D. Shiffler, M. Ruebush, M. Lacour, K. Golby, K. Cartwright, M. Haworth
{"title":"Advanced cathode and anode research at the Air Force Research Laboratory","authors":"D. Shiffler, M. Ruebush, M. Lacour, K. Golby, K. Cartwright, M. Haworth","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189575","url":null,"abstract":"High power microwave (HPM) tubes require currents and voltages generally in excess of 1 kA and 100 kV. Traditionally such systems have operated in poor vacuum (>10/sup -6/ torr) and on a single shot basis. Current work at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been directed toward high vacuum and high repetition rate systems, necessitating a complete revision of standard HPM \"techniques\". In this paper we discuss cathode and anode research in the HPM area, defining the figures of merit for AFRL cathodes and anodes. Several novel cathode and anode designs are discussed, with accompanying experimental results. Indeed, results have been so encouraging that we believe these classes of novel cathodes and anodes have application beyond HPM as replacements for thermionic cathodes.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126453501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B.S. Lee, F. Allen, R. Anaya, E. Cook, S. Hawkins, B. Hickman, J. Watson
{"title":"Solid-state modulated kicker pulser","authors":"B.S. Lee, F. Allen, R. Anaya, E. Cook, S. Hawkins, B. Hickman, J. Watson","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189481","url":null,"abstract":"A solid-state high voltage pulse generator for highspeed beam kicker applications has been designed and tested at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This kicker pulser uses multiple stages stacked in an inductive-adder configuration where the energy is switched from each stage of the adder by a parallel array of MOSFETs. Features include pulse width, format and amplitude agility all at a high pulse-repetition rate. The modulator can drive a 50%o load at voltages up to 18 kV with +/-10% amplitude modulation at several MHz burst frequency. Rise and fall times are on the order of 10 ns, and the pulser can easily be configured for either positive or negative polarity. The presentation will include test and operational data collected from both the ETA II accelerator kicker and resistive dummy loads.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125339560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Hoppe, J. Singer, H. Bluhm, W. Frey, H. Giese, H. Massier, W. Edinger, U. Schweike
{"title":"FRANKA-Stein: design, operation and industrial application","authors":"P. Hoppe, J. Singer, H. Bluhm, W. Frey, H. Giese, H. Massier, W. Edinger, U. Schweike","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189540","url":null,"abstract":"FRANKA-Stein is a semi-industrial prototype plant for the selective decomposition of up to 1 t/h of pre-broken minerals like concrete, rocks or the like. Its main components are: (i) a powerful high voltage pulse generator that delivers a 300 kV, 15 kA pulse with a 12 Hz repetition rate; (ii) a water filled reaction chamber. In this reaction chamber the materials to be treated are exposed for a well defined time interval to the HV discharges; (iii) a transport system that continuously feeds the materials to be treated into and out of the reaction chamber; and (iv) additional components for the separation of crushed materials from water, material classification and if re-required for water cleaning and reprocessing. In this contribution, a description of the main components is given and the operation experience achieved so far is summarized. Furthermore the results from the treatment of concrete lumps are outlined and discussed with respect to future industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128978428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Weidenheimer, I. Smith, F. Warren, D. Morton, L. Schlitt, D. Giorgi, J. Driscoll, J. Sethian
{"title":"Advanced pulsed power concept and component development for KrF laser IFE","authors":"D. Weidenheimer, I. Smith, F. Warren, D. Morton, L. Schlitt, D. Giorgi, J. Driscoll, J. Sethian","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189442","url":null,"abstract":"The Electra advanced pulsed power development program has the goal of developing and demonstrating pulsed power technology that is applicable for KrF (krypton fluoride) laser IFE (inertial fusion energy). The application presents efficiency, lifetime and cost challenges that mandate the use of advanced pulse compression topologies. In turn, these advanced topologies require the development of critical components and the establishment of engineering criteria for use in designing them. The component most critical to realizing any of the advanced topologies under study is the primary energy transfer switch. Therefore, the program has been developing an advanced optically-triggered and pumped solid state switch that is expected to meet the efficiency, lifetime and cost requirements of an IFE driver. Liquid dielectric breakdown studies are also underway, with the intent to develop design criteria relevant to the large electrically stressed areas associated with a viable KrF IFE power plant. KrF IFE pulse compression and component concepts are discussed as well as the most recent results from the solid-state switch development and liquid dielectric test efforts.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127732819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of an industrial electroporation device","authors":"C. Schultheiß, H. Bluhm, H. Mayer, M. Kern","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189541","url":null,"abstract":"Electroporation (EP) of biological cells is of increasing importance in the area of bio-technology. By applying external electric fields along biological cells in a water suspension the cytoplasm becomes polarized. The charge displacement in the cytoplasm and in the suspension leads to high transmembrane potentials in the order of several volts. The build-up of large irreversible openings in the cell membrane, the flow-out of cytoplasm and the cell-perish are the desired effects. The subject of this paper is i) to report on experiments at an EP system with whole crop plants. Experiences have been gained already with sugar beets, apples, grapes, etc., ii) to present design studies for an industrial EP production device. The amount of plant material, which must be treated is in the order of 1 t/min. Since crop plants, such as sugar beets, are large in diameter and nearly weightless in water (suspension), the size of an EP reactor has to be large and the plants must be moved continuously by means of a forced feed-through. This requires very high voltage pulses to establish reactor field strengths of about 20 kV/cm in the 30 cm gap, as well as high pulse repetition