{"title":"Overcoming the barriers to cleaning with bubble-free ozonated de-ionized water","authors":"T. Bush, S. Hardwick, M.J. Wikol","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731559","url":null,"abstract":"The need for significant reductions in water consumption as 300 mm wafer processes are commercialized is driving the development of revolutionary new wet cleaning processes. Most of these new processes incorporate ozonated de-ionized water as a key processing step. The use of membrane contactors to infuse ozone into water uniquely enables the production of bubble-free de-ionized water. Bubble-free ozonated fluids are the critical enabling technology for the next generation of critical cleaning.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129108528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manufacturing for design: putting process control in the language of the designer","authors":"D. Potts","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731551","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology is presented for evaluation of process control from the designer's perspective, that of overall electrical performance. Technology tables and a comprehensive set of strategically chosen wafer electrical tests are used to capture and maintain the electrical signature of a process.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129123435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Hines, J. N. Pinto, R.C. Izor, T. A. Tamayo, W. J. Miller
{"title":"Reducing perfluorinated compound emissions [CVD chamber cleaning]","authors":"C. Hines, J. N. Pinto, R.C. Izor, T. A. Tamayo, W. J. Miller","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731554","url":null,"abstract":"Hexafluorethane (C/sub 2/F/sub 6/) is a perfluorinated compound (PFC) used extensively throughout the semiconductor industry to clean chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chambers. Although ongoing process improvements to the C/sub 2/F/sub 6/ clean are helping to reduce PFC emissions at the IBM Microelectronics Division 200 mm fabricator in Essex Junction, Vermont, based on the current US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission guidelines, further reduction is needed. Alternative chemistry evaluations indicate that the use of nitrogen trifluoride (NF/sub 3/) diluted in helium (He) has the potential to significantly reduce PFC emissions.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114563329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of post-chemical-mechanical polish cleaning strategies","authors":"C. Huynh, M. Rutten, R. Cheek, H. Linde","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731621","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) has emerged as the premier technique for achieving both local and global planarization. One of the primary concerns in the use of CMP, however, is the efficient and complete removal of CMP contaminants such as slurry and residual hydrocarbons. This paper discusses the removal of silica-based slurries utilized for polysilicon and oxide CMP processes. The effects of mechanical brush cleaning, chemical treatments, and polish processes on defect density for a 16 Mb memory technology are presented. In addition, the chemical compatibility of polishing slurries with various brush and polishing pad materials is discussed.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126969489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ciplickas, X. Li, R. Vallishayee, A. Strojwas, R. Williams, M. Renfro, R. Nurani
{"title":"Predictive yield modeling for reconfigurable memory circuits","authors":"D. Ciplickas, X. Li, R. Vallishayee, A. Strojwas, R. Williams, M. Renfro, R. Nurani","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731368","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach to the modeling of defect related yield losses in reconfigurable memory circuits. The proposed approach is based on the critical area extracted from the memory layout and the in-line defect inspection data. A complete chip level yield model that takes into account the actual redundancy scheme is presented, with the demonstration of excellent accuracy between the model prediction and bitmap data from an actual flash memory product manufactured by Intel Corporation.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134483370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sampling methodology for SEM-based defect classification: risk, cost, and benefit analysis","authors":"R. Akella, C.-H. Lin, Prasanna R. Chitturi","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731418","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the relative merits of optical and SEM-based defect classification systems, the needs and costs associated with these systems, and the factors limiting the usability of these systems. In particular, we consider the impact of throughput rate and classification accuracy on excursion detection and the resulting economic benefits. The paper includes a discussion of these models and a comparison is made to obtain the maximum benefits from existing optical and SEM review and classification methodologies. Scenarios for 0.25 /spl mu/m fabs are used to indicate the procedures and policies that are the most effective from a fab economic perspective.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130399281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Welp, P. Fisher, J. Holden, P. Wang, M. Gunn, J. Franco
