{"title":"Rewards, structure and alignment affect goal attainment","authors":"J. Gentleman-Ingersoll","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731466","url":null,"abstract":"Competition in the global market requires creative solutions and ideas that surpass those any individual alone can conceive or achieve. Organizations can only succeed when employees work together, produce diverse ideas and unite their efforts in a focused direction. This paper presents a strategy to create an environment where individual contributors, teams or organizations want to work collectively to accomplish a common goal. This paper addresses alignment, structure and rewards that both encourage and support collaborative effort.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126164213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-situ gate oxide/electrode deposition for a 0.5 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process flow","authors":"T. A. Carbone, G. Solomon","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731549","url":null,"abstract":"A method of depositing the gate oxide and electrode in a single chamber for BiCMOS processing is discussed. The advantages of the deposition of in situ gate electrode (DIGE) over the conventional two step oxidation and polycrystalline silicon deposition is related to cycle time and increased gate oxide integrity. TEM images and a correlation to metrology measurements are presented.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114749694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design for manufacturability: a key to semiconductor manufacturing excellence","authors":"R. Wilcox, T. Forhan, G. Starkey, D. Turner","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731579","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews measures of manufacturing excellence and presents a design-for-manufacturability (DFM) program organized around early design and manufacturing teamwork and the economic analysis of design options. Typical measures of manufacturing excellence for a semiconductor fabricator are expressed in terms of either operational or economic results. Those expressed in terms of operational results are independent of the product mix in the fabricator while those expressed in terms of economic results integrate both fabricator and product design attributes into a single parameter such as revenue/wafer. Improvements in the operational measures of manufacturing excellence focus upon increases in capacity and throughput, defect density reductions, and cost containment. Improvements in the economic measures of manufacturing excellence must focus on both fabricator processing efficiency and the productivity of the design. Design-for-manufacturability practices can improve design productivity, time-to-market, and product performance and reliability by closely coupling semiconductor fabrication knowledge with product requirements during the initial phase of a product design. Every design decision produces both technical and economic consequences; understanding these consequences and using this knowledge in the design process to optimize product productivity and profitability is key to achieving manufacturing excellence for that product.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128654297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sidewall angle measurements using CD SEM","authors":"B. Su, T. Pan, P. Li, J. Chinn, X. Shi, M. Dusa","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731568","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of the sidewall angles of features (line, trench or contact hole) is important for focus exposure matrix (FEM) wafers and shallow trench isolation (STI) fillings. Cross section SEM (scanning electron microscope), tilted stage inspection SEM and AFM (atomic force microscope) are common tools to obtain information on sidewall angles. However, sidewall angles are not routinely determined using in-line metrology tools like CD (critical dimension) SEM. In this study, we use CD SEM to measure feature edge widths (EW) in both FEM and STI wafers. The sidewall angle is estimated from known feature height (resist thickness or etched trench depth) with a linear slope assumption. A flared tip AFM (Veeco SXM) or a cross section SEM (X-SEM) is used as a reference to check CD SEM performance on sidewall angle measurements. We find that for sidewall angles less than 88/spl deg/, CD SEM measurements match reference tool measurements on sidewall angle well. The limitations of CD SEM on sidewall angle measurement are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125487957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Graf, D. Basso, F. Gautier, J.M. Martin, E. Sabouret, G. Skinner
{"title":"Highly selective oxide to nitride etch processes on BPSG/nitride/oxide structures in a MERIE etcher","authors":"W. Graf, D. Basso, F. Gautier, J.M. Martin, E. Sabouret, G. Skinner","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731580","url":null,"abstract":"This study is on oxide etch selective to nitride using a C/sub 4/F/sub 8/-CO-Ar-O/sub 2/ chemistry in a RIE chamber. It has been tested in a manufacturing environment on several applications for 16 and 64 megabit DRAM chips. Film stacks tested included a BPSG/nitride self-aligned contact type of application and a BPSG/nitride/oxide application. Aspect ratios ranged from 4:1 to 8:1. Critical dimensions were typically 0.4 /spl mu/m and 0.3 /spl mu/m, but for one application, oxide etch had to finally occur in a 0.09 /spl mu/m wide space. Process development started with a design of experiments on patterned wafers in order to understand the major trends of the chemistry. The wafers were analysed by SEM. Fine tuning of processes for each application involved optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and electrical test yield analysis.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117200949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effective defect detection and classification methodology based on integrated laser scanning inspection and automatic defect classification","authors":"Y. Fan, Y. Moalem","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731570","url":null,"abstract":"In-line defect monitoring in VLSI manufacturing is indispensable for yield management in the sub-0.25 /spl mu/m era. One of the most important functions of wafer inspection is to capture process excursions and identify the sources of yield-limiting (killer) defects. Wafer inspection has three stages: (1) defect detection, (2) defect review and classification, and (3) process defectivity trend analysis. This paper presents a new methodology for wafer inspection and defect classification by integrating a production-proven wafer inspection system (KLA-Tencor AIT) with a production-proven ADC (automatic defect classification) system (KLA-Tencor IMPACT ADC). The integrated system takes a cassette of wafers and automatically produces all information needed to analyze defectivity trends by type. Adding the on-board ADC system does not increase inspection system footprint, which is an important consideration in an industry where production floor space is precious. In this paper, we present results of characterization of the combined inspection/ADC system, including case studies from manufacturers. The results include: ADC accuracy and purity compared to manual classification on various process layers; overall time-to-results compared to traditional inspection/classification strategies; and defect sizing based on high resolution defect images of ADC compared with SEM measurement. Key advantages of the combined inspection/ADC system were found to include high classification accuracy and consistency, improved ability to track defectivity trends by defect type, improved overall time to results, and reduction of process excursion costs to IC manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126580492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bonal, A. Sadai, C. Ortega, S. Aparicio, M. Fernandez, R. Oliva, L. Rodriguez, M. Rosendo, A. Sanchez, E. Paule, D. Ojeda
