{"title":"A digital method for phase noise measurement","authors":"A. Ecker, Kenneth Blakkan, M. Soma","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401537","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the test costs of phase noise measurements, we use all-digital methods to detect sinusoidal phase noise components while reducing the need for computation intensive FFT.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vulnerability-based Interleaving for Multi-Bit Upset (MBU) protection in modern microprocessors","authors":"M. Maniatakos, M. Michael, Y. Makris","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401594","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel methodology for protecting incore microprocessor memory arrays from Multiple Bit Upsets (MBUs). Recent radiation studies in modern SRAMs demonstrate that up to 55% of Single Event Upsets (SEUs) due to alpha particle or neutron strikes result in MBUs. Towards suppressing these MBUs, methods such as physical interleaving or periodic scrubbing have been successfully applied to caches. However, these methods are not applicable to in-core, high-performance Content-Addressable Memories (CAM) arrays, due to computational complexity, high delay and area overhead, and lack of information redundancy. To this end, we propose a cost-effective method for enhancing in-core memory array resiliency, called Vulnerability-based Interleaving (VBI). VBI physically disperses bit-lines based on their vulnerability factor and applies selective parity to these lines. Thereby, VBI aims to ensure that an MBU will affect at most one critical bit-field, so that the selective parity will detect the error and a subsequent pipeline flush will remove its effects. Experimental results employing simulation of realistic MBU fault models on the instruction queue of the Alpha 21264 microprocessor in a 65nm process, demonstrate that a 30% selective parity protection of VBI-arranged bit-lines reduces vulnerability by 94%.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134020959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low cost high-speed test data acquisition: Accurate period estimation driven signal reconstruction using incoherent subsampling","authors":"Thomas Moon, H. Choi, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401591","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to estimate the fundamental period (frequency) of a highspeed pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) or multitone signal using incoherent subsampling. While incoherent subsampling suffers from spectral leakage due to the mismatch between the input test signal and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) basis, the proposed algorithm efficiently resolves the spectral leakage problem using a back-end signal process. The approach requires incoherent digitization of the periodic sequence using at least two clocks running at different speeds. No additional hardware to synchronize the input signal frequency with the sampling clock frequency is needed. A new discrete frequency shifting approach for determining the period of the input signal is proposed that is computationally efficient. The signal reconstruction approach has been tested with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134253795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Packet-based JTAG for remote testing","authors":"M. Portolan","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401573","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a proposal to express JTAG as an asynchronous packet-based protocol while maintaining full backward compatibility. This allows JTAG to transparently access remote units over high-bandwidth functional connections, a feature of special interest, for instance, in the environment of wireless telecommunication infrastructure and interfaces like CPRI or IP.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133365890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Event-driven framework for configurable runtime system observability for SOC designs","authors":"Jong Chul Lee, Faycel Kouteib, Roman L. Lysecky","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401554","url":null,"abstract":"The deep integration of software and hardware components within complex system-on-chip (SOC) designs prevents the use of traditional analysis and debug methods to observe the internal state of these components. This situation is further exacerbated for in-situ debugging, verification, and certification efforts in which physical access to traditional debug and trace interfaces is unavailable, infeasible, or cost prohibitive. In this paper, we present an overview of an event-driven system-level observation framework that provides low-overhead methods for observing and analyzing designer specified hardware and software events at runtime.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115961522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Radial defect clustering on 3D stacked IC yield from wafer to wafer stacking","authors":"Eshan Singh","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401567","url":null,"abstract":"We present and evaluate a simulation methodology to model the impact of the radial clustering of defects on wafers on the yield of 3D ICs manufactured using wafer to wafer stacking. Our simulations draw on an extensively validated model for radial yield degradation on wafers from the literature to incorporate the effect of this key contributor to the widely observed clustering of defects on semiconductor wafers. Current 3D-SIC yield estimation methods ignore defect clustering and assume a uniform distribution of defective dies on each wafer. Our results show that the radial clustering of defective dies causes stacked die yields to be significantly higher than that projected by current models. For 4-5 layer stacks the difference can be 50% or more. Our simulation studies are further validated by comparison with actual silicon data, which suggests that even the more accurate yield estimates from our improved methodology may be somewhat pessimistic. Thus the results presented here show that in practice degradation in stacked die yield from compounding may not be as severe as commonly estimated. This has significant implications in evaluating cost trade-offs associated with 3D-SIC manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114271187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Keezer, Te-Hui Chen, C. Gray, H. Choi, Sungyeol Kim, Seongkwan Lee, Hosun Yoo
