V. Sargūnas, P. Thiefain, A. Singh, S. Taduri, S. Melosky
{"title":"Effect of implant temperature on electrical characteristics of implanted monocrystalline-emitter bipolar transistors","authors":"V. Sargūnas, P. Thiefain, A. Singh, S. Taduri, S. Melosky","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257959","url":null,"abstract":"Strong effect on the gain of implanted monocrystalline emitter transistor was seen due to a disk temperature increase caused by reduced cooling. Observed changes were quite significant, causing product out of tolerance condition at temperatures below the ones normally causing resist blistering. The mechanism for the observed phenomena is proposed, based upon reduced TED and change in amorphization dose at elevated temperature. SIMS profiles of As+ after implant and anneal are provided. The importance of precise temperature control for a narrow base implanted monocrystalline emitter bipolar transistor is highlighted and process control techniques are proposed.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"79 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Muntele, I. Muntele, D. Ila, L. Holland, R. Zimmerman, D. Nisen, M. Schilloff
{"title":"In-line/in-situ doping monitoring facility using ion beams at Alabama A&M University","authors":"C. Muntele, I. Muntele, D. Ila, L. Holland, R. Zimmerman, D. Nisen, M. Schilloff","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258014","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present the design and features of the project of upgrading the existing ion beam facilities available at the Center for Irradiation of Materials of Alabama A&M University (CIM-AAMU). We intend to join the zero degrees output of the ion accelerator with the low energy output of the ion implanter in a common chamber. When finalized, the facility will allow in-line/in-situ sample modification and characterization.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132979213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An effective scheme for the application of a life safety system for the entire ion implant module","authors":"N. Rivera, M. Sherrett, J. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258047","url":null,"abstract":"An ion implantation fab module uses some of the most toxic materials within a given fab site. The paper discusses an optimum approach to cover an entire module as well as the details of using the proper monitoring technology to confidently detect gas materials such as arsine, phosphine, boron trifluoride, silicon tetrafluoride and germanium tetrafluoride. Feedback from user sites will be cited as to the success of this application.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132259641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Rhoad, B. Lovelace, H. Suzuki, K. Niikura, T. McLaughlin
{"title":"Process performance of the ULVAC IW-630 200/300mm implanter","authors":"T. Rhoad, B. Lovelace, H. Suzuki, K. Niikura, T. McLaughlin","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258048","url":null,"abstract":"The process performance for ULVAC's IW-630 200/300 mm medium current ion implanter is reviewed. The IW-630 was designed to ensure high beam parallelism, high-energy purity, and low defect contamination through the use of a ground magnet. The analyses presented include beam parallelism, energy purity, particle contamination, metals contamination, dose uniformity and repeatability.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132654395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Arno, J. Sweeney, Paul J. Marganski, B. Kingston, S. Roberge, M. C. Dolan
{"title":"Developments in the abatement of ion implant process effluents","authors":"J. Arno, J. Sweeney, Paul J. Marganski, B. Kingston, S. Roberge, M. C. Dolan","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258046","url":null,"abstract":"The toxic and reactive nature of the materials utilized during ion implantation generates safety and environmental challenges. Recent introduction of reduced-pressure gas sources alleviated many concerns associated with delivering dopant species into the tool. However, materials not implanted onto wafers are instantly exhausted from the tool through roughing pumps or accumulated and later discharged using cryo pumps. Both pumps contribute ballast or carrier gas flows (typically nitrogen) resulting in tool effluent streams containing low concentrations of hydride and/or acid species. Due to their toxicity, point-of-use abatement methods are recommended in order to minimize the risk of human exposure or release into the environment. Chemisorption-based technologies are the method of choice for the removal of highly toxic materials to levels below threshold values. This paper describes recent developments related to the performance of an integrated zero footprint dry scrubber. Individual scrubber canisters were installed at the exhaust of roughing and cryo-pumps of an Axcelis GSD-VHE tool at Axcelis Technologies Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). The abatement efficiencies and pressure drops of the abatement tools were characterized during implantation of common dopant species and cryo-regeneration. Highly sensitive hydride and acid sensors were used to monitor the exhausts of the abatement devices while scrubber inlet concentrations were analyzed using FT-IR techniques. Comparison of inlet and outlet concentrations provided information about the effectiveness of the scrubber. Pressure drop information was collected during chamber pumpdown, implantation, and cryo-regeneration. Pressure-drop and scrubbing efficiency will be periodically examined to validate long term operation of the abatement device.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115324580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bon-Woong Koo Bon-Woong Koo, Ziwei Fang Ziwei Fang, M. Bakshi, L. Nicolaides, S. Cherekdjian
{"title":"Plasma doping junction depth measurement using Therma-Probe system","authors":"Bon-Woong Koo Bon-Woong Koo, Ziwei Fang Ziwei Fang, M. Bakshi, L. Nicolaides, S. Cherekdjian","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257980","url":null,"abstract":"As semiconductor devices shrink in size, demands for the formation of ultra-shallow-junctions (USJ) are increasing. Pulsed plasma doping (P2LAD) is a method for forming USJs in semiconductor wafers. In this study, wafer biases between -200 V and -2.0 kV with BF3 source gas were used to implant boron into 200-mm diameter silicon wafers. The boron dose was approximately 1015 B/cm2, and wafers were annealed at 1,000°C using a rapid thermal annealer (RTA). In this work, a non-destructive in-line metrology tool (Therma-Probe™) was used for characterizing the junction depth of the plasma-doped samples after annealing. The Therma-Probe utilizes a pump-probe technique where the reflected signal of the probe beam is used to track the junction depth. The measured Therma-Probe signals were correlated with SIMS-based junction depth values.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115538200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Jones, S. Crane, C. E. Ross, T. Malmborg, D. Downey, E. Arevalo