{"title":"Management of multiple-pass constraints [IC fabrication]","authors":"J. Bonal, A. Sadai, C. Ortega, S. Aparicio, M. Fernandez, R. Oliva, L. Rodriguez, M. Rosendo, A. Sanchez, E. Paule, D. Ojeda","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731645","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of constraints (TOC) is becoming a new paradigm in the semiconductor industry. Most practical uses of TOC are for bottlenecks with only one visit to the fabrication process such as typical job shop linear lines. Applying TOC to constraints with multiple steps has been shown to be too complex to handle a semiconductor shop-floor. This restriction to constraints with only one visit limits TOC potential in semiconductor environments. In this paper, we present a methodology developed to allow for the use of the TOC philosophy in fab lines with more than one product flow and more than one visit to the bottleneck in each product flow. This method consists of dividing each process sequence in segments, where each segment finishes in one visit to the bottleneck and has only that single visit to the bottleneck. Once the capacity of the bottleneck is split between the visits, each segment is managed as an independent line. The method is suitable to be used in a production environment on a shift to shift basis and allows throughput optimization of real bottlenecks.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study in the continuous improvement process: implementation of an optimized scrubber to replace TEOS backside etch post SOG etchback","authors":"W. Au, D. Parks, P. Esquivel","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731574","url":null,"abstract":"As device features become smaller and manufacturing processes get more complicated, exploration of ways to reduce the number of process steps is gaining serious attention. This allows the manufacturing company to remain competitive within the semiconductor industry. This paper describes a continuous improvement process through the implementation of a scrubber post SOG etchback to remove TEOS backside etch. As the particle level of the wafer backside increases after SOG etchback, TEOS backside etch was done to clean the wafer backside to minimize focusing error in subsequent photolithography steps. The module involves resist coating of the wafer front side, a buffer HF oxide etch, followed by the resist ash and strip. Replacing the entire module with a backside scrub offers significant chemical cost savings, process cycle time reduction and increased sink, coater and asher capacity. Detailed descriptions of the old and new process and a comparison of particle and yield data are presented. Overall improvement in the manufacturing process is demonstrated by measures of cycle time, chemical cost, personnel efficiency, reduction in equipment purchases, and fab capacity.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116906976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A focus on cycle time-vs.-tool utilization \"paradox\" with material handling methodology","authors":"G. Horn, W. Podgorski","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731635","url":null,"abstract":"From large scale factory simulation, the semiconductor manufacturing process is characterized by a fixed nonlinear relationship between mean factory cycle time and overall average tool utilization. This allows selection of one parameter, which thus determines the other, for a specific factory. Although on a local level, the relationship between cycle time and tool usage is predicted via queuing theory, we find similar results for the entire large scale factory. On this scale, the relationship is paradoxical as it does not allow short mean cycle times and high average tool usage concurrently. Net improvements in factory performance can be had only by moving this relationship to a parallel curve, more favorable in the cycle time vs. tool utilization domain, which requires fundamental system changes. Emphasis on such shifts currently focuses on methodologies locally synchronizing asset use. This paper, however, considers the aggregate factory, where local asset usage is determined only by the random influence of the factory. Local assets are considered to have ideal efficiency, and thus only the stochastic factory relations determine their performance. Such external influences are WIP availability, WIP denomination and WIP rate. With this global factory view, WIP handling methodologies have a first order effect on overall performance, which promote migration from one factory characteristic curve to a higher performance one purely through material handling changes. Dynamic discrete event simulation, with 0.5 s resolution of WIP tracking, is used to find first order effects of transport methodologies on the total system.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132519503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Wang, S. Spivey, E. Warda, M. Bowser, B. Cosentino, E. Zabasajja, P. Shah, S. Imam, J. Keller, J. Fulton
{"title":"MOSAIC 1 product transfer using virtual flow concept","authors":"P. Wang, S. Spivey, E. Warda, M. Bowser, B. Cosentino, E. Zabasajja, P. Shah, S. Imam, J. Keller, J. Fulton","doi":"10.1109/ASMC.1998.731646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASMC.1998.731646","url":null,"abstract":"Financial prosperity in wafer fabrication suggests that we must consolidate assets of contiguous and mature technology wafer fabs. Many complex challenges arise in fab consolidations. With transparent results to customers being the main objective, one intricate issue is the transfer of a technology. During the 4th quarter of 1996, Motorola Bipolar-3 (BP3) experienced a significant increase in request for product, particularly MOSAIC 1 technology. The demand exceeded BP3's capacity. Since Motorola Bipolar-2 (BP2) ran similar processes and had excess capacity, it was decided to qualify the MOSAIC 1 technology in BP2. Since these two manufacturing areas do not have identical equipment and processes, it was extremely difficult to transfer and match processes and technology between these two fabs. This paper depicts a systematic approach in transferring MOSAIC 1 technology from BP3 to BP2. Novel techniques were applied that can be the framework for future transfers, which include development and use of the concept of virtual flow, and thorough documentation of the transfer. In addition, this paper provides a unique solution to the problems incurred with a particular device. The outcome, ahead of schedule, was a successful qualification of the device.","PeriodicalId":290016,"journal":{"name":"IEEE/SEMI 1998 IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference and Workshop (Cat. No.98CH36168)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125232383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}