{"title":"Micro/Nanorobot for Drug Delivery—A Review of Material Selections","authors":"Xiaozhuo Wu, Bingyun Li, Malcolm Xing","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The concept of utilizing micro/nanorobot (MNR) for drug delivery in vivo was raised decades ago, and numerous prototypes have been created ever since. Other than the application of delivering drugs, nanorobots are also widely researched for noninvasive surgery, cell stimulation, bioimaging, diagnostics and monitoring, sensing, photocatalysis, and environmental remediation. The design of drug-delivering MNR requires the robot to 1) consist of bio-friendly materials, 2) be able to propel itself or be propelled by external force, 3) be able to self-direct or be directed by external control to the target location, and 4) have a basic drug load and release function. However, even though many prototypes can perform all these different nanoscaled functions, they are always staying on the prototype stage instead of leaping into the practical stage. This review aims to explain the latest MNR designs from the perspective of material selection. From the prototypes listed in this review, there are a wide range of materials that can be adopted into design to fulfill various tasks with considerations into biocompatibility, motion, navigation, and drug load and release.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang
{"title":"Mannose-Modified Cationic Liposome-Based mRNA Therapeutics for Improved Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/anbr.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cancer Immunotherapy</b></p><p>A mannose-modified cationic liposome (cLipo)-based mRNA therapeutic (cLipo-Man/mTEM8) was developed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy. It targets dendritic cells to boost T cell responses and release cytokines, which leads to tumor suppression. More details can be found in the Research Article by Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202500226).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fang Tang, Brandon C. Applewhite, Bowen Wang, Bin Jiang
{"title":"Redox-Responsive Mitochondrial Delivery from Functionalized Vascular Stent Surfaces","authors":"Fang Tang, Brandon C. Applewhite, Bowen Wang, Bin Jiang","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key contributors to impaired vascular healing following stent implantation. Although drug-eluting stents reduce restenosis, they do not promote tissue regeneration or correct cellular metabolic deficits. A redox-responsive mitochondrial delivery system is developed for localized therapeutic release from vascular stent surfaces. Intact mitochondria are immobilized onto Nitinol substrates through a stepwise surface modification strategy incorporating a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-cleavable linker. Upon exposure to elevated ROS levels, mitochondria are released in a dose-dependent manner and internalized by human endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the integrity of isolated mitochondria, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry validate successful surface functionalization and grafting. The modified surfaces demonstrate high biocompatibility, with minimal cytotoxicity and reduced platelet adhesion. Released mitochondria restore mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate and enhance cell viability under oxidative stress. Ex vivo assessment in rat aortic tissue provides visual confirmation of mitochondrial uptake in a physiologically relevant context. This platform establishes a stimulus-responsive, organelle-based therapeutic strategy that targets mitochondrial dysfunction at the biomaterial–tissue interface and offers potential to enhance vascular regeneration in oxidative microenvironments following endovascular interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Schmid, Yvonne Kulicke, Evelin Sandor, Hsuan-Heng Lu, Stefan Fleischer, Isabell Lang, Harald Wajant, Hana Kaňková, Andreas Arkudas, Annika Kengelbach-Weigand, Raymund E. Horch, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Theresa Promny
{"title":"Assessing Angiogenic Properties In Vitro or In Ovo of Pre-Crosslinked Alginate-Dialdehyde-Gelatin Hydrogels Incorporating Boron-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Particles","authors":"Rafael Schmid, Yvonne Kulicke, Evelin Sandor, Hsuan-Heng Lu, Stefan Fleischer, Isabell Lang, Harald Wajant, Hana Kaňková, Andreas Arkudas, Annika Kengelbach-Weigand, Raymund E. Horch, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Theresa Promny","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the influence of boron (B)-doped silicate-based 65%SiO<sub>2</sub>–0%CaO–15%B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (mol% [15B]) mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGN) blended in cast and 3D printed pre-crosslinked alginate-dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) constructs is examined, both in vitro and in ovo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Hydrogels such as ADA-GEL can be further enhanced by incorporating bioactive glasses (BGs) releasing ions targeting physiological pathways. The high biocompatibility, osteo- and angiogenic activity of boron-doped silicate-based BG compositions point to boron for the developing field of vascularized tissue engineering. The addition of 15B at 2% w/v leads to cell death in the case of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Addition of 0.5% and 1% 15B does not change the sprouting of HUVEC spheroids in ADA-GEL. Interestingly, the main variability regarding HUVEC sprouting is shown between cast and 3D printed spheroids. Diffusion kinetics of ADA-GEL show no difference with and without MBGNS. The biocompatibility of 15B MBGNs is proved in ovo, however, no signs of neovascularization are observed. The integration with the CAM is demonstrated using a human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) reporter cell line. Taken together, it is concluded that modifying ADA-GEL with 15B does not improve its angiogenic characteristics in ovo, at concentrations <2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang
