H. Nakao, Y. Momiyama, M. Kase, H. Ito, Y. Matsunaga
{"title":"USJ process requirements on low energy doping and spike anneal for production for 90 nm node CMOS LOGIC","authors":"H. Nakao, Y. Momiyama, M. Kase, H. Ito, Y. Matsunaga","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257963","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra Shallow Junction (USJ) for Source Drain Extension (SDE) required from ITRS road map becomes shallower toward sub 10 nm beyond 90-nm node. The 45 nm node USJ for n-MOS was first demonstrated using heavy mass dopant of Antimony. In p-MOS case, by examining the pre-acceleration energy dependence of device performance in differential mode implant, we showed deep sub-keV energy contamination less high current implanter is necessary for high-end n-MOS beyond 90-nm node.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128485714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Gennaro, B. Sealy, C. Jeynes, R. Gwilliam, E. Collart, A. Licciardello
{"title":"Effects of carbon content and annealing conditions, on the electrical activation of indium implanted silicon","authors":"S. Gennaro, B. Sealy, C. Jeynes, R. Gwilliam, E. Collart, A. Licciardello","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258064","url":null,"abstract":"Several sets of lightly n-doped silicon wafers were implanted with indium at an energy of 70 keV and a dose. of 5.8 × 1014 cm-2. Carbon was subsequently co-implanted with an energy of 13.5 keV at doses ranging from 0 to 2.22×1015 cm-2 to achieve a carbon distribution overlapping the indium one with ratio of peak concentration ranging from 0 to 2. The samples were annealed at temperatures of 650 to 1100°C for times between 0 dwell and 1 hour in flowing N2. Following annealing electrical characterization of the samples was performed via four-point probe and Hall effect measurements to achieve information about sheet resistance (ρs), Hall mobility and sheet carrier concentration (NS). The retained dose and lattice site location of the In have been investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) was performed to measure the atomic doping profiles in the samples. The results show that the electrical activation of the layer increases with increasing carbon concentration. Increasing the annealing temperature and/or time results in a deactivation of the implant.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128633579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Beatty, P. Hatch, R. Santiesteban, S. Taduri, B. Krantz, S. Melosky, D. Marshall, M. Ameen
{"title":"Particle reduction strategies for high current-high volume manufacturing","authors":"T. Beatty, P. Hatch, R. Santiesteban, S. Taduri, B. Krantz, S. Melosky, D. Marshall, M. Ameen","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258003","url":null,"abstract":"The particle performance of high current implanters was studied in a wide variety of production environments and applications over a period exceeding two years. Equipment design, preventive maintenance and tool utilization were all found to play a critical role achieving particle levels < 0.10 particles/cm2 on a routine basis. Based on a parametric study of root causes, including detailed analysis of trend data and particle maps, beamline and endstation hardware was developed to address specific issues and optimize machine performance. A systematic method using six-sigma procedures, designed experiments, and SPC tools, is described for implementing procedural, software and hardware changes in a production environment. This methodology allowed us to demonstrate improvements in both equipment productivity and particle performance.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128021866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of a novel antimony source delivered as vapor from an implanter gas box","authors":"B. Isaacs, D. R. Seekon, D. Newman","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258041","url":null,"abstract":"A novel antimony compound has been developed for the ion implantation process. The dominant and current compound used in many applications is antimony trioxide, a solid material that must be vaporized at high temperatures within the ion source. This paper discusses the technique to be used to evaluate the volatile solid compound SbCH3Br2 (dibromomethyl-stibine) in comparison to the solid Sb2O3 (antimony trioxide). The delivery changes and requirements, and the methods used to compare the performance of the compounds will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"119 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129269432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Claudio, C. Jeynes, K. Kirkby, B. Sealy, R. Gwilliam, R. Low
{"title":"Electrical behaviour of arsenic implanted silicon wafers at large tilt angle","authors":"G. Claudio, C. Jeynes, K. Kirkby, B. Sealy, R. Gwilliam, R. Low","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258080","url":null,"abstract":"Two sets of silicon wafers were implanted with 60 keV arsenic ions at a dose of 5×1015 cm-2, using an Applied Materials SWIFT implanter. The first batch consisted of five silicon pre-amorphised wafers, whilst the second batch was implanted under the same conditions into <100> single crystal wafers. The tilt angle was varied over the range 0° - 45°. After implantation the samples were cut into smaller pieces and annealed in the range 800 to 1000°C for times up to 60 seconds in flowing nitrogen. Van der Pauw measurements of the Hall effect and resistivity were made to obtain values of the sheet resistance (RS), Hall mobility (μH) and sheet carrier concentration (NS) as a function of the tilt angle. Electrical profiles were obtained from differential Hall effect measurements, whilst the retained dose was determined by Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS). The results show that the sheet resistance and the sheet carrier concentration are a function of the tilt angle and that preamorphisation results in a higher degree of electrical activation. A comparison of atomic and carrier concentration profiles as a function of tilt angle in conjunction with simulations are used to explain the observed results.