Societal Studies最新文献

{"title":"RESEARCH ON ATTITUDE OF LITHUANIAN LAWYERS TO PEACEFUL DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND MEDIATION","authors":"Natalija Kaminskienė, A. Tvaronavičienė, G. Čiuladienė, Inga Žalėnienė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-16-8-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-16-8-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the attitide of Lithuanian lawyers (advocates) towards the peaceful settlement of disputes and mediation, which are embedded in Lithuanian law, are started to be applied in practice in Lithuanian courts (judicial mediation) since year 2005, but hardly find proper place in practice of Lithuanian lawyers. The publication contains brief theoretical analysis on role of a lawyer in mediation (lawyer-mediator, lawyer-neutral adviser and lawyer-party representative), their different functions. Also the necessity of additional education for lawyers in the field of alternative dispute resolution is highlighted. Afterwards the article presents a survey on attitide of Lithuanian advocates towards peaceful settlement of disputes and mediation. This survey was performed in 2015 at the General meeting of Lithuanian advocates. 354 advocates participated in the survey. The conducted survey examines issues of lawyers‘ knowledge about mediation, their use of mediation in practice and reasons for non-use. Based on the survey findings proposals for measures that could encourage the advocates to have more favorable attitude to the peaceful settlement of disputes and mediation, making these advanced processes natural and priority-order way of dispute resolution, were formulated.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114739029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics in Tax Administration","authors":"Audra Visockaitė, Liucija Birškytė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-04","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the article is to present the qualitative research of the perceptions of ethical problems in Lithuanian tax administration from the point of view of both taxpayers and tax administrators. A questionnaire reflecting the statements of the Ethics Code has been designed. A group of taxpayers and a group of tax experts filled the questionnaire reporting their evaluation of practical implementation of the principles of tax administrator’s ethical conduct. The questionnaire has been supplemented by personal in-depth interviews to find out the perceptions of what rules of ethical behavior might have been broken in the process of tax collection. Results indicate that taxpayers are less critical in evaluating ethical behavior of tax administrators than tax administrators evaluate themselves. Tax administrators are harsher in judging the ethical behavior of their colleagues and themselves. They also have more proposals to improve co-operation between taxpayers and tax administrators.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125753172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON THE QUESTION OF THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION AND FORMATION OF THE PROGRAMME OF THE FRESCO PAINTING OF THE POKROVSKY CATHEDRAL (SOBOR OF THE INTERCESSION OF THE HOLY VIRGIN) OF BARNAUL","authors":"N. Bartosh, Yuri A. Kreydun","doi":"10.13165/SMS-18-10-2-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-18-10-2-09","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment of Soviet power in Barnaul is connected with tragic events for the Orthodox Church: the closing of churches, the punishment of priests who did not accept the “godless power”, confiscation of church property, and the ban on religious education for children and the preaching of the Orthodox faith1. In the context of historical events, it is appropriate to reflect on the visual narrative of the fresco painting of the Pokrovsky Cathedral and understand what is presented here: a standard set of copies of well-known examples from the capital recommended by the Holy Synod, selected by the Prior and mechanically transferred by a Siberian artist into the interior of a provincial church or an original fresco programme, although based on the well-established system of iconographic canons and images but created for the purpose, which form the codenarrative, understandable only for the believer from the “recognisable” models and storytelling scenes, to create a unified spiritual space, “the mirror of consciousness”, sensitively reflecting the inner life of the individual (his doubts, fears, hopes), reinforcing it through the visualisation of marks of the Divine power − the analogy of his own pain with the suffering of the Son of God. The purpose of this research is to analyse the meaningful content of the frescoes and the system of their interaction – connectedness to the architectural space of the church. At the same time, the research concentrates primarily on the meaning of the painting programme. There will be no attempt to criticise the artistic value of paintings since it is difficult to distinguish the original message after numerous renewals and restorations.