{"title":"Applications of coilgun electromagnetic propulsion technology","authors":"R. Kaye, B. Turman, S. Shope","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189573","url":null,"abstract":"Exciting and important applications of pulsed power and high voltage technology are found in the growing area of electromagnetic launch and propulsion. These applications include small-scale, precision staging devices (magnetically driven), low-speed, large mass catapult launchers, low-speed and high-speed trains, high-speed, long-range fire support naval guns, and the futuristic application of high-speed, direct satellite launch to space. The force requirements range from a few Newtons to millions of Newtons, and the pulsed electrical power requirements range from kilowatts to gigawatts. For repetitive operation, the average prime power requirements range from a few watts to megawatts. The principal technical challenges for such propulsive devices and motors are achieving high thrust and high coil strength, producing and controlling high power levels, and maintaining good weight, volume, and efficiency characteristics. These challenges will be discussed, using coilgun mass launcher and pulsed linear induction motor technology examples. Basic parameters for a long-range fire support coilgun are a muzzle velocity of 2.0 to 2.5 km/s, with a projectile mass of 20 to 60 kg. The kinetic energy is thus around 100 to 200 MJ. To achieve the pulsed power needed for launch from a barrel of less than 20 m, peak coil voltages and currents on the order of 40 kV and 500 kA to 1 MA are needed. Train propulsion is somewhat lower in power demand. The kinetic power for a typical low-speed urban Maglev system would be in the range of 500 kW average power, driven by a power source of some 25 kV peak and 50 A peak. The added requirement of low weight and small volume power conditioning make this application challenging as well. The challenges and solutions for high-voltage power conditioning system designs are reviewed from these examples.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125097564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A two-switch mode pulse modulator for plasma-based ion implantation and deposition","authors":"K. Yukimura, K. Matsunaga","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189536","url":null,"abstract":"A new-concept pulse modulator was developed for a plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) system, where two hard-tubes as a main switch are running in parallel to increase current capacity for outputting the pulse voltage and another two hard-tubes are used for releasing the charges stored in the stray and ion sheath-capacitor. A maximum output voltage is 40 kV with an average current of 20 A, where the pulse width is varied from 2 /spl mu/s to 100 /spl mu/s. The rise time less than 1 /spl mu/s at an output voltage of 40 kV and a maximum repetition rate of 2.5 kHz.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"412 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134289680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental results on the breakdown behaviour of concrete immersed in water","authors":"W. Frey, R. Straessner, W. Edinger, H. Bluhm","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189503","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of the electric impulse fragmentation of dielectric solids immersed in water is determined by the characteristics of the discharge channel propagating from the electrode tip through the solid to the grounded electrode plate. Voltage and current measurements indicate, that the pre-breakdown phase strongly depends on the arrangement of the solid material within the discharge gap. Short discharge delay times and low energy losses can only be observed, if the electrode gap is completely filled by solid material. In this case the channel resistance calculated from the measurements shows high values. If the channel has to bridge an intermediate water gap, the discharge delay times and the energy losses increase. Compared to a channel through solid material a discharge channel in water exhibits a low channel resistance, providing a poor energy transfer into the channel. Further experiments clearly indicate that gaseous inclusions in the solid material play an important role in discharge development in minerals.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134184487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Yasuoka, Y. Matsumoto, T. Aoki, Y. Tamura, S. Ibuka, S. Ishii
{"title":"Effect of magnetic field on the turn-on characteristics of power semiconductor devices operated in pulsed power circuit","authors":"K. Yasuoka, Y. Matsumoto, T. Aoki, Y. Tamura, S. Ibuka, S. Ishii","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189548","url":null,"abstract":"The turn-on characteristics of power semiconductor devices are evaluated under external magnetic field for studying the effect of external magnetic field generated in a pulsed power circuit. Two pin diodes that have a basic structure of power devices are connected in parallel and driven by a pulsed voltage source. It was found the magnetic field applied perpendicular to the diode current-flow could balance the diode current with that of the other diode. The carrier-density distribution inside of the diodes was measured by using a free carrier absorption technique. The data show that the carrier distribution changes from nearly the uniform one to the one-sided one. This concentration seems to be caused by the Lorenz force with the application of external magnetic field. As a result of the carrier concentration, the on-state resistance of the diode increases with increasing the magnetic field strength.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134105092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gundersen, P. Vernier, L. Marcu, Aimin Li, X. Zhu, A.Z. Gallam, T. Katsouleas, C. Young, M. Behrend, C. Craft