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128814537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dose reproducibility in Axcelis GSD implanters using Stabil-Ion gauge","authors":"R. C. Johnson, R. Tysinger","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258012","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term dose reproducibility and tool to tool dose matching in the Axcelis GSD end-station is critically dependent on process chamber pressure measurement and Pressure Compensation factor selection. Pressure Compensation factor (PCOMP) determination is well established. Pressure measurement in the GSD end-station depends on accurate, repeatable gauge capability: incorrect pressure measurements directly lead to dose errors. For example, the dose equation using PCOMP tells us that for a modest PCOMP value of 30%, a chamber pressure measurement error of 2E-5 torr can result in a dose error up to 6% at normal process pressures. The original HCIG used for pressure measurement was not capable of meeting the requirements for good dose control since gauge to gauge differences were not controlled and gauge accuracy was only on the order of 25%. Axcelis introduced the Granville-Phillips 360 Stabil-Ion gauge to improve dose reproducibility through much improved gauge to gauge matching (+/-6%) and more accurate gauge output. This paper discusses the details of the care and feeding of the Stabil-Ion gauge system and its impact on process dose and process trends.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125428845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate characterization of dose and shape of ultra low energy arsenic (1keV and 2keV) implants by SIMS","authors":"S. Biswas, C. Mulcahy, P. Banks, E. Collart","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1257984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1257984","url":null,"abstract":"During the past two to three years there have been several papers published on how to accurately measure the dose and shape of ultra low energy boron implants using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). In general, oxygen primary ion beam bombardment has been employed either using oxygen leak and 45° bombardment angle or normal incidence bombardment without oxygen leak. These methodologies have been employed to avoid problems from the pre-equilibrium issues encountered during SIMS measurements. The accurate dose and profile shape of ultra low energy arsenic implants unfortunately cannot employ the methodologies established for low energy boron measurements, due to the fact that arsenic segregates to the front or the oxygen beam when sputtering employing an oxygen ion beam and therefore the true shape of the arsenic implant profile can not be established. In this paper, we employ Cesium primary ion beam bombardment using various sub-keV energies, various angles of bombardment and normalisation routines to establish the true shape and dose of 1 keV and 2 keV arsenic implants. The normalization or the arsenic profile to various silicon isotopes and combinations of its dimers are considered along with low temperature Chemical Vapour Deposited (CVD) silicon capped 1 keV and 2 keV arsenic implants. This is employed to avoid the pre-equilibrium transients in the SIMS profile of the arsenic at the surface of the silicon. The results lead to a methodology for obtaining the correct arsenic implanted dose and the correct arsenic implant shape using specific normalisation routines. The arsenic doses calculated from SIMS have been compared with Rutherford Backscattering (RBS) measured dose values.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126230983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report on in-situ antimony fluoride generation for ion implant processes","authors":"J. Arno","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258038","url":null,"abstract":"The in-situ formation of antimony fluorides in a continuous flow reactor was investigated. Molecular fluorine was delivered from a VAC™ cylinder into heated reactor packed with antimony metal. The post-reactor pressure was monitored and effluent species were measured using IR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Complete fluorine utilization was achieved when operating at temperatures greater than 160°C. The data suggests that the antimony and fluorine reaction formed antimony (III) fluoride or SbxFy clusters with boiling points greater 250°C. The report also includes recommendations for implementing this technology for ion implant applications.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121423064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Muntele, C. Muntele, D. Ila, D. Poker, D. Hensley
{"title":"Raman and FTIR studies on nanostructure formation on silicon carbide","authors":"I. Muntele, C. Muntele, D. Ila, D. Poker, D. Hensley","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258105","url":null,"abstract":"We report experimental results following studies on the defects induced by light and heavy high-energy ion implantation into 6H p-type and n-type silicon carbide, as well as the degree of crystalline lattice recovery after annealing in high purity argon environment at 1100 and 1600°C. We implanted silicon carbide with MeV Au and Al ions at levels of 1016 and 1017 ions/cm2, and used confocal micro-Raman (MR) and Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) optical spectroscopy techniques to characterize the silicon carbide lattice optical properties at various stages during the post-implantation annealing process. We also investigated the conditions for metallic nanoclusters formation following the destruction of the lattice during the ion implantation and influence of the thermal treatment on their evolution.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126583043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boron diffusion in Si1-xGex alloy layers","authors":"N. Ohno","doi":"10.1109/IIT.2002.1258101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IIT.2002.1258101","url":null,"abstract":"The desire for higher carrier mobilities for thin-channel CMOS, such as fully-depleted SOI, has focused attention on the behavior of dopants in Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> materials. In this work, the diffusion of boron implanted at 0.5 keV was studied for 5 sec anneals between 800 to 1050°C for silicon (Cz and epitaxial) and Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> layers with Ge content of 7 and 25%. The implant dose of boron ions was 5 × 10<sup>14</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. The epi-silicon and Si<sub>1-x</sub>Ge<sub>x</sub> layers were ∼200 nm thick so that the entire diffused profile was within the epitaxial layers. Strongly increased diffusion, compared to Cz- and epi-silicon, was found for boron atoms in layers with the Ge content of 7% and 25% for anneal temperatures above 900°C.","PeriodicalId":305062,"journal":{"name":"Ion Implantation Technology. 2002. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116091549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}