{"title":"Mannose-Modified Cationic Liposome-Based mRNA Therapeutics for Improved Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most heterogeneous and aggressive subtype of breast cancer, immunotherapy is emerging as a promising therapy. Here, a mannose-modified cationic liposome (cLipo)-based mRNA therapeutics with dendritic cell (DC) targeting and high safety is developed for TNBC immunotherapy. The cLipos are fabricated using mannose-modified PEGylated lipids, DOPE, DOTAP, and cholesterol, followed by systematic screening of formulations based on mRNA loading capacity, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficacy. The mTEM8, which is related to tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8, known as Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1), can be efficiently encapsulated into the optimal cLipo to prepare the mRNA therapeutics (cLipo-Man/mTEM8), which can deliver mTEM8 to DCs with an eightfold higher delivery efficiency compared with the commercial Liposomes. The cLipo-Man/mTEM8 therapeutics elicited robust immune activation, significantly enhancing CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses and improving antitumor efficacy in TNBC-bearing mice. The tumor growth of TNBC-bearing mice treated with the cLipo-Man/mTEM8 therapeutics is obviously suppressed, and the survival rate is doubled compared to other controls. Furthermore, the mannose-modified cLipo system demonstrated excellent biosafety in vivo. Collectively, this study presents a safe and effective mannose-modified cLipo-based mRNA therapeutic with strong potential for advancing TNBC immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioprinted Excitable Tissues with Multistimulation Systems for Promoting Function and Maturation","authors":"Uijung Yong, Jinseon Park, Jinah Jang","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioprinted excitable tissues, including cardiac, skeletal muscle, and neural constructs, have emerged as promising platforms for modeling physiological function and disease. Alongside advances in bioprinting resolution and bioink formulation, structurally complex tissues have been fabricated with increasing anatomical fidelity. However, their functional performance has remained limited compared to native tissues. To address this gap, a broad range of stimulation strategies, including electrical, mechanical, optical, magnetic, ultrasound, and hybrid modalities, have been explored to replicate the dynamic physiological cues found in vivo. These approaches have contributed to improvements in tissue-specific maturation metrics, such as contractility, conduction velocity, and network activity. This review summarizes the current landscape of stimulation-based strategies applied to bioprinted excitable tissues and examines how key parameters influence biological outcomes across tissue types. It outlines shared principles and tissue-specific requirements that may guide future platform development. By positioning stimulation not as an auxiliary element but as a central design component, this review aims to support the creation of more mature, responsive, and physiologically relevant engineered tissue systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Schmid, Yvonne Kulicke, Evelin Sandor, Hsuan-Heng Lu, Stefan Fleischer, Isabell Lang, Harald Wajant, Hana Kaňková, Andreas Arkudas, Annika Kengelbach-Weigand, Raymund E. Horch, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Theresa Promny
{"title":"Assessing Angiogenic Properties In Vitro or In Ovo of Pre-Crosslinked Alginate-Dialdehyde-Gelatin Hydrogels Incorporating Boron-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Particles","authors":"Rafael Schmid, Yvonne Kulicke, Evelin Sandor, Hsuan-Heng Lu, Stefan Fleischer, Isabell Lang, Harald Wajant, Hana Kaňková, Andreas Arkudas, Annika Kengelbach-Weigand, Raymund E. Horch, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Theresa Promny","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the influence of boron (B)-doped silicate-based 65%SiO<sub>2</sub>–0%CaO–15%B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (mol% [15B]) mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGN) blended in cast and 3D printed pre-crosslinked alginate-dialdehyde-gelatin (ADA-GEL) constructs is examined, both in vitro and in ovo in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Hydrogels such as ADA-GEL can be further enhanced by incorporating bioactive glasses (BGs) releasing ions targeting physiological pathways. The high biocompatibility, osteo- and angiogenic activity of boron-doped silicate-based BG compositions point to boron for the developing field of vascularized tissue engineering. The addition of 15B at 2% w/v leads to cell death in the case of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Addition of 0.5% and 1% 15B does not change the sprouting of HUVEC spheroids in ADA-GEL. Interestingly, the main variability regarding HUVEC sprouting is shown between cast and 3D printed spheroids. Diffusion kinetics of ADA-GEL show no difference with and without MBGNS. The biocompatibility of 15B MBGNs is proved in ovo, however, no signs of neovascularization are observed. The integration with the CAM is demonstrated using a human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) reporter cell line. Taken together, it is concluded that modifying ADA-GEL with 15B does not improve its angiogenic characteristics in ovo, at concentrations <2%.