designs","authors":"S. Mirkhani, J. Abraham, T. Vo, H. Jun, B. Eklow","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401584","url":null,"abstract":"FALCON (FAst fauLt COverage estimatioN) is a scalable method for fault grading which uses local fault simulations to estimate the fault coverage of a large system. The generality of this method makes it applicable for any modular design. Our analysis shows that the run time of our algorithm is related to the number of gates and the number of IOs in a module, while fault simulation run time is related to the total number of gates in the system. We have measured fault coverage for OR1200 and IVM processors and compared the results with fault simulation performed by a commercial tool. We have also compared our results with fault sampling. Our results show that for large designs FALCON is an order of magnitude faster compared with fault simulation. It also has a smaller error rate compared with fault sampling when the size of design under test grows.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125177370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On modeling faults in FinFET logic circuits","authors":"Yuxi Liu, Q. Xu","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401565","url":null,"abstract":"FinFET transistor has much better short-channel characteristics than traditional planar CMOS transistor and will be widely used in next generation technology. Due to its significant structural difference from conventional planar devices, it is essential to revisit whether existing fault models are applicable to detect faults in FinFET logic gates. In this paper, we study some unique defects in FinFET logic circuits and simulate their faulty behavior. Our simulation study shows that most of the defects can be covered with existing fault models, but they vary under different cases and test strategies may need to be augmented to target them.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115623306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Conroy, James J. Grealish, H. Miles, Anthony J. Suto, A. Crouch, S. Meyers
{"title":"Board assisted-BIST: Long and short term solutions for testpoint erosion — Reaching into the DFx toolbox","authors":"Z. Conroy, James J. Grealish, H. Miles, Anthony J. Suto, A. Crouch, S. Meyers","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401572","url":null,"abstract":"Testpoint erosion, the continuously increasing loss of physical net/node access at the In-Circuit Test process step is putting board test strategies at risk [1]. In response, the International Electronics Manufacturing Industry (iNEMI) [2] 2009 road map and gap analysis [3] efforts launched a Technology Integration Group (TIG) `Built-in Self-Test Project' or `BIST projecty' [4] to drive a new test strategy. Integrated Circuit (IC) BIST was identified as a solution and the electronics industry was surveyed to ratify the decision. After analysis of the survey, the TIG determined that a two-tier strategy was needed. This paper presents key survey findings and the two tier strategies for both the long and short term to identify standardization requirements for IC BIST usage at the board-level.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127902247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Wohl, J. Waicukauski, Frederic Neuveux, J. E. Colburn
{"title":"Hybrid selector for high-X scan compression","authors":"P. Wohl, J. Waicukauski, Frederic Neuveux, J. E. Colburn","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401558","url":null,"abstract":"Scan testing and scan compression are widely used, but ever more complex designs require higher compression, while the increased density of unknown (X) values reduces effective compression. In this paper, we present a new selector design which blocks all Xs while allowing more observability of non-X scan cells and which requires fewer input control values. Supported by novel test generation algorithms, the selector enables very high compression even if the density of unknown values is very high and varies every shift. Results on industrial designs with various X densities demonstrate consistently high compression and test coverage.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125793912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Wen, Y. Nishida, K. Miyase, S. Kajihara, P. Girard, M. Tehranipoor, Laung-Terng Wang
{"title":"On pinpoint capture power management in at-speed scan test generation","authors":"X. Wen, Y. Nishida, K. Miyase, S. Kajihara, P. Girard, M. Tehranipoor, Laung-Terng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401548","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel scheme to manage capture power in a pinpoint manner for achieving guaranteed capture power safety, improved small-delay test capability, and minimal test cost impact in at-speed scan test generation. First, switching activity around each long path sensitized by a test vector is checked to characterize it as hot (with excessively-high switching activity), warm (with normal/functional switching activity), or cold (with excessively-low switching activity). Then, X-restoration/X-filling-based rescue is conducted on the test vector to reduce switching activity around hot paths. If the rescue is insufficient to turn a hot path into a warm path, mask is then conducted on expected test response data to instruct the tester to ignore the potentially-false test response value from the hot path, thus achieving guaranteed capture power safety. Finally, X-restoration/X-filling-based warm-up is conducted on the test vector to increase switching activity around cold paths for improving their small-delay test capability. This novel approach of pinpoint capture power management has significant advantages over the conventionalapproachofglobalcapturepower management, as demonstrated by evaluation results on large ITC'99 benchmark circuits and detailed path delay analysis.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132207644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}