{"title":"The role of pre-anneal conditions on the microstructure of Ge+ implanted Si after high temperature milli-second flash annealing","authors":"K. Jones, S. Crane, C. E. Ross, T. Malmborg, D. Downey, E. Arevalo","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257942","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the pre-anneal conditions on the final defect microstructure after flash annealing of Ge implanted Si is investigated using transmission electron microscopy. (100) Si wafers were implanted with 30keV Ge+ implant at a dose of 1 × 1015/cm2 followed by a 500eV B implant at a dose of 1 × 1015/cm2. The germanium implant produces an amorphous layer 480Å thick and the boron implant is completely contained within the amorphous layer. The wafer was subsequently subjected to an impulse anneal at ramp rates between 50°C/sec and 400°C/sec to temperatures between 700 and 900°C followed by a flash anneal to temperatures between 1100°C and 1300°C. The flash anneal occurred over a microsecond time scale so the ramp rates and the cooling rates are estimated to be 106°C/sec. It was found that the ramp rate and temperature of the impulse pre-anneal has a remarkable effect on the final microstructure and sheet resistance of the implant. For the 760°C pre-anneal impulse temperature, followed by a 1300°C flash, decreasing the ramp rate of the impulse anneal from 400°C/sec to 50°C/sec increases the end of range defect density by 270% while the sheet resistance increased from 613 to 704 ohms/square. As the impulse temperature is increased the effects of the impulse ramp rate appear to decrease. The changes in the electrical and microstructural properties of the Si imply that the relatively low temperature impulse conditions play an increasingly important role as the high temperature flash anneals become shorter.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115614712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. C. Lee, J. Yoo, D. Lee, C. S. Kim, S. M. Kim, S. Choi, U. Chung, J. Moon
{"title":"Recessed junction and low energy n-junction implantation characteristics","authors":"B. C. Lee, J. Yoo, D. Lee, C. S. Kim, S. M. Kim, S. Choi, U. Chung, J. Moon","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257947","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of cell transistor with low energy junction implantation and recessed junction, which is formed by in_situ phosphorus doped selective silicon growth, are investigated. Adding the low energy n-junction implantation drastically reduces the contact resistance of pad/n-junction. And also, the drive current is improved without any degradation of BV (Breakdown Voltage) and leakage characteristics. Plasma damage free TDSE (Thermal Desorption of Silicon Etching) processing using the Cl2 gas chemistry in UHV CVD Chamber is used to control the junction depth. The recessed junction is formed with phosphorus-doped silicon using the SEG (Selective Epitaxial Growth) process and the characteristics of recessed junction are evaluated.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123600226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sakudo, Yoshiaki Tazaki, M. Matsumine, Y. Tamashiro, R. Nishimoto, H. Ito, M. Takahashi, Y. Matsunaga
{"title":"Increasing B+ current from a microwave ion source by simultaneously utilizing new techniques","authors":"N. Sakudo, Yoshiaki Tazaki, M. Matsumine, Y. Tamashiro, R. Nishimoto, H. Ito, M. Takahashi, Y. Matsunaga","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258026","url":null,"abstract":"In previous papers we reported two separate methods for enhancing B+ ion current. One was to optimize the discharge-chamber volume by comparing it with the computer-simulated magnetic field. Resultantly the modified chamber that has larger volume than the standard chamber provided B+ ion current over 13 mA. The other was to enhance the secondary electron emissivity of the chamber wall by adding MgO into the chamber material. The experiment on the standard chamber showed the 5% addition of MgO resulted in 60% increase of the B+ ion current. In this study we have utilized these two methods simultaneously, that is, we have tested the modified chamber that is made of boron nitride with MgO mixed. As a result we have obtained B+ ion current of 15 mA on an old beam line having moderate transmission.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122127837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. A. Van den Berg, D. Armour, M. Werner, S. Whelan, W. Vandervorst, T. Clarysse, E. Collart, R. Goldberg, P. Bailey, T. Noakes
{"title":"High depth resolution characterization of the damage and annealing behaviour of ultra shallow As implants in Si","authors":"J. A. Van den Berg, D. Armour, M. Werner, S. Whelan, W. Vandervorst, T. Clarysse, E. Collart, R. Goldberg, P. Bailey, T. Noakes","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258076","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between damage formation/annealing and As profile redistribution has been studied using low energy As implants into Si at 2.5 keV at doses between 3 × 1013 cm-2 and 2 × 1015 cm-2 at room temperature. Samples were annealed at temperatures between 600 and 1050°C. High depth resolution medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were used to characterise the damage build up and As profiles as a function of implant dose and anneal temperature. MEIS studies showed that damage does not accumulate according to the energy deposition function but proceeds from the surface inwards. This is ascribed to the accumulation of collision cascade produced interstitials that are attracted to and settle at initially the oxide/Si interface and later to the advancing amorphous/crystalline interface. Dopant depth profiles agreed well with TRIM calculations for doses ≥ 4 × 1014 cm-2. However, for lower doses the dopant was observed to have a profile nearer to the surface, due to trapping in the narrow surface damaged layer, in which it is more easily accommodated. Following epitaxial regrowth at 700°C, MEIS showed that -50 % of the As has moved into substitutional sites, consistent with activation and/or the formation of inactive AsnV clusters (n ≤ 4), while the remainder had segregated to and become trapped in a ≤1 nm wide layer, clearly located on the Si side of the oxide/Si interface. Very low energy SIMS analysis at normal incidence is able to resolve these ultra shallow peaks, including the As pileup following epitaxial regrowth. They also confirmed that As retention was complete during dose build up and annealing.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123996869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}