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang
{"title":"Mannose-Modified Cationic Liposome-Based mRNA Therapeutics for Improved Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most heterogeneous and aggressive subtype of breast cancer, immunotherapy is emerging as a promising therapy. Here, a mannose-modified cationic liposome (cLipo)-based mRNA therapeutics with dendritic cell (DC) targeting and high safety is developed for TNBC immunotherapy. The cLipos are fabricated using mannose-modified PEGylated lipids, DOPE, DOTAP, and cholesterol, followed by systematic screening of formulations based on mRNA loading capacity, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficacy. The mTEM8, which is related to tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8, known as Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1), can be efficiently encapsulated into the optimal cLipo to prepare the mRNA therapeutics (cLipo-Man/mTEM8), which can deliver mTEM8 to DCs with an eightfold higher delivery efficiency compared with the commercial Liposomes. The cLipo-Man/mTEM8 therapeutics elicited robust immune activation, significantly enhancing CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses and improving antitumor efficacy in TNBC-bearing mice. The tumor growth of TNBC-bearing mice treated with the cLipo-Man/mTEM8 therapeutics is obviously suppressed, and the survival rate is doubled compared to other controls. Furthermore, the mannose-modified cLipo system demonstrated excellent biosafety in vivo. Collectively, this study presents a safe and effective mannose-modified cLipo-based mRNA therapeutic with strong potential for advancing TNBC immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500226","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang
{"title":"Mannose-Modified Cationic Liposome-Based mRNA Therapeutics for Improved Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Kexin Deng, Juping Sun, Junyu Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Wanwan Liu, Xiaobin Li, Han Wu, Juan Li, Jisong Zhang, Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/anbr.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.70106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Cancer Immunotherapy</b></p><p>A mannose-modified cationic liposome (cLipo)-based mRNA therapeutic (cLipo-Man/mTEM8) was developed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) immunotherapy. It targets dendritic cells to boost T cell responses and release cytokines, which leads to tumor suppression. More details can be found in the Research Article by Chanyuan Jin, Can Yang Zhang, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202500226).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Aniruddha Vijay Savargaonkar, Bruno L. Pereira, Paulo Soares, Ketul C. Popat
{"title":"Zinc and Strontium-Doped Titania Nanotube Surfaces Enhance Antibacterial Activity and Increase Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"Abhishek Bhattacharjee, Aniruddha Vijay Savargaonkar, Bruno L. Pereira, Paulo Soares, Ketul C. Popat","doi":"10.1002/anbr.202500161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202500161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bone is one of the critical tissues in the body as injury to it determines the quality of life for the patients. Orthopedic implants are surgical interventions which aid in maintaining the quality of life; however, bacterial infections and poor osseointegration result in implant failure which lead to revision surgeries and complications. Implant surface modifications prevent implant failures by preventing bacteria adhesion on the surfaces and encouraging cell adhesion and growth, hence leading to improved osseointegration. In this study, titanium surfaces are modified to fabricate titania nanotubes on the surfaces, and then these nanotube surfaces are doped simultaneously with zinc and strontium. Biocompatibility and antibacterial activity for these surfaces is evaluated through osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells and growth inhibition of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The results show that these modified titanium surfaces demonstrate significantly reduced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation as compared with unmodified titanium and enhance the osteogenic differentiation of adipose derived stem cells despite lower cell adhesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":29975,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanobiomed Research","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/anbr.202500161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}