{"title":"Multi-gigahertz arbitrary timing generator and data pattern serializer/formatter","authors":"D. Keezer, Te-Hui Chen, C. Gray, H. Choi, Sungyeol Kim, Seongkwan Lee, Hosun Yoo","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401544","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-GHz arbitrary timing generator (ATG) design is described and demonstrated in a hardware prototype. The objective of the ATG is to realize ATE hardware that nearly matches the unlimited timing flexibility of software simulation tools. The ATG allows timing edges to be programmed at almost any desired point within the test, with minimal constraints. The delay of every edge can be changed on a cycle-to-cycle basis. The period (frequency) can be changed on a bit-by-bit basis. Real-time algorithmic calculation of timing values is accomplished using a pipelined FPGA controller so that highly complex timing sequences can be synthesized. The ATG generates timing edges according to the FPGA calculations, and combines these with serialized digital “pattern” data to create the desired signal waveforms. A prototype supports ~10ps resolution and achieves approximately +/-20ps accuracy (including 6σ random jitter). Its maximum sustainable data rate is 3.2Gbps (non-multiplexed) and 6.4Gbps (multiplexed). Bursts patterns up to 10.0Gbps are also demonstrated. Minimum pulse-width is ~70ps.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130597304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasuo Sato, S. Kajihara, T. Yoneda, K. Hatayama, M. Inoue, Y. Miura, Satosni Untake, T. Hasegawa, Motoyuki Sato, K. Shimamura
{"title":"DART: Dependable VLSI test architecture and its implementation","authors":"Yasuo Sato, S. Kajihara, T. Yoneda, K. Hatayama, M. Inoue, Y. Miura, Satosni Untake, T. Hasegawa, Motoyuki Sato, K. Shimamura","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401581","url":null,"abstract":"Although many electronic safety-related systems require very high reliability, it is becoming harder and harder to achieve it because of delay-related failures, which are caused by decreased noise margin. This paper describes a technology named DART and its implementation. The DART repeatedly measures the maximum delay of a circuit and the amount of degradation in field, in consequence, confirms the marginality of the circuit. The system employing the DART will be informed the significant reduction of delay margin in advance of a failure and be able to repair it at an appropriate time. The DART also equips a technique to improve the test coverage using the rotating test and a technique to consider the test environment such as temperature or voltage using novel ring-oscillator-based monitors. The authors applied the proposed technology to an industrial design and confirmed its effectiveness and availability with reasonable resources.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114299633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ishida, T. Nakura, T. Kikkawa, Takashi Kusaka, S. Komatsu, K. Asada
{"title":"Power integrity control of ATE for emulating power supply fluctuations on customer environment","authors":"M. Ishida, T. Nakura, T. Kikkawa, Takashi Kusaka, S. Komatsu, K. Asada","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401553","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a power integrity control technique for dynamically controlling power supply voltage fluctuations for a device under test (DUT). The proposed method controls the power supply voltage on an automatic test equipment (ATE) system in a feed-forward manner by supplying a compensation current into the power supply line based on the power supply voltage waveform difference between the ATE and the customer operational environment of the DUT. A method is described for calculating the compensation current from an impulse response of the device power supply (DPS) network in the ATE and a target power supply voltage waveform. Experimental results with a prototype circuit are demonstrated to confirm the proposed concept. The proposed method can emulate the power supply voltage waveform under a customer's operating condition that has never been tested before. Furthermore, this method can stabilize the power supply voltage of the DUT and realize an arbitrary power supply noise waveform profile. Limitations and applications of the proposed method are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127780445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xian Wang, H. Choi, Thomas Moon, Nicholas Tzou, A. Chatterjee
{"title":"Higher than Nyquist test waveform synthesis and digital phase noise injection using time-interleaved mixed-mode data converters","authors":"Xian Wang, H. Choi, Thomas Moon, Nicholas Tzou, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/TEST.2012.6401538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEST.2012.6401538","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a higher than Nyquist RF test waveform synthesizer with digital phase noise injection is proposed. The proposed system uses time-interleaved digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and associated digital signal processing algorithms to enhance the spectral image of the synthesized waveform in the high-order Nyquist zones by increasing the effective sampling rate and eliminating unwanted signals inside the bandwidth of interest. The generated spectral images are used as the primary output of the proposed system. The waveform synthesizer is capable of digitally controlling the phase noise characteristics of the output signal in the high-order Nyquist zones. In addition, it utilizes relatively low-cost off-the-shelf integrated circuits (ICs) for multi-GHz signal generation. In hardware validation, dual DACs operating at 2.5Gb/s (effective Nyquist rate of 5 Gb/s) are used to generate a signal centered at 3.2GHz (corresponding to a Nyquist rate of 6.4 GHz). In addition, controlled phase noise generation is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":353290,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE International Test Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131005985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}