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128943607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tautos samprata – paradigmų kaita","authors":"Bronislovas Kuzmickas","doi":"10.13165/SMS-13-5-4-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-13-5-4-01","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje nusvieciama, kaip keitėsi tautos ir tautiskumo sampratos paradigminiai bruožai nuo XVIII a. pab. – XX a. iki mūsų dienų. Vokiecių romantizmo ir klasikinės filosofijos, Apsvietos idėjos padėjo konceptualius, tradicine laikomos tautos sampratos pamatus, pagal kurią tautos yra žmonijos pirmapradės sandaros dalis. Prancūzijos didžiojoje revoliucijoje kilo politinės tautos idėja, teigianti, kad gyventojai, paklūstantys tiems patiems įstatymams, kalbantys ta pacia kalba sudaro tautą (naciją). Iro monarchinės daugiatautės imperijos, steigėsi modernios tautinės valstybės. Susiformavo du sio vyksmo variantai – „vakarietiskasis“ (prancūziskasis) – valstybė sukuria tautą ir „rytietiskasis“ (vokiskasis) – tauta sukuria valstybe, atitinkamai ir du teoriniai tautos ir valstybės santykio modeliai. XX amžiuje moksle vyrauja požiūris, kad svarbiausia tautos kaip pagrindinio istorijos subjekto iskilimo sąlyga buvo politiniai motyvai ir kultūriskai integruojancio spausdinto žodžio plitimas, vykes feodalizmo irimo ir kapitalizmo kilimo laikotarpiu. Dėl politinių motyvų ir visuotinio rastingumo poveikio tautiskumas transformavosi į nacionalizmą kaip ypatingą patriotizmo formą. Kai kurie mokslininkai kuria teorijas, teigiancias, kad tautos yra sukuriamos ar net israndamos kaip „įsivaizduojamos bendruomenės“. Straipsnyje kritiskai vertinami isdėstytų požiūrių argumentai.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"1997 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133207792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A VERY PRETTY BREW IN TAP AT THE PURE DROP’: SOCIETAL PARAMETERS IN TESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES","authors":"Juan de Dios Torralbo Caballero","doi":"10.13165/SMS-19-11-1-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-19-11-1-05","url":null,"abstract":"Straipsnyje gvildenamos karalienės Viktorijos laikų visuomenės problemos ir jų atspindžiai Thomo Hardy romane „Tesė d’Erbervilių giminės“, apžvelgiama naratyvo socialinio konteksto raiska, kūrinio detalėmis perteikiami gyvybingumo ir realizmo aspektai. Aptariama rasytojo dokumentiskai tiksliai įvardijama pasakojimo topografija, nuorodos į smukles bei užeigas ir jose vykstantį veiksmą kaip svarbų XIX a. pabaigos Anglijos visuomeninio gyvenimo dalyką. Straipsnyje susitelkiama į vertinamąjį romane aprasomų tradicinių gegužinių sokių (May Day dances) detalų pristatymą ir jų socialinių aspektų isryskinimą. Paminimi ir XIX a. pabaigos Anglijos mokyklų ugdymo proceso savitumai, nagrinėjami prietaringi kaimo gyventojų įsitikinimai bei Trantridžo vietinių gyventojų demonstruojamas moralinis tingumas. Taip pat straipsnyje analizuojama visuomenės klasių problematika, romano veikėjų socialinės ambicijos ir jų pagrįstumas, tuometės įstatymu grindžiamos aplinkos aspektai.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115676545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SPECIFICS OF RECEPTION OF THE \"RUSSIAN TEXT\" IN THE POEMS BY JUDITA VAIČIŪNAITĖ","authors":"Marina Romanenkova","doi":"10.13165/SMS-15-7-1-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-15-7-1-06","url":null,"abstract":"Th e paper concerns the specifi cs of reception and interpretation of several important topics of the “Russian text” of culture (the painting ‘Lilac’ by M.Vrubel, I. Turgenev’s manor in Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, the concept ‘Cherry Orchard’) by Lithuanian poet Judita Vaiciūnaitė (1937–2001). Her poems “In Front Of Vrubel’s‘Lilac’” (1957), “At Turgenev’s Homeland” (1960), “Cherry Orchard”1 (1976) are analyzed from the point of view of the existential thought which was characteristic for the Russian culture of 20th century. Vaiciūnaitė’s intermedial strategy is considered as it reveals in the poems mentioned above the issues which are topical for Lithuanian culture and literature, namely the ones related to overcoming time, space, oblivion, and to confronting the destructive drives of the destiny. The paper focuses on the analysis of the compensatory function of the existential type of conscience for representing the problem of an artist’s destiny in the condition of the Soviet regime and for preservation of the values of Lithuanian culture.