{"title":"Ultrashort pulse electroporation: applications of high pulsed electric fields to induced caspase activation of human lymphocytes","authors":"M. Gundersen, P. Vernier, L. Marcu, Aimin Li, X. Zhu, A.Z. Gallam, T. Katsouleas, C. Young, M. Behrend, C. Craft","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189565","url":null,"abstract":"Presents evidence for apoptosis, or programmed cell death, and up-regulation of a subset of important genes induced by intense electric fields of short duration (10's nsec). The fields are observed to perturb mitochondrial membranes and the compartmentalized intracellular environment of Jurkat T lymphocytes, and within hours caspase activation occurs. Intense, but low energy, fields can penetrate a biological cell and invoke mechanisms associated with apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114416815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kempkes, J. Casey, M. Gaudreau, T. Hawkey, I. Roth
{"title":"Solid-state modulators for commercial pulsed power systems","authors":"M. Kempkes, J. Casey, M. Gaudreau, T. Hawkey, I. Roth","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189570","url":null,"abstract":"As solid-state, high voltage technology improves, system costs are decreasing, prompting greater use, these systems in commercial, and even consumer products As this trend continues, new applications will transition from the research domain into commercial use. This paper provides an overview of emerging applications of solid-state, high voltage technology to commercial products and processes. This paper covers: medical and industrial accelerators, pulsed electric fields, transmitters, plasma processing, and power control.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124709476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bugaev, S. Korovin, N. Koval, E. Oks, D. Proskurovsky, N.S. Sochugov
{"title":"Intense low-energy electron and ion beams and their application","authors":"S. Bugaev, S. Korovin, N. Koval, E. Oks, D. Proskurovsky, N.S. Sochugov","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189537","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of results obtained at the Institute of High Current Electronics relevant to research and development of intense low-energy (<200 keV) high-current electron and ion beam. sources and powerful plasma sources and their application in technology. Considered are issues of charged particle beam production in vacuum diodes with explosive-emission cathodes, in plasma-filled diodes, diodes based on plasma emitters with low-pressure arcs and grid stabilization of plasma emitting surface, different versions of vacuum arc ion sources to produce multiply charged high current metal ion beams or mixed gaseous and metal ion beams, sources of broad beams of gaseous ions, and plasma guns based on glow-discharge hollow cathode with external electron injection, having wide pressure operation ranges and low discharge voltages. The paper also presents results of application of such beams for sterilization of powder materials, surface treatment, metal surface modification etc.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"642 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134028502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Krasik, K. Chirko, A. Dunaevsky, J. Gleizer, A. Krokhmal, A. Sayapin, J. Felsteiner
{"title":"Ferroelectric plasma sources","authors":"Y. Krasik, K. Chirko, A. Dunaevsky, J. Gleizer, A. Krokhmal, A. Sayapin, J. Felsteiner","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189469","url":null,"abstract":"We review our studies of ferroelectric plasma sources and their applications. Using various diagnostics it was shown that the source of the charged particle emission from the ferroelectric is a plasma, produced as a result of an incomplete surface discharge. The process of the plasma formation is accompanied by desorption of neutrals from the ferroelectric surface. Generation of electron beams with current amplitude of few kA and electron energy up to 300 keV are described. We also present data concerning an enhanced emission mode of the ferroelectric plasma source and its application as a source of heavy ions. Results of applications of ferroelectric plasma sources in hollow cathode discharge, as cathodes in magnetrons and in reflex triodes, as high-current switches and for generation of high-frequency modulated electron beams are presented as well.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"316 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115861594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High frequency high power MOSFET development","authors":"G. Krausse","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses in detail the development of a new class of power MOSFETs designed from the silicon die and the substrate to the heat sink with the goals of nanosecond switching and VHF operation at power levels in the kilowatts. There are three aspects to this development. First is the semiconductor die. Second is the packaging. Third are the heat sink and the package interface. All of these are addressed.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134644148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A slotted beam pipe kicker magnet with solid state drive for SPEAR III","authors":"C. Pappas","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189428","url":null,"abstract":"The SPEAR III kicker system uses three magnets, K1, K2, and K3, to inject a 3.3 GeV beam into a light source. A slotted beam pipe magnet design is used. Individual induction type solid state modulators power the magnets. Modulators for K1 and K3 use ten IGBTs to drive ten single turn primaries of a transformer. Bi-polar outputs are achieved by passing two conductive rods in opposite directions through the centers of ten FINEMET cores. Two 22.5 /spl Omega/ cables connect each of the output terminals to the corresponding magnet busses. Magnet K2 is half the length of the other kickers, and thus has one half the inductance. It is required that the pulse shape of each kicker be identical in order to have a closed orbit for the injected beam, so the output impedance of K2 must also be half. Therefore, K2 uses a stack of five cores with four cables connected to each of the output terminals. The modulators for K1 and K3 are designed to produce bi-polar 20 kV, 3 kA pulses of 1 /spl mu/s at 10 Hz, with rise and fall times of less than 350 ns. Prototypes of both the magnet and the modulator have been built, and components for installation are in fabrication. Details of the design, and test data from the prototype system are presented.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115911621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}