rates to fulfill power demands. At the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe several types of Marx generators with gas spark gaps have been developed and tested. They run with pulse frequencies in the order of 20-30 Hz. The pulse amplitude is 300 W, the pulse length is 1 /spl mu/s and the pulsed energy fed into a 20 load is about 1 kJ. The lifetime of the electric components is designed to withstand at least up to 200 million discharge cycles (3 month operation). The system consisting of the EP reactor plus conveyance is designed to be built up mainly of dielectric materials to avoid undesired shielding effects of the electric field in the area of the reactor chamber. However high voltage-proof dielectric materials such as polyethylene or polypropylene underlie enhanced mechanical wear which must be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133666622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High repetition frequency picosecond pulse generator","authors":"S. Zazoulin, A. Kardo-Sysoev, S.A. Moryakova","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189501","url":null,"abstract":"Picosecond power pulse generators based on silicon avalanche shapers (SAS) have such advantages as high reliability, compactness, low jitter, but their pulse repetition frequency (PRF) was usually limited at several thousand pulses per second (pps) because of the following reasons. SAS had long turn off time due to the minority carriers existence after the turn on process. Circuits, which were used to modulate SAS, with power modulator thyristors as primary switches, could not provide the efficient work at high PRF. We overcame these limitations by use on the next means. The specially doped series of SAS, which combine fast turn on time and low jitter with high reliable work at tens kpps repetition rates, has been developed, tested and produced. The new control circuit schematic, based on drift step recovery diodes (DSRD) and transistors (DSRT), has been designed. This circuit is able to generate stable driving signals to switch SAS up to hundreds kpps. As a result, the developed power pulse generator has the following parameters: output pulse amplitude (on 50 Ohms) 1 kV; rise time 80 ps; pulse width 220 ps; jitter <30 ps; maximal PRF 50 kpps; total power consumption at max. PRF <5W; lifetime 10/sup 11/ pulses and size (version with DC power supply) 110/spl times/50/spl times/40 mm. It should be mentioned that the high time stability of output pulses gives a possibility to combine total power of many generators into a load.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131727250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interfacing pulsed power systems to switching power supplies","authors":"A. Bushnell","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189473","url":null,"abstract":"In many modern pulsed power systems traditional power supplies have been replaced by high frequency switching power supplies. These supplies offer lightweight, smaller footprints and improved efficiencies over traditional power supplies. Applications of switching power supplies for pulsed power range from large single shot capacitor banks to high pulse rate laser systems. This paper discusses issues in interfacing switching power supplies to pulsed power systems. Simple protection networks can be used to avoid damage to power supplies in normal operation and in fault situations. Design of these networks also impact power supply voltage accuracy. The networks typically also incorporate safety dump systems to remove energy from capacitors.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130479005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High repetition-rate, low jitter pulsed power generator for excimer laser applications","authors":"W. Jiang, T. Matsuda, K. Yatsui, A. Tokuchi","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189552","url":null,"abstract":"A high repetition-rate pulsed power generator, which uses IGBT as the main switch, has been developed. It generates high-voltage output of 28 kV that can charge a capacitive load of 12 nF in 100 ns. It can be operated at the repetition rate of 6 kHz. A special technique has been applied to the control circuit so that the main storage capacitor is always charged at a constant voltage, even when the output voltage of the charging unit varies for 20%. As a result the timing of the output voltage pulse is stabilized within a range of several nanoseconds. This level of low jitter is considered to be required by the pulsed power supplies for the short-wavelength excimer lasers.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"62 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120943593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Hegeler, M. Myers, M. Friedman, J. Giuliani, J. Sethian, S. Swanekamp, M. Wolford
{"title":"The Electra KRF laser","authors":"F. Hegeler, M. Myers, M. Friedman, J. Giuliani, J. Sethian, S. Swanekamp, M. Wolford","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189431","url":null,"abstract":"Electra is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) laser that will develop the technologies that can meet the inertial fusion energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, and cost. The components that need to be developed are: a durable and efficient pulsed power system; a durable electron emitter; a long life, transparent pressure foil structure (hibachi); a laser gas recirculator; and long life optical windows. The technologies developed on Electra will be directly scalable to a full size fusion power plant beam line. This paper gives an overview of the Electra program, and then concentrates on the most recent research results of electron beam deposition through the hibachi into the laser cell.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114182123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kempkes, J. Casey, M. Gaudreau, T. Hawkey, J. Mulvaney
{"title":"Recent progress in the development of compact, solid-state high voltage radar modulators","authors":"M. Kempkes, J. Casey, M. Gaudreau, T. Hawkey, J. Mulvaney","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2002.1189511","url":null,"abstract":"The operational life of a high power radar transmitter that employs microwave vacuum electron devices (VEDs, aka tubes) can be significantly extended using high voltage, solid-state modulators and power supplies. These systems provide higher transmitter output flexibility, higher reliability, and lower overall life cycle costs. In this paper, we discuss the topology of modern solid-state modulators and how several fielded radar transmitters have been retrofitted with this new technology.","PeriodicalId":339166,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116978791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}