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115792726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SOCIAL EDUCATION SUBJECTS","authors":"Živilė Labutė, I. Žemaitaitytė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-15-7-2-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-15-7-2-08","url":null,"abstract":"Pastaruoju metu informacinės komunikacinės technologijos (IKT) tampa neatsiejama dalimi įvairiose gyvenimo srityse: buityje, moksle, versle, gamyboje. Jos suteikia galimybe gauti, apdoroti, saugoti, pateikti bei perduoti informaciją paciu veiksmingiausiu būdu. IKT panaudojimas svietimo sistemoje taip pat neabejotinai daro įtaką ir visam ugdymo(-si) procesui: tiek įvairių dalykų mokymui, tiek mokymuisi. IKT sudaro galimybe veiksmingiau įgyvendinti ugdymo(-si) uždavinius, daugiau orientuotis į moksleivį, plėtoti IKT kompetenciją. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos informacinių komunikacinių technologijų pritaikymo galimybės socialinio ugdymo pamokose. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti mokytojų IKT pritaikymo galimybes socialinio ugdymo pamokose. Straipsnyje, analizuojant moksline literatūrą, atskleistos mokytojų IKT pritaikymo galimybės geografijos, istorijos, ekonomikos bei verslumo pamokose.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114519936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“CHOSE LOVE NOT IN THE SHALLOWS BUT THE DEEP”: LYRICS OF CHRISTINA ROSSETTI AND THE OXFORD MOVEMENT","authors":"Yevheniya Chernokova","doi":"10.13165/sms-18-10-2-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/sms-18-10-2-05","url":null,"abstract":"The Victorian age and the Oxford Movement reveal the close connection between aesthetics and theology that is tightly related to the Romanticism of Scott, Coleridge and Wordsworth. Like the Pre-Raphaelites, the Tractarians asserted that the natural and supernatural formed a dialectic unity. Poetry and religion, which were two cornerstones of Christina Rossetti’s life, met both in her poetry and in Tractarian “aesthetic religion”. In Rossetti’s late verse, Pre-Raphaelite and Tractarian poetics are seen not as alternative components, but as complimentary ones fulfilling John Henry Newman’s idea that lyrics is a poetry of “contemplation”, not “communication”. The idea of showing “real things unseen” (Keble, Newman) is not only one of the most important “techniques” in Rossetti’s poetics and in the implementation of the Tractarian principles of Reserve and Analogy, but also a vivid example of mutual penetration of Pre-Raphaelite naturalism and Tractarian incarnationalism. It is precisely in the treatment of nature in Rossetti’s verse where the correlation of Pre-Raphaelitism and Tractarianism becomes most evident – from narrative poems to lyrics, and from fantasy to devotional poems. The poem clearly shows the result of the interpenetration of Pre-Raphaelite and Tractarian discourses within the boundaries of one text. The “eyes of body” from Rossetti’s early poems (“Goblin Market”) give way to “eyes of soul” (“An Old World Thicket”, “Later Life”). It also determines the nature of mysticism in her poetry, with a transformation of seen, definite, materialistic sensuality via Analogy and Reserve into the spiritual and mystical. In this way, the evolution of the lyrical persona of her poetry from the aesthetic to the teleological, from the Pre-Raphaelite pictorial paradigm to Tractarian mysticism, and from the phenomenal to the noumenal can be seen.