{"title":"Improvement of AME 8110 oxide etcher daily clean","authors":"K. Welp, P. Fisher, J. Holden, P. Wang, M. Gunn, J. Franco","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731388","url":null,"abstract":"In semiconductor manufacturing, continuously increasing production capacity to meet customer demand is a big challenge for many mature fabs. Purchasing new equipment or building additional fabrication areas are rarely the options. New ways to improve capacity using existing resources must therefore be explored. Motorola's Bipolar 3 fab has done this in the case of Applied Materials 8110 reactive ion etchers (RIE). The 8110 RIEs at Bipolar 3 were shown to be the bottleneck machines by the capacity model due to a recent production ramp. For this reason, the capacity of the 8110 RIEs needed to increase the overall equipment effectiveness of these machines was analyzed. It was found that 82% of the equipment downtime was due to system cleans. This clean was performed daily and consumed an average of 5 hours per machine per day. It was assumed that the long clean was necessary to keep equipment defectivity low. This paper describes how a new daily clean procedure was developed and implemented in a production environment to dramatically reduce the equipment downtime. The paper also describes how the new clean procedure improved the equipment defectivity performance.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"24 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130972222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overview of plasma induced damage after dry etch processing","authors":"Y. Karzhavin, W. Wu","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731581","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma induced charging has been identified as a cause for uncontrolled pattern-dependent etch rate modification and physical damage of the etching pattern. Undercutting (notching) of metal lines and underlayer-dependent oxide etch have been studied using a noncontact oxide charging monitor technique. It is shown that the dry etching process is strongly affected by plasma induced wafer charging and by underlying conducting films. The undercutting of metal lines occurs when the metal pattern is electrically connected to the substrate. Specially designed oxide monitor wafers with an metal pattern underlayer were used for charging distribution studies. It was demonstrated that the connection of a metal underlayer to the silicon substrate causes strong accumulation of positive charges in the wafer center. Strong metal line undercutting occurred under these conditions. The resulting pattern of plasma induced charge correlates to the undercutting pattern.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132385562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silicon nanoelectronics: 100 nm barriers and potential solutions","authors":"V. Parihar, R. Singh, K. F. Poole","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731641","url":null,"abstract":"From the process integration point of view, the introduction of new materials (e.g. copper conductors, high and low k dielectrics) will be the most difficult challenge for semiconductor manufacturing in 21st century. In a paradigm shift, understanding the role of defects and how they affect yield will be similarly important. Not all the defects are killer defects, and having the ability to detect the important yield-reducing defects in a particular step will be vital. In this paper, we have focused on the major issues related to defects and process integration (e.g. introduction of new materials, new processes, new tools etc.) for a new understanding of defects that can lead to the development of sub-100 nm silicon ICs. The defect reduction and yield improvement constraints require process control techniques capable of handling large amounts of defect data. In the deep sub-100 nm realm, this will force us to look for process simplification in order to reduce complex manufacturing operations.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114156805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards real time fault identification in plasma etching using neural networks","authors":"B. Zhang, G. May","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731394","url":null,"abstract":"As the IC industry moves further into sub-/spl mu/m fabrication technology, optimal fabrication equipment utilization is essential. Timely and accurate equipment malfunction identification can be key to success. It is also desirable to predict malfunctions well in advance of actual occurrence. In this paper, we use neural nets to model time series data extracted from a three-step plasma etch process for defining active areas in a CMOS ASIC. The data consists of real-time measurements from the three-step etch process for 140,000 silicon wafers collected over a six-month period from a Drytek plasma etcher. Two types of anomalies were present in this data: (1) constant or slowly advancing time (indicating the presence of a machine fault); and (2) missing steps (indicating something unexpected happened during the etch). Data preprocessing is carried out to eliminate any data acquisition errors in the original data and to separate the total time sequence into three sub-sequences (one per etch step). A pattern recognition technique is used to determine the process step number for each record. The classification results and the prediction error demonstrate accurate determination of the etch step number from the chamber state. Dynamic neural net models are then constructed for each step. We initially focus on modeling the time series associated with chamber pressure. The time series of pressure data is modeled as a function of its previous values and the current time. We use this approach to construct time series models of the etching system pressure variations using only the initial condition and the time value as inputs.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128141550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}