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"20 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123515452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrarinis lobizmas Europos Sąjungoje ir Lietuvoje","authors":"V. Paulikas, Linas Jonas Gustas","doi":"10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-13-5-3-08","url":null,"abstract":"Lobbying activities of Lithuanian agricultural interest groups in European and Lithuanian institutions are described in this paper. Lobbying activities of Lithuanian agricultural interest groups have elements of pluralism and corporatism, but elements of corporatism are more numerous. Also, this paper touches upon lobbying activities in the European Commision, the European Parliament and the European Council. Leaders of Lithuanian agricultural interest groups and Lithuanian statesmen were interviewed about interests, lobbyism method effectiveness, access points of Lithuanian agricultural groups and of competitive interest groups. A comparative analysis of the answers of the Lithuanian agricultural group leaders and the Lithuanian statesmen was made. The paper presents conclusions of the above analysis. Lithuanian state officials and politicians which took part in the research interviews stated that the most influential Common Agriculture Policy formers are officials of European Commision and officials of national agricultural ministries. The most influential shapers of Lithuanian farmers` position are top officials in the Chamber of Agriculture of the Republic of Lithuania and leaders of national farmers’ organisations. They plan and execute lobbying activities in Lithuania and Brussels. Lithuanian farmers` lobbying activities in European Union institutions is weak, but Lithuanian farmers are able to form their position and to defend it. Lithuanian agricultural organisations, except Lithuanian Forest Owners Association, are not registered in European Union Transparency Register. Lithuanian agricultural organisations do not hire professional lobbyists in most cases. The basic methods of Lithuanian farmers` lobbying activities are expert information and campaigns of public opinion forming. In most cases Lithuanian farmers` leaders appeal to Lithuanian government institutions. To European Union institutions Lithuanian farmers appeal through mediators. Those mediators are Lithuanian state officials or European agricultural organisations. Lithuanian farmers rarely appeal to European Union institutions directly. In cases of direct address of EU institutionsLithuanian farmers ask for assistance of the European Parliament members from the Baltic States. Lithuanian farmers lack lobbying abilities. Only 10 percent of Lithuanian farmers participate in activities of agricultural organisations. Lithuanian farmers` lobbying methods sometimes are not suitable, for example, Lithuanian farmers insufficiently value influence of press campaigns to European Union institutions decisions. Also Lithuanian farmers hold a faulty opinion that Lithuanian state officials have more influence in Common Agriculture Policy forming than European Union institutions do. Lithuanian farmers did not achieve their main goal - to equalize direct payments to those of Western European countries. Lithuanian farmers` competitors are agricultural organisations from another European countrie","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126011948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROBLEM OF EU STRUCTURAL SUPPOR ON THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ECONOMY","authors":"Rita Remeikienė, Ligita Gasparėnienė, Ieva Grikštaitė","doi":"10.13165/SMS-15-7-2-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13165/SMS-15-7-2-11","url":null,"abstract":"Atlikus literatūros analize, pastebėta, kad ES struktūrinės paramos poveikio tyrimuose konkurencingumui didinti skiriama mažiau dėmesio, be to, pasigendama ilgesnį laikotarpį apimancios analizės (dauguma tyrimų dar pilnai neįvertina neseniai pasibaigusio 2007–2013 m. finansinio laikotarpio). Dėl sių priežascių yra tikslinga tirti struktūrinių fondų paramos poveikį Lietuvos konkurencingumui nuo pat struktūrinės paramos projektų pradžios 2004 m. Straipsnyje issikeltu tikslu siekiama, įvertinus konkurencingumo svarbą ES sanglaudos politikoje, nustatyti ES struktūrinės paramos poveikį Lietuvos ir ES salių ekonomikoms. Atlikus tyrimą, nustatyta, kad ES struktūrinės paramos teigiamas poveikis pasireiskia per investicijas į MTTP ir inovacijas, naujus produktus ir gamybos metodus, infrastruktūros gerinimą, gamybos mastų ir specializacijos didinimą, žmogiskųjų isteklių tobulinimą, nedarbo mažinimą bei verslo plėtros skatinimą. Neigiamais struktūrinės paramos aspektais laikytini pajamų pasiskirstymo netolygumai, is jų kylantys vidinės konkurencijos rinkoje iskraipymai, privacių investicijų isstūmimas, infliacinis spaudimas ir kt. Tokio poveikio priežastimis laikomi neefektyvus paramos lėsų paskirstymas ir įsisavinimas. Kai kuriuose tyrimuose struktūrinių fondų finansavimas vertinamas kaip neturintis reiksmės salies ekonomikai.","PeriodicalId":256611,"journal":{"name":"Societal